Name ______

Chapter 5 – Greek City-States

Section 1: Early Greeks and the Rise of City-States

Geography:

Southern Balkan ______

Bordered by ______Seas

Small islands, ______coastline – close to ______everywhere (fishermen, sailors, traders)

Short mountain ranges cut up mainland – hard to ______people

Rivers were ______– not good for ______

So…separate ______arose

Minoans vs. Mycenaeans

Minoans / Mycenaeans
Location
Dates

Minoans

The Minoans are credited as the ______

Mycenaeans

The Mycenaean era is also called “______”

The Mycenaeans were the ______

Dark Ages - 1150 – 800 BC

Government of ______

Declining ______, falling ______production

Agriculture and herding

Not much ______

Greek city-states

800s/700s BC – formed independent city-states (______)

Concept of a polis:

  1. ______and surrounding territory
  2. ______(people)
  3. politically and economically ______(competition among poleis)

Section 2: Greek Government and Society

Few could ______at this time – mostly ______communication

______(legend of Trojan War – Troy) and ______(after Trojan War) were epics written by ______during this time period (700 BC)

Religion:

Greeks used religion to:

  • Explain ______
  • Explain ______of people
  • Bring them earthly ______like long life, good luck, good harvest

Did not expect religion to save them from ______

Afterlife: believed spirts went to a gloomy ______ruled by the god ______

Created ______about gods, goddesses, and heroes to explain their world

______was king of the gods – the ______were held every four years starting in 776 BC to honor Zeus

Section 3: Sparta and Athens

Sparta: The Military Ideal:

Sparta was in a ______, not on a hill

It did not have ______for defense

This may explain why Sparta developed as ______and highly ______(very different from Athens)

Life in military society:

Controlled life of citizens from ______

Adult males made part of ______

Officials examined ______; children deemed unhealthy were ______

At age ______– boys left home to live in ______; from age 18 – 20, trained specifically for war

Could marry at ______but could not live at home til ______; not allowed to trade or do business (love of money interfered with ______)

Remained available for military service until ______

Spartan ______had to be strong and healthy (as wives and mothers of soldiers); received strict ______

Led to ______and almost ______

Created very little in terms of ______

Athens: The Birth of a Democracy:

Located on ______peninsula; very unfertile; turned to sea and became ______

Typical ______built around rocky hill, with ______

Early government:

______at first

Only citizens who owned ______held office

Elected generals in war time

Elected 9 ______(rulers with one-year terms)

______erased debts of poor and freed ______

He divided all citizens into 4 groups based on wealth: 2 richest could ______

All free men could elect these officials

Set up court of ______

Athenian democracy:

507 BC – ______seized power and formed a ______

______became more democratic

“______” – all citizens participated directly in making decisions (today we have a “representative democracy”)

Section 5: The Expansion of Greece

Persian Wars

Involved ______versus ______

Delian League

Persian Empire ______

Greeks now had ______but still felt ______

Need for unity – formed ______

Alliance of ______city-states

Athens was leader

By 450 BC, Athens had built ______based on Delian League

Age of Pericles

Leader of Athens from ______

Athens was at its peak of ______

Athenian democracy at its height (mostcompletely democratic government in history)

Strengthened and extended Athens’ empire

Built ______and Acropolis

Under Pericles, members of Delian League received ______but lost their ______

Athens made all the decisions

Pericles moved ______to Athens and used money for ______of Athens

______city-states to join League

Peloponnesian War

______with League grew

League failed to ______all of Greece under Athens

431 BC – ______broke out between Athens and Sparta

Spartans had ______army

Athenians hid behind their ______

Athens had stronger ______and could bring in food by ship

______broke out in Athens, killing many, including ______

Sparta, with Persia’s help, finally cut off Athens’ ______

Athens surrendered in ______

Greece now ______

Sparta and Thebes both tried to control Greece, both were ______

Greek civilization still made ______during this time

Chapter 6 - Greece’s Golden and Hellenistic Ages

Alexander the Great

Greece entered period of ______after Golden Age; Athens ______in power; Competition among city-states ______Greece

359 BC – Phillip II of Macedon became king (of Macedon); recruited army and

organized infantry into ______

Some Greeks saw Phillip as savior, some felt threatened

City-states fell to Phillip’s army

338 BC – Phillip defeated ______; united Greece under his rule

Organized cities and planned to invade ______

Did not achieve this goal – was ______in 336 BC

His son took over as king – ______

Alexander had good ______training and formal education from Aristotle

– well-prepared for leadership

Skilled military commander – troops willingly followed him

By 331 BC, Alexander had destroyed ______; he also conquered Asia

Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia

By 323 BC – discontent grew in empire; Alexander became ______; died June of 323 BC

Alexander purposely spread ______culture wherever he went

Founded many cities and named many ______; groups of Greeks settled

in them

Held a mass ______where 10,000 of his soldiers married Persian women (to unite the two cultures)

Hellenistic World

Hellenic = purely Greek, Hellenistic = Greek-like

New “______” way of life was called Hellenistic culture

Combined ideas from ______and ______

Thrived from 323 BC to 146 BC (Roman conquest)

In 301 BC – three generals divided up Alexander’s empire into ______

______; rulers wasted many resources on war

200 BC – ______legions invaded Macedon