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Dr. Oliver Gemperle, Mandritsara, Madagaskar ©
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Malagasy verbs
easily learnt
MALAGASY -ENGLISH – Francais - Deutsch
by Dr. Oliver Gemperle
July 2006
Version 1.0 (July 2006 )
Content:
Dr. Oliver Gemperle, Mandritsara, Madagaskar ©
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Verb patterns in Malagasy:
Dedication:
Thanksgiving:
1. Foreword......
2. Introduction
2.1. Where to write which form:
2.2. Examples for each verb or noun forms:
2.3. Formation:
Group 1: Front regular:
Group A I : front regular, ending regular: Completely regular
Group B I : front regular, ending regular:
Group A II: front regular, ending irregular:
Group B II: front regular, ending irregular:
Group A III: front irregular, ending regular:
Group B III: front irregular, ending regular
Group A IV: front irregular, ending irregular.
Group B IV: front irregular, ending irregular.
Mixed classification:
4. Appendix:
4.1. Rules and patterns for the formation of Relative and Dynamic passive:
4.1.1. We ask 3 questions:
4.2. The grouping of the verbs:
4.3. Some rules of irregular verbs:
5. Summary:
6. Bibliography:
7. Index:
Dr. Oliver Gemperle, Mandritsara, Madagaskar ©
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Verb patterns in Malagasy:
Dedication:
This booklet is dedicated to all missionaries who are living in another country.
They left their friends and families to build the Kingdom of God.
Thanksgiving:
I want to hugely thank Mme Ramarosanjy Lalao from Antsirabe, my Malagasy teacher. Without her, I wouldn’t have learnt Malagasy so quickly and I wouldn’t have ever dared to write a verb book. Thank you very much as well for helping with the corrections. (email: )
Thanks to her son Andre as well, who was my conversation teacher.
Thanks also to John Pugh in Mandritsara. The whole idea that you can group the verbs under each other comes from him. He suggested it is much easier to learn first active, then relative and last dynamic passive. Thanks a lot for this helpful idea. At our school, we called it John’s method.
1. Foreword
The verbs are essential in the Malagasy Language. If you want to understand or speak the Malagasy, you need to know the verbs.
If you know a verb, it is very easy to form the corresponding noun to it. There are also some easy rules on how to form the eight different verb and noun forms.
I couldn't find a book where the verbs are explained in a very easy way.
We found a way though to understand and memorise the verbs very easily and how to best group them.
This method is different then most dictionaries and probably most Malagasy teaching aids. However we tried them out and eventually learnt the verbs much quicker than people who don't use this method.
I want to encourrage you to find out the rules and patterns as they are described in this booklet. Find out yourself whether this method helps you with studying the verbs.
1.2. How much does this book cost?
This booklet is free. You may photocopy it or download it for your own personel use. If you are a teacher, you may let photocopy your students this booklet for free.
The copy rights stays with Dr. Oliver Gemperle, Manditsara, Madagaskar, . You must not publish or sell even parts of this booklet without my permison. I have decided to put the book on the internet to spread it far and wide.
Dr. Oliver Gemperle,
Hopitaly Vaovao Mahafaly Madritsara
We believe it will be a big help to anyone studying Malagasy. You might be a Missionary or a businessman who is interested in this language.
In this booklet, the verbs are already grouped. If you know for example, that the verb is in the group A1, you only have to learn the Active. All the rest
follow in the same pattern.
If you learn new verbs, which are not in this booklet, you can easily find the grouping yourself with the table in the summary..
1.3. Learning suggestion:
If I learn new verbs, I often learn 6 or 7 at a time.
I always write them on one or two pages and learn them as followed:
a) Read the Malagasy Active, guess the English translation. If I know that,
b) Read the English, guess the Malagasy Active. Memorise that.
c) Read the 1) Active, guess the 2) Relative and 3) Dynamic Passive.
d) I normally only learn the three forms. All the rest is very regular and you can often form it from the 3 forms.
e) Guess the root and the static passiv = participle and learn them. (a lot of verbs together).
f) learn a lot of imperatives together. Most of them follow normal patterns.
1.3.1. For visual learners:
I personally like to learn very much visually. I work with Stabilo Boss Markers and colour the verbs with the colour code which is in the table. The darker the verbs, the more irregular they are. (suggested colour see appendix).
1.3.2.Idea:
- Learn 10 or 20 verbs of the A1 group. This is so that you familiarise yourself quickly to the normal pattern.
- Learn from each group one or two representative verbs. (In bold print).
- Study the rules of irregular verbs.
- If you want to learn your own verbs which are not in this booklet, try to find out the grouping and order them on the paper from easy to difficult.
- Maybe learn the group A1, then B1, A2, B2, etc. This is so you can discover the patterns yourself.
2. Introduction
This book doesn't explain the basic grammer, such as how to use verbs in detail. It simply gives you some help on how to form the different verb forms.
Nevertheless here is a quick overview:
2.1. Where to write which form:
English1) Active1b)mp- noun1c) Imperative active!
French2) Relative-(a)na2b)Relative substantive 4) Root
German3) Dynamic passive- (i)na3b)Imperative passive!4b) Static passive
Example:
1234567
to drink1)misòtro1b)mpisòtro= the drinker1c) misotròa!
boire2)isotròana2b)ny fisotròana= the drinking4) sotro
trinken3)sotròina3b)sotròy!= drink!4b) voasòtro = drunken
2.2. Examples for each verb or noun forms:
1) Active: Misotro ny dite amin' ny kaopy aho. (Malagasy)
To drinkthe teawith a cupI. (Word by word translation)
I drink*the teawith a cup.(Good English)
*Bold print means the words are important and emphazised in the phrase. In English it is just read louder.
In Malagasy, the grammatical structure changes depending on which words are emphazised.
2) Relative: Isotroakony diteny kaopy.(Malagasy)
Drunken by me the tea(with) the cup.(Word by word translation)
I drink the tea with a cup. (Good English)
3) Passive:Sotroiko amin' ny kaopyny dite. (Malagasy)
Drunken by me with a cupthe tea. (Word by word translation)
I drink the teawith a cup. (Good English)
1b) mp-form:Tsy afaka matury ny mpisotrokafe betsaka.(Malagasy)
Not can sleep the drinkercaffee a lot(Word by word translation)
The drinker of a lot of caffee can't sleep. (Good English)
2b) Relative substantive:Tsara ny fisotroana Coca-Cola. (Malagasy)
Goodthe drinking of Coca-Cola.(Word by word translation)
Good is the drinking of Coca-Cola.(Good English)
3b)Imperative passive!Sotroy ny ronono.
Drink the milk!(Good English)
1c) Imperative active!Misotròaronono. (Seldom used with transitive verbs, but important for intransitive
Drinksome milk! verbs, because there the imperative passive doesn't exist.)
4) Static passive:Voasotrony ronono. (Malagasy)
Drunkenthe milk.(Word by word translation)
The milk is drunken.(Good English)
2.3. Formation:
1234567
to drink1)misòtro1b)mpisòtro= the drinker1c) misotròa!
boire2)isotròana2b)ny fisotròana= the drinking4) sotro
trinken3)sotròina3b)sotròy!= drink!4b) voasòtro = drunken
Each letter of the active verb is numbered: 1, 2, 3, etc.
1234567
1) ActivemisòtroYou just have to learn the active form.
2) Relative:isotròanaCross the first letter. Add ending - (a)na.
3) Dynamic passive__sotròinaCross letter 1 and 2. Add ending - (i)na.
The root "sòtro“ doesn't change with regular verbs.
1b) mp-noun: Take the "m“ away from the Active, Replace it with mp-
1234567
1)misòtro1b)mpisòtro= the drinker,
-
The mp-noun: always describes the "person, who does the action“ or the "do-er of the action“.
2b) Substantive relative:1234567Take the Substantive relative form, Add a "f“ in front .
2)_isotròana2b)ny fisotròana= the drinking
The substantive relative describes the "act of doing the action“.
In English these words are formed with following endings:
1. - ing: e.g. to shop → shopping (mividy → fividiànana), drinking, washing, drying, etc.
2. - tion: e.g. to form → formation (manao → fanàovana), education, etc.
3. - ment: e.g. government (fanjakàna), settlement, etc.
3b) Imperative passive!
a) words with "o“:
3) Dynamic passivesotròina
3b) Imperative passive!sotròy!= drink!
3) Dynamic passivesoràtana
3b) Imperative passive!soràty!= write!
Take the 3) Dynamic passive form to form the 3b) Imperative passive!
If the Dynamic passive has an "o“ in it, cross the suffix - ina, -na, or -anaand replace it with -y.
b) words without "o" :
3) Dynamic passiveampìna
3b) Imperative passive!ampiò!= drink!
3) Dynamic passivevangìna
3b) Imperative passive!vangiò!= write!
If the Dynamic passive has no "o“ in it, cross the suffix - ina, or -na, and replace it with -o.
1c) Imperative active!
If the verb is intransitive, an imperative passive does not exist.
You can form from the 1) Active the 1c) Imperative active as followed:
1)màndry1b)1c) mandrìa
2)andrìana2b)4)
3)-3b)-4b)
Put the accent one syllabel to the right.
If there is no "a“ at the end, add one.
Sometimes, you have to add an euphonic consonant. Ofen, these euphonic consonats are the same as in the 2) Relative.
1)mipètraka 1b)1c) mipetràhana
2)ipetràhana2b)4)
3)-3b)-4b)
4a) the root of the verb
The root of the verb:Most verbs starts with mi- , are regular.
The root is the 3) Dynamic passive form without the ending -ina or -na.
eg. sotròina → sotro.
1234567
to drink1)misòtro1b)
boire2)isotròana2b)4) sotro
trinken3)sotròina3b)4b)
If the verb starts with ma- , there are different possibilities:
a) Most of the time, the root is also the 3) Dynamic passive form without the ending -ina or -na.
eg.
1234567
to wash1)manasa1b)
2)anasana2b)4) Root: sasa
3)sasana3b)4b)
b) If the 3) Dynamic passive has a Prefix a- , drop the Prefix a- (and maybe the ending -na.)
eg.
1)mandèfa1b)
2)andefàsana2b)4) Root: lefa
3)alèfa3b)4b)
4)lèfa
c) Sometimes, the root starts with the 3) Dynamic passive and ends with the Ending of 1) Active.
1)mijèry1b)
2)ijerèna2b)4) Root: jèry
3)jèrèna3b)4b)
4)jèry
d) Otherwise you just have to learn the roots.
4b) Static passive =participle
1234567
to drink1)misòtro1b)
boire2)isotròana2b)4) Root: sotro
trinken3)sotròina3b)4b) voasòtro = drunken
Formation of Static passive of Transitive verbs:
Prefix voa +root
e.g. voa + sotro →voasòtro= drunken
(PS: Transitive verbs need often direct objects or persons afterwards.
e.g. to do something e.g. I eat the thing.
e.g. to do it to someone. e.g. I visit someone. e.g. I am visited by somebody.
The sentence is not finished with just the subject and the predicate.
e.g. I eat ...... (the soup).)
Formation of Static passive of Intransitive verbs:
Prefix tafa +root
e.g. tafa + petraka→tafapètraka= seated
to sit down, to livemipetraka→root is petraka
(PS: Intransitive verbs don't need direct objects or persons afterwards.
The sentence is finished with just the subject and the predicate.
e.g. I walk. I am seated. )
Group 1: Front regular:
Group A I : front regular, ending regular: Completely regular
English1) Active1b)mp- noun1c) Imperative active!
French2) Relative- (a)na2b)Relative substantive 4) Root
German3) Dynamic passive- (i)na3b)Imperative passive!4b) Static passive
Example:
to drink1)misòtro1b)mpisotro= the drinkerA1
boire2)isotròana2b)ny fisotroana= the drinking4) sotro = the spoon
trinken3)sotròina3b)sotroy= drink!4b) voasotro
to call1)miàntso1b)ny mpiàntso= the callerA1
appeler2)iantsòana2b)ny fiantsòana= the calling4) antso
rufen3)antsòina3b)antsòy!4b) voàntso
to congratulate, to greet1)miarahàba1b)ny mpiarahàba= the congratulatorA1
feliciter, saluer2)iarahabàna2b)ny fiarahabàna= the greeting4) arahaba
gratulieren, begrüssen3)arahabàina3b)arahabào!4b) voarahaba
to work1)miàsa1b)ny mpiàsa= the workerA1
travailler2)iasàna2b)ny fiasàna= the working4) asa = the work
arbeiten3)asàina3b)asào!4b) voaasa
to brush1)miboròsy1b)ny mpiboròsy= the brusherA1
2)iborosìana2b)ny fiborosìana= the brushing4) borosy = the brush
bürsten3)borosìana3b)borosìo!4b) voaboròsy
to sing1)mihìra1b)ny mpihìra= the singerA1
chanter2)ihiràna2b)ny fihiràna= the singing4) hira = the song
singen3)hiràina3b)hirao!4b) voahìra
to take care of, look after1)mikarakàra1b)ny mpikarakàra= the carerA1
prendre soin de2)ikarakaràna2b)ny fikarakaràna= the caring4) karakara
sich kümmern um3)karakaràina3b)karakarào!4b) voakarakàra
to say, to tell1)milàza1b)ny mpilàza= the tellerA1
dire2)ilazàna2b)ny filazàna= the telling4) laza
sagen, erzählen3)lazàina3b)lazao!4b) voalàza
to remember1)mitadìdy1b)ny mpitadìdy= the remembererA1
se souvenir2)itadidìana2b)ny fitadidìana= the remembering4) tadidy
sich erinnern3)tadidina3b)tadidio!4b) tadìdy
to bless1)mitàhy1b)ny mpitàhy= the blesserA1
bénir2)itahìana2b)ny fitahìana= the blessing4) tahy
segnen3)tahìna3b)tahiò!4b) voatàhy= sàmbatra
to tell a story1)mitantàra1b)ny mpitantàra= the storyteller A1
raconter2)itantaràna2b)ny fitantaràna= the storytelling4) tantara = the story
erzählen3)tantaràina3b)tantarào!4b) voatantàra
to treat1)mitsàbo1b)ny mpitsàbo= the treaterA1
soigner2)itsabòana2b)ny fitsabòana= the treatment4) tsabo
behandeln3)tsabòina3b)tsabòy!4b) voatsàbo
Intransitive verbs:
to lay down1)màndry1b)ny mpàndry= the 3c) mandrìa!A1
se coucher2)andrìana2b)ny fandrìana= the bed4) andry
sich hinlegen, abliegen3)-3b) -4b) tafàndry
to grow (plants)1)manìry1b)ny mpanìry= the grower1c) manirìa!A1
pousser (plantes)2)anirìana2b)ny fanirìana= the growing4) iry
wachsen (Pflanzen)3)-3b) -4b) -
to grow (person)1)mitòmbo1b)ny mpitòmbo= the grower1c) mitombòa!A1
grandir (personne)2)itombòana2b)ny fitombòana= the growing4) tombo
wachsen (Peron)3)-3b) -4b) -
to sleep1)matòry1b)ny mpatòry= the sleeperA1
dormir2)atorìana2b)ny fatorìana= the sleeping4) tory
schlafen3)-3b) -4b) tafatòry
to fight1)miàdy1b)ny mpiàdy= the fighter1c) miadìa!A1
combattre, battre2)iadìana2b)ny fiadìana= the fighting4) ady = the war, fight
steiten, kämpfen3)-3b) -4b) (tafaàdy)
to be brothers and sisters1)mianadàhy1b) ny mpianadàhy= the brother and sistersA1
etre freres et soeure2) -2b) -4)
Geschwister sein3)-3b) -4b)
to depend on1)miànkina1b)ny mpiànkina= the A1
dependre2)iankìnana2b)ny fiankìnana= the dependance 4) ankina
abhängen von3)-3b) -4b)
to move to, 1)mifìndra1b)ny mpifìndra= the mover1c) mifindrà!A1
deplacer, demenager2)ifindràna2b)ny fifindràna= the moving4) findra
umziehen, zügeln3)-3b) -4b) tafafìndra
to meet with 1)mihàona1b)ny mpihàona= the 1c) mihaonà!A1
rencontrer qn 2)ihaonàna2b)ny fihaonàna= the meeting4) haona
jemanden treffen3)-3b) -4b) tafahàona
to stop1)mijànona1b)ny mpijànona= the stoperA1
arreter2)ijanònana2b)ny fijanònana= the stoping4) jànona
stopen, anhalten3)-3b) -4b) tafajànona
to change1)miòva1b)ny mpiova= the changer1c) miovàA1
changer2)iovàna2b)ny fiovàna= the changing4) ova
sich verändern3)-3b) -4b) tafaòva
to wash oneself, to shower1)misàsa1b)ny mpisàsa= the 1c) misasà!A1
se laver2)isasàna2b)ny fisasàna= the shower4) sasa
sich waschen3)-3b) -4b) tafasàsa
to have a meeting1)mivòry1b)ny mpivòry= the meeter1c) mivorìa!A1
se réunir2)ivorìana2b)ny fivorìana= the meeting4) vory
sich treffen3)-3b) -4b) tafavòry
to complain1)mitaràina1b)ny mpitaràina= the complainer 1c) mitaràina!A1
reclamer2)itaràinana2b)ny fitaràinana= the complaining4) taraina
sich beschweren3)-3b) -4b) -
to cry1)mitomàny1b)ny mpitomàny= the cryer1c) mitomanìa!A1
pleurer2)itomanìana2b)ny fitomanìana= the crying4) tomany
weinen, heulen3)-3b) -4b) tafatomàny
to go for a walk1)mitsangatsànga n a 1b) ny mpitsangatsàngana = the walker1c) mitsangatsangàna!A1
se promener2)itsangatsangà n a n a2b) ny fitsangatsangànana = the walking 4)
spazieren gehen3)- 3b) -4b)
to go home1)mòdy1b)ny mpòdy= the goer1c) modìa!A1
2)odìana2b)ny fodìana= the home going4)
3)-3b) -4b)
to be with, to accompany1)mòmba1b)ny mpòmba= the
etre avec, accompagner2)ombàna2b)ny fombàna= the company4) omba
begleiten3)ombàna3b)ombày!4b) voaòmba
Group B I : front regular, ending regular:
English1) Active1b)mp- noun1c) Imperative active!
French2) Relative-(a)na2b)Relative substantive 4) Root
German3) Dynamic passive- (i)na3b)Imperative passive!4b) Static passive
k-h-h rule:
to talk, converse1)mirèsaka1b)ny mpirèsaka= the talkerB1
2)iresàhana2b)ny firesàhana= the talking4) rèsaka
3)resàhina3b)resaho!4b) voarèsaka
to iron1)mipàsoka1b)ny mpipàsoka= the ironerB1
2)ipasòhana2b)ny fipasòhana= the ironing4) pasoka
glätten, bügeln3)pasòhina3b)pasòhy!4b) voapàsoka
to lead, to guide1)mitàrika1b)ny mpitàrika= the leaderB1
2)itarìhana2b)ny fitarìhana= the leading4) tarika
3)tarìhina3b)tarìho!4b) voatàrika
Intransitive verbs: k-h-h rule:
to do something together1)miàraka1b)ny mpiàraka= the 1c) miaràhaB1
accompagner2)iaràhana2b)ny fiaràhana = the doing together4) araka
begleiten3)-3b) -4b) tafàraka
to fall1)milàtsaka1b)ny mpilàtsaka= the 1c) milatsàha!B1
tomber2)ilatsàhana2b)ny filatsàhana= the 4) latsaka
fallen3)-3b) -4b) tafalàtsaka
to sit down, to live1)mipètraka1b)ny mpipètraka= the 1c) mipetràhaB1
s'assoire, vivre2)ipetràhana2b)ny fipetràhana= the 4) petraka
sich setzen, wohnen3)-3b) -4b) tafapètraka
to pray1)mivàvaka1b)ny mpivàvaka= the person who praysB1
prier2)ivavàhana2b)ny fivavàhana= the praying4) vavaka = the prayer
beten3)vavàhina3b) vavàho!4b) voavàvaka
tr-r-r rule:
to enter1)mìditra1b)ny mpìditra = the entering person 1c) midìra!B1
entrer2)idìrana2b)ny fidìrana= the entrance4) iditra
hineinkommen3)-3b) -4b) tafaìditra
tr-t-t rule:
"tr“ in the 1) Active often changes in 2) Relative and 3) Dynamic passive into "t“ or "r“.
to think1)mieritrèritra1b)ny mpieritreritra= the thinker1c) mieritrerèta!B1
penser2)ieritrerètana2b)ny fieritreretana= the thinking4) eritrèritra
denken3)eritrerètina3b)eritrereto!4b) voaeritrèritra
Euphonic consonant:
Sometimes, there are additional letters in 2) Relative and 3) Dynamic passive before the endings -ana and - ina.
It makes it easier to pronoun the verbs in 2) and 3). e.g.
Which euphonic consonants occur often?( I can remember well: vnsz : venuszoo)
vv, av
nn, an, en
ss, (a)s(a)
zz
v:
to look for1)mitàdy1b)ny mpitàdy= the searcherB1
chercher2)itadiàvana2b)ny fitadiàvana= the searching4) tady
suchen3)tadiàvina3b)tadiàvo!4b) voatàdy = hita
to play1)milalào1b)ny mpilalào= the playerB1
jouer2)ilalàovana2b)ny filalàovana= the playing4) lalao = the game
spielen3)lalàovina3b)lalàovy!4b) voalalao
to love each other1)mifankatìa1b)ny mpifankatìa= the lovers1c) mifankatiàva!B1
s'aimer reciproquement2)ifankatiàvana2b)ny fifankatiàvana= the mutual love4) tia
sich gegenseitig lieben3)-3b) -4b)
n:
to go1)mandèha1b)ny mpandèha= the goer1c) mandehàna!B1
aller2)andehànana2b)ny fandehànana= the going4) leha
gehen3)-3b) -4b) làsa
to speak1)mitèny1b)ny mpitèny= the speakerB1
parler2)itenènana2b)ny fitenènana= the speaking4) tèny = the word, language
reden3)tenènina3b)tenèno!4b) voatèny
to buy1)mivìdy1b)ny mpivìdy= the buyerB1
acheter2)ividiànana2b)ny fividiànana= the buying4) vidy = the price
kaufen3)vidìna3b)vidiò!4b) voavìdy
Z:
to bark1)mivovò1b)ny mpivovò= the barkerB1
2)ivovòzana2b)ny fivovòzana= the barking4) vovo
bellen3)vovòzina3b)vovòzy!4b) -
to wake up1)mifòha1b)ny mpifòha = the person waking up1c) mifohàza!B1
se reveiller2)ifohàzana2b)ny fifohàzana= the waking up4) foha
erwachen3)-3b) -4b) tafafòha
Rest:
to listen to1)mihàino1b)ny mpihàino= the listener B1
entendre2)ihainòana2b)ny fihainòana= the listening4) haino
zuhören3)henòina3b)henòy!4b) voahàino = re
to eat1)mihìnana1b)ny mpihìnana= the eaterB1
manger2)ihinànana2b)ny fihinànana= the eating4) hana
essen3)hànina3b)hàno!4b) làny
to come back1)mivèrina1b)ny mpivèrina = the person coming back1c) miverèna!B1
revenir2)iverènana2b)ny fiverènana= the coming back 4) verina
zurückkommen3)-3b) -4b) tafavèrina
Group A II: front regular, ending irregular:
This group is very small:
English1) Active1b)mp- noun1c) Imperative active!
French2) Relative-(a)na2b)Relative substantive 4) Root
German3) Dynamic passive- (i)na3b)Imperative passive!4b) Static passive
to see, to discover1)mahìta1b)ny mpahìta = the seer1c) mahità!A2
voire2)ahitàna2b)ny fahitàna= the vision4) hita
sehen3)hìta3b)!4b) hìta
to watch1)mijèry1b)ny mpijèry = the watcherA2
regarder2)ijerèna2b)ny fijerèna= the watching4) jery
schauen, ansehen3)jerèna3b)jerèo!4b) voajèry
Group B II: front regular, ending irregular:
This group is very small:
English1) Active1b)mp- noun1c) Imperative active!
French2) Relative-(a)na2b)Relative substantive 4) Root
German3) Dynamic passive- (i)na3b)Imperative passive!4b) Static passive
to wait for, to guard1)miàndry1b)ny mpiàndry = the guard, shepherdB2
attendre2)iandràsana2b)ny fiandràsana= the guarding4) andry = the pillar
warten, bewachen3)andràsana3b)andrasò!4b) voàndry
to smoke1)mifòka1b)ny mpifòka = the smokerB2
fumer2)ifohàna2b)ny fifohàna= the smoking4) foka
rauchen3)fohàna3b)fohy!4b) voafòka
to take care of1)mitàndrina1b)ny mpitandrìna = the care takerB2
prendre soin de2)itandrèmana2b)ny fitandrèmana= the care taking4) tandrina
für jemanden schauen3)tandrèmana3b)tandremò!4b) voatàndrina
to milk the "milk“1)mitèry1b)ny mpitèry = the milkerB2
2)iterèna2b)ny fiterèna= the milking4) tery
melken3)terèna3b)terèo!4b) voatèry
Group A III: front irregular, ending regular:
English1) Active1b)mp- noun1c) Imperative active!
French2) Relative-(a)na2b)Relative substantive 4) Root
German3) Dynamic passive- (i)na3b)Imperative passive!4b) Static passive
Mam-Group: Mam f or v?
a-Prefix:
-
Ending y:
to visit1)mamàngy1b)ny mpamàngy = the visitorA3
visiter2)amangìana2b)ny famangìana= the visiting4) vangy
besuchen3)vangìna3b)vangìo!4b) voavàngy
to read, to break, to split1)mamàky1b)ny mpamàky = the readerA3
lire, casser, 2)amakìana2b)ny famakìana= the reading4) vaky
lesen, beschädigen3)vakìna3b)vakiò!4b)voavàky= red/ vàky= broken
to supply with food for journey1)mamàtsy1b)ny mpamàtsy = the A3
fournir des provision (voyage)2)amatsìana2b)ny famatsìana= the 4)
Reiseproviant machen3)vatsìna3b)vatsiò!4b)
Rest f-group:
to fill1)mamèno1b)ny mpamèno = the fillerA3
remplir2)amenòana2b)ny famenòana= the filling4) feno
füllen3)fenòina3b)fenoy!4b) fèno = full, filled
Exceptions:
to plane1)mamànkona1b)ny mpamànkona = the planorA3
raboter2)amankònana2b)ny famankònana= the plaining4) vankona
flach machen3)vankònina3b)!4b) voavankòna
to kill, to beat1)mamòno1b)ny mpamòno = the killerA3
tuer, battre2)amonòana2b)ny famonòana= the killing4) vono
töten, erschlagen3)vonòina3b)vonòy!4b) voavòna, màty = killed
Mamp-group:
to use, to employ1)mampiàsa1b)ny mpampiàsa = the userA3
utiliser, employer2)ampiasàna2b)ny fampiasàna= the using4) asa
brauchen, anstellen3)ampiasà ina3b)ampiasào!4b) -
to mix1)mampifàngaro1b)ny mpampifàngaro = the mixerA3
melanger2)ampifangaròan a2b)ny fampifangaròana= the mixing4) haro
mischen3)ampifangaròin a3b)ampifangaròy!4b) voampifangàro = mifangàro
man- rules: short: man hats ("n“ is replaces by "hts“,(man hunts)
a) a-Prefix 2nd (Man hunts):
to ask (a question)1)manontàny1b)ny mpanontàny = the person who asksA3
demander2)anontanìana2b)ny fanontanìana= the question4) anontany
fragen3)anontanìana3b)anontaniò!4b) voanontàny
b) "n“- Replace in 3rd letter position by "h“, "t“ or "s“. (man hunts)
h:
to forget1)manadìno1b)ny mpanadìno = the forgetterA3
oublier2)anadinòana2b)ny fanadinòana= the forgetting4) hadìno
vergessen3)hadinòina3b)hadinòy!4b) hadìno
to approach1)manatòna1b)ny mpanatòna = the approacherA3
approcher2)anatonàna2b)ny fanatonàna= the approaching4) hatòna
näher kommen3)hatonìna3b)hatòny!4b)
to explain, to make clear, 1)manazàva1b)ny mpanazàva = the explainerA3
expliquer. clarifier2)anazavàna2b)ny fanazavàna= the explaining4) zava
erklären, klären3)hazavàina3b)hazavào!4b) voazàva
t:
to pronounce1)manònona1b)ny mpanònona = the person who proncouncesA3
prononcer2)anonònana2b)ny fanonònana = the pronounciation4) tonòna
aussprechen3)tonònina3b)tonòny!4b) voatonòna
to serve1)manòmpo1b)ny mpanòmpo = the servantA3
servir2)anompòana2b)ny fanompòana = the serving4) tompo = lord
servieren, bedienen3)tompòina3b)tompòy!4b) voatòmpo
c) cross letter(s): Dynamic passive starts with 4th , 5th, etc. letter.
to help, to add1)manàmpy1b)ny mpanàmpy = the helperA3
aider2)anampìana2b)ny fanampìana= the helping4) ampy = enough
helfen3)ampìna3b)ampiò!4b) voàmpy
to hope1)manantèna1b)ny mpanantèna = the hoperA3
esperer2)anantenàna2b)ny fanantenàna= the hoping4) antena
hoffen3)antenàina3b)antenào!4b) voantèna
to invite1)manàsa1b)ny mpanàsa = the person who invitesA3
inviter2)anasàna2b)ny fanasàna= the invitation4) asa
einladen3)asàina3b)asào!4b) voàsa = invited
5th, 6th, etc.:
to punish1)manasàzy1b)ny mpanasàzy = the punisherA3
2)anasazìana2b)ny fanasazìana= the punishing4) sazy
bestrafen3)sazìna3b)saziò!4b) voasàzy
to heal1)manasìtrana1b)ny mpanasìtrana = the healerA3
guerir2)anasitrànana2b)ny fanasitrànana= the healing4) sitrana
heilen3)sitrànina3b)sitràno!4b) sitràna
Exceptions:
to stir1)mangàro1b)ny mpangàro = the stirerA3
remuer2)angaròana2b)ny fangaròana= the stiring4) haro
umrühren3)haròina3b)haròy!4b) voahàro
Rest: (not ma-)
to finish1)mahavìta1b)ny mpahavìta = the finisherA3
finir2)ahavitàna2b)ny fahavitàna= the finishing4) vita
beenden3)vìta3b)vitào!4b) vìta = finished
or:
to finish1)mamìta1b)ny mpamìta = the finisherA3
finir2)amitàna2b)ny famitàna= the finishing4) vita
beenden3)vìta3b)vitào!4b) vìta = finished
to need1)mìla1b)mpìla= the neederA3
avoir besoin2)ilàna2b)ny filàna= the needing4) ìla
brauchen3)ilàina3b) -4b) -
Group B III: front irregular, ending regular
English1) Active1b)mp- noun1c) Imperative active!
French2) Relative-(a)na2b)Relative substantive 4) Root
German3) Dynamic passive- (i)na3b)Imperative passive!4b) Static passive
Mam-Group: Mam f or v?
a-Prefix:
to repeat, review, give back1)mamèrina1b)ny mpamèrina= the repeaterB3
repeter, redonner2)amerènana2b)ny famerènana= the repeating4) verina
wiederholen, zurückgeben3)avèrina3b)averèno!4b) voavèrina
Ending y: -
Rest f-group:
to guess1)mamàntatra1b)ny mpamàntatra= the guesserB3
2)amantàrana2b)ny famantàrana= the guessing4) fantatra
raten3)fantàrina3b)fantàro!4b) fàntatra
Mamp-group:
to teach1)mampiànatra1b)ny mpampiànatra= the teacherB3
enseigner2)ampianàrana2b)ny fampianàrana= the teaching4) anatra
lehren3)ampianàrina3b)ampianarò!4b) voànatra = hay
man short rules: man hunts ("n“ is replaces by "hts“)
a) a-Prefix 2nd (Man hunts):
to build, to repair1)manambòatra1b)ny mpanambòatra= the builderB3
construire, réparer2)anambòarana2b)ny fanamboàrana= the building4) voatra
bauen, reparieren3)ambòarina3b)amboàry!4b) voavòatra
to steal, to rob1)mangàlatra1b)ny mpangàlatra= the B3
voler2)angalàrana2b)ny fangalàrana= the 4) halatra
stehlen, ausrauben3)angalàrina3b)angalàro!4b) voahàlatra
to beg, to ask for, to request1)mangàtaka1b)ny mpangàtaka= the beggerB3
demander2)angatàhana2b)ny fangatàhana= the begging4) hàtaka
betteln, fragen3)angatàhina3b)angatàho!4b) voahàtaka
to borrow1)mìndrana1b)ny mpindràna= the borrowerB3
emprunter2)indràmana2b)ny findràmana= the borrowing4) indrana
ausleihen3)indràmina3b)indramò!4b) voaindràna
b) "n“- Replace in 3rd letter position by "h“, "t“ or "s“. (man hunts)
to cut off/across,to settle, decide1)manàpaka1b)ny mpanàpaka= the B3
couper, decider, gouverner2)anapàhana2b)ny fanapàhana= the 4) tapaka
abschneiden, regieren3)tapà hina3b)tapàho!4b) voatàpaka = tàpaka
to decide1)manàpa-kevitra1b)ny mpanàpa-kevìtra= the decision makerB4
decider2)anapàhan - kevitra2b)ny fanapàhan-kevìtra = the decision4)
entscheiden3)tapà-kevitra3b)tapàho ny hèvitra!4b)
(to cut ideas)(hevìtra = idea )
to trample 1)manìtsaka1b)ny mpanìtsaka= the B3
fouler aux pieds, dédaigner2)anitsàhana2b)ny fanitsàhana= the 4) hitsaka
darübertrampeln3)hitsàhina3b)hitsàho!4b) voahìtsaka
c) cross letter(s) in Dynamic passive:
Dynamic passive starts with 4th letter:
to remove, to clear off1)manàisotra1b)ny mpanàisotra= the removerB3
enlever, ôter2)anesòrana2b)ny fanesòrana= the removing4) aisotra
entfernen3)esòrina3b)esòry!4b) voàisotra
to follow1)manàraka1b)ny mpanàraka= the followerB3
suivre2)anaràhana2b)ny fanaràhana= the following4) araka = according to ...
folgen3)aràho3b)arahò!4b) voàraka
to spend1)mandàny1b)ny mpandàny= the person who spendsB3
2)andanìana2b)ny fandanìana= the spending4) lany
verbringen3)lanìana3b)lanìo!4b) làny
to paint1)mandòko1b)ny mpandòko = the painterB3
peindre2)andokòana2b)ny fandokòana= the painting4) loko = the colour
malen3)lokòina3b)lokòy!4b) voalòko
to fry1)manèndy1b)ny mpanèndy= the fryerB3
faire frire2)anendàsana2b)ny fanendàsana= the frying4) endy
braten3)endàsina3b)endasò!4b) voaèndy
to recieve, to take1)mandrày1b)ny mpandrày= the recieverB3
recevoir, prendre, accepter2)andràisana2b)ny fandràisana= the reception4) ray
empfangen, nehmen3)ràisina3b)raisò!4b) voaray
to compare, to fit, to try1)manòhatra1b)ny mpanòhatra= the person who comparesB3
comparer2)anohàrana2b)ny fanohàrana= the comparing4) ohatra = the example
vergleichen, versuchen3)ohàrina3b)ohàry!4b) voaòhatra
Dynamic passive starts with 5th, etc. letter:
to marry1)manambàdy1b)ny mpanambàdy = the married personsB3
marier2)anambadìana2b)ny fanambadìana= the marriage4) vady = the husband, wife
heiraten3)vadìna3b)vadiò!4b) voavàdy
to hear, to percieve1)mandrè1b)ny mpandrè= the hearerB3
entendre2)andrenèsana2b)ny fandrenèsana= the hearing4) re
hören, wahrnehmen3)renèsina3b)renèso!4b) rè
to dream1)manonòfy1b)ny mpanonòfy= the dreamerB3
rever2)anofìsana2b)ny fanofìsana= the dreaming4) nofy = the dream
träumen3)nofìsina3b)nofìso!4b) -
Rest: (not mam-, man-)
to come1)àvy1b)ny mpiàvy= the comer1c) avìa!B3
2)i(h)avìana2b)ny fihavìana= the coming4) avy
3)-3b) -4b) àvy = come, arrived
to loose1)mahavèry1b)ny mahavèry= the B3
perdre2)ahaverèzana2b)ny fahaverèzana= the 4) very
verlieren3)verèzina3b)verèzo!4b) vèry = lost
to cook1)mahàndro1b)ny mpahàndro= the cookB3
cuire2)andrahòana2b)ny fandrahòana= the cooking4) handro
kochen3)handrahòina3b)handrahòy!4b)voahàndro=màsaka=cooked
to take, to fetch1)màka1b)ny mpàka= the person who takesB3
prendre2)akàna2b)ny fakàna= the taking4) aka
nehmen, 3)alàina3b)alào!4b) voàka
to bring, to drive1)mitòndra1b)ny mpitòndra= the driverB3
porter,enlever, conduire2)itondràna2b)ny fitondràna = the driving, bringing4) tondra
bringen, lenken3)èntina3b)entò!4b) voatòndra
Group A IV: front irregular, ending irregular.
English1) Active1b)mp- noun1c) Imperative active!
French2) Relative-(a)na2b)Relative substantive 4) Root
German3) Dynamic passive- (i)na3b)Imperative passive!4b) Static passive
Mam-Group:Mam f or v?
Ending y:
to answer1)mamàly1b)ny mpamàly = the answererA4
repondre2)amalìana2b)ny famalìana= the answering4) valy = the answer
antworten3)valìana3b)valìo!4b) voavàly
Exceptions:
to open1)mamòha1b)ny mpamòha = the openerA4
ouvrir2)amohàna2b)ny famohàna= the opening4) voha
öffnen3)vohàna3b)vohày!4b) voavòha
Rest f-group:
to dance1)mamàfa1b)ny mpamàfa = the dancerA4
balayer2)amafàna2b)ny famafàna= the dancing4)
tanzen3)fafàna3b)fafào!4b)
manshort - rules: man hats ("n“ is replaces by "hts“or man hunts)
short:
a) a-Prefix 2nd (Man hunts):
to have, posess1)mànana1b)ny mpànana = the haverA4
avoir, posseder2)anànana2b)ny fanànana= the having4) anana
haben, besitzen3)anànana3b)ananò!4b) voànana
b) "n“- Replace in 3rd letter position by "h“, "t“ or "s“. (man hunts)
to wash1)manàsa1b)ny mpanàsa = washerA3
laver2)anasàna2b)ny fanasàna= the washing4) sasa
waschen3)sasàna3b)sasào!4b) voasàsa
to touch, to nominate1)manèndry1b)ny mpanèndry = the toucherA4
toucher2)anendrèna2b)ny fanendrèna= the touching4) tendry
berühren3)tendrèna3b)tendrèo!4b) voatèndry
c) cross letter(s): Dynamic passive starts with 4th , 5th, etc. letter.
to saw1)manatsòfa1b)ny mpanatsòfa = the sawerA4
scier, limer2)anatsofàna2b)ny fanatsofàna= the sawing4) tsofa
sägen3)tsofàna3b)stofào!4b) voatsòfa
to burn1)mandòro1b)ny mpandòro= the burnerA4
brûler2)andoròana2b)ny fandoròana= the burning4) doro
(ver)brennen, 3)doròana3b)doròy!4b) voadòra