Wright JM, Deng L, Clarke PBS*, Failure of rewarding and locomotor stimulant doses of morphine to promote adult rat 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, Psychopharmacology (Supplementary Material)
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
*Corresponding author:
Table S1: Experiment 1.1: Number of calls of each category
TRIAL 1 / TRIAL 2 / TRIAL 3USV subtype / SAL / MORPH / SAL / MORPH / SAL / MORPH
Complex / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Upward ramp / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Downward ramp / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Flat / 3.5 ± 1.1 / 1.6 ± 0.5 / 2.6 ± 0.6 / 1.5 ± 0.5 / 5.2 ± 2.6 / 2.1 ± 0.6
Short / 2.5 ± 0.5 / 0.7 ± 0.2 / 3.4 ± 0.7 / 1.6 ± 0.4 / 4.4 ± 1.1 / 3.4 ± 0.9
Split / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Step up / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.4 ± 0.2 / 0.4 ± 0.2 / 0.5 ± 0.2 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Step down / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1
Multi-step / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.4 ± 0.2 / 1.4 ± 1.1 / 0.4 ± 0.2
Trill / 7.0 ± 1.9 / 2.2 ± 0.7 / 7.3 ± 1.8 / 6.6 ± 2.5 / 9.3 ± 2.2 / 12.4 ± 3.4
Flat-trill combination / 3.3 ± 1.3 / 1.0 ± 0.4 / 4.3 ± 1.3 / 1.7 ± 0.5 / 5.5 ± 1.9 / 4.3 ± 1.4
Trill with jumps / 3.4 ± 1.4 / 1.2 ± 0.5 / 3.1 ± 1.3 / 3.2 ± 1.3 / 2.7 ± 1.0 / 4.0 ± 1.4
Inverted-U / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Composite / 1.0 ± 0.4 / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 1.1 ± 0.4 / 0.9 ± 0.4 / 1.3 ± 0.5 / 1.3 ± 0.5
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM calls per 6 min of each call category (i.e. USV subtype) during trials 1-3 (n = 24 rats). The three trials occurred over 6 consecutive days, and each trial comprised one test with saline (SAL) and one test with morphine 1 mg/kg (MORPH), given in counterbalanced order.
Table S2: Experiment 1.1: Percentage of calls of each category
TRIAL 1 / TRIAL 2 / TRIAL 3USV subtype / SAL (22) / MORPH (15) / SAL (22) / MORPH (21) / SAL (24) / MORPH (22)
Complex / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Upward ramp / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 0.9 ± 0.9 / 0.2 ± 0.2 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 2.3 ± 2.3
Downward ramp / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.3 ± 0.3 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Flat / 23.9 ± 5.7 / 25.1 ± 8.6 / 18.9 ± 5.4 / 11.0 ± 3.1 / 16.8 ± 4.1 / 14.3 ± 4.1
Short / 24.0 ± 6.8 / 18.8 ± 7.7 / 25.7 ± 7.1 / 21.2 ± 6.6 / 20.2 ± 4.0 / 16.5 ± 4.1
Split / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Step up / 0.9 ± 0.6 / 2.4 ± 2.2 / 1.3 ± 0.6 / 1.3 ± 0.6 / 2.9 ± 1.7 / 0.3 ± 0.3
Step down / 2.3 ± 2.3 / 0.8 ± 0.6 / 2.9 ± 2.3 / 0.8 ± 0.5 / 1.1 ± 0.8 / 3.1 ± 2.4
Multi-step / 0.5 ± 0.3 / 0.4 ± 0.4 / 1.7 ± 1.2 / 1.3 ± 0.9 / 1.5 ± 0.8 / 1.5 ± 0.7
Trill / 24.9 ± 3.9 / 33.4 ± 8.5 / 26.4 ± 4.4 / 37.8 ± 5.5 / 31.7 ± 5.4 / 38.0 ± 5.2
Flat-trill combination / 10.9 ± 3.6 / 6.4 ± 2.2 / 12.1 ± 2.7 / 9.4 ± 2.3 / 17.3 ± 4.4 / 9.5 ± 2.3
Trill with jumps / . / 9.9 ± 3.3 / 7.7 ± 3.1 / 14.1 ± 3.4 / 6.4 ± 1.8 / 11.9 ± 2.9
Inverted-U / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Composite / 2.0 ± 0.7 / 1.8 ± 0.8 / 3.0 ± 0.8 / 3.1 ± 1.7 / 2.0 ± 0.6 / 2.5 ± 0.8
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM percent of each call category (i.e. USV subtype) per 6 min during trials 1-3 where rats were administered repeated saline (SAL) and morphine 1 mg/kg (MORPH). The number in brackets in a given drug condition corresponds to the number of subjects with non-missing values (i.e. rats that failed to emit any calls did not have calculable percent values and therefore did not contribute to the mean).
Table S3: Experiment 1.2: Number of calls of each category
SINGLES / PAIRSUSV subtype / SAL (24) / MOR 1 (24) / MOR 3 (24) / AMPH (24) / SAL (12) / MOR 1 (12) / MOR 3 (12) / AMPH (12)
Complex / 3.1 ± 1.0 / 5.0 ± 1.5 / 1.9 ± 1.3 / 10.0 ± 2.4 / 13.8 ± 2.3 / 12.3 ± 2.8 / 4.4 ± 1.6 / 35.3 ± 4.8
Upward ramp / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 0.8 ± 0.5 / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 2.5 ± 0.8
Downward ramp / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.6 ± 0.3
Flat / 1.8 ± 0.6 / 2.6 ± 0.7 / 0.8 ± 0.5 / 7.8 ± 2.2 / 7.2 ± 1.1 / 6.8 ± 1.9 / 3.1 ± 1.4 / 25.8 ± 5.3
Short / 4.0 ± 0.8 / 4.7 ± 1.2 / 1.5 ± 0.8 / 22.3 ± 3.2 / 29.5 ± 3.6 / 25.0 ± 3.0 / 5.8 ± 2.1 / 94.1 ± 8.1
Split / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.2 / 0.2 ± 0.2 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Step up / 2.8 ± 0.8 / 4.2 ± 1.3 / 1.3 ± 0.7 / 15.3 ± 3.1 / 19.7 ± 5.0 / 12.7 ± 2.2 / 4.3 ± 1.7 / 58.3 ± 7.6
Step down / 0.4 ± 0.1 / 0.5 ± 0.2 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 1.6 ± 0.6 / 1.5 ± 0.3 / 1.5 ± 0.5 / 0.8 ± 0.5 / 4.8 ± 0.9
Multi-step / 0.8 ± 0.3 / 1.3 ± 0.4 / 0.8 ± 0.5 / 4.6 ± 1.1 / 4.1 ± 0.8 / 3.7 ± 0.8 / 1.5 ± 1.1 / 11.7 ± 1.0
Trill / 9.1 ± 2.7 / 11.3 ± 3.7 / 3.7 ± 2.1 / 76.1 ± 13.8 / 73.2 ± 8.5 / 80.2 ± 13.1 / 14.3 ± 6.2 / 278.5 ± 23.0
Flat-trill combination / 3.5 ± 1.2 / 3.7 ± 1.0 / 2.8 ± 1.6 / 33.8 ± 7.5 / 32.3 ± 6.9 / 28.2 ± 7.3 / 6.3 ± 3.5 / 133.0 ± 15.1
Trill with jumps / 1.6 ± 0.7 / 2.4 ± 1.0 / 1.0 ± 0.5 / 20.1 ± 10.7 / 9.0 ± 1.8 / 11.6 ± 3.4 / 2.3 ± 1.1 / 89.8 ± 20.7
Inverted-U / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.7 ± 0.3 / 0.5 ± 0.2 / 0.8 ± 0.3 / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 2.2 ± 0.6
Composite / 1.0 ± 0.4 / 2.3 ± 0.9 / 1.7 ± 1.1 / 13.8 ± 3.1 / 14.1 ± 2.7 / 22.9 ± 4.5 / 3.2 ± 2.1 / 75.8 ± 17.1
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM calls / 6 min of each call category (i.e. USV subtype) under saline (SAL), 1 mg/kg morphine (MOR 1), 3 mg/kg morphine (MOR 3), and 1 mg/kg amphetamine (AMPH) when tested singly (n=24 rats) and with a cagemate (n=12 pairs of rats).
Table S4: Experiment 1.2: Percentage of calls of each category
SINGLES / PAIRSUSV subtype / SAL (21) / MOR 1 (21) / MOR 3 (10) / AMPH (24) / SAL (12) / MOR 1 (12) / MOR 3 (10) / AMPH (12)
Complex / 14.7 ± 5.5 / 15.3 ± 4.8 / 9.8 ± 4.0 / 4.6 ± 0.8 / 7.0 ± 1.1 / 7.7 ± 1.8 / 11.8 ± 6.3 / 4.6 ± 0.7
Upward ramp / 1.0 ± 0.5 / 0.6 ± 0.4 / 10.0 ± 10.0 / 1.1 ± 1.0 / 0.5 ± 0.3 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.3 ± 0.1
Downward ramp / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 5.1 ± 5.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.0
Flat / 8.7 ± 3.9 / 18.9 ± 6.4 / 13.1 ± 9.8 / 4.2 ± 0.8 / 3.8 ± 0.5 / 3.8 ± 1.0 / 19.3 ± 9.9 / 3.2 ± 0.7
Short / 24.0 ± 5.5 / 10.6 ± 1.9 / 8.6 ± 3.3 / 14.9 ± 1.9 / 14.5 ± 1.2 / 13.7 ± 1.5 / 19.3 ± 9.5 / 11.8 ± 0.8
Split / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.4 ± 0.4 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 1.1 ± 1.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.2 ± 0.2 / 0.9 ± 0.9 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Step up / 6.9 ± 1.5 / 7.6 ± 1.4 / 4.4 ± 1.8 / 6.2 ± 0.9 / 9.3 ± 1.3 / 6.0 ± 0.8 / 10.6 ± 4.7 / 7.5 ± 1.0
Step down / 1.1 ± 0.4 / 1.2 ± 0.5 / 0.2 ± 0.2 / 0.5 ± 0.2 / 0.7 ± 0.1 / 0.9 ± 0.3 / 3.0 ± 2.7 / 0.6 ± 0.1
Multi-step / 2.2 ± 0.8 / 3.0 ± 0.8 / 5.3 ± 3.3 / 2.0 ± 0.3 / 2.0 ± 0.4 / 2.0 ± 0.4 / 6.2 ± 4.9 / 1.5 ± 0.2
Trill / 27.6 ± 4.4 / 25.3 ± 5.0 / 17.0 ± 6.6 / 40.5 ± 2.9 / 36.5 ± 2.3 / 38.9 ± 2.4 / 16.3 ± 6.2 / 34.6 ± 2.1
Flat-trill combination / 7.3 ± 1.6 / 8.8 ± 1.9 / 8.7 ± 2.9 / 12.8 ± 1.6 / 14.7 ± 1.9 / 11.6 ± 2.2 / 6.5 ± 3.5 / 16.7 ± 1.6
Trill with jumps / 3.1 ± 1.0 / 4.3 ± 1.3 / 14.4 ± 9.8 / 6.0 ± 1.5 / 4.4 ± 0.6 / 5.6 ± 1.3 / 3.0 ± 1.4 / 10.2 ± 2.1
Inverted-U / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 0.3 ± 0.1
Composite / 3.4 ± 1.9 / 3.8 ± 1.0 / 3.3 ± 1.9 / 5.8 ± 0.9 / 6.4 ± 0.8 / 9.2 ± 1.5 / 2.8 ± 1.4 / 8.7 ± 1.4
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM percent of each call category (i.e. USV subtype) per 6 min under saline (SAL), 1 mg/kg morphine (MOR 1), 3 mg/kg morphine (MOR 3), and 1 mg/kg amphetamine (AMPH) when tested singly and in pairs. The number in brackets in a given drug condition corresponds to the number of subjects with non-missing values (i.e. rats that failed to emit any calls did not have calculable percent values and therefore did not contribute to the mean).
Table S5: Experiment 1.3: Number of calls of each category
USV subtype / SAL (24) / MOR 1 (24) / MOR 3 (24)Complex / 1.4 ± 0.5 / 0.8 ± 0.4 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Upward ramp / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Downward ramp / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Flat / 1.3 ± 0.5 / 0.4 ± 0.2 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Short / 3.0 ± 0.7 / 1.0 ± 0.6 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Split / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Step up / 1.3 ± 0.6 / 0.4 ± 0.3 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Step down / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Multi-step / 0.7 ± 0.3 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Trill / 2.8 ± 1.0 / 1.4 ± 1.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Flat-trill combination / 2.2 ± 0.8 / 0.8 ± 0.5 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Trill with jumps / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.2 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Inverted-U / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Composite / 0.9 ± 0.4 / 0.6 ± 0.4 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM calls / 3 min of each call category (i.e. USV subtype) emitted by rats (n = 24) under saline (SAL), 1 mg/kg morphine (MOR 1), and 3 mg/kg morphine (MOR 3).
Table S6: Experiment 1.3: Percentage of calls of each category
USV subtype / SAL (19) / MOR 1 (11) / MOR 3 (3)Complex / 11.1 ± 5.2 / 15.9 ± 9.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Upward ramp / 0.8 ± 0.4 / 0.5 ± 0.5 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Downward ramp / 0.5 ± 0.5 / 0.8 ± 0.8 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Flat / 6.8 ± 2.3 / 13.9 ± 9.3 / 20.0 ± 20.0
Short / 40.6 ± 9.3 / 25.0 ± 11.5 / 55.6 ± 29.4
Split / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Step up / 5.2 ± 2.1 / 11.9 ± 8.9 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Step down / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 1.2 ± 0.9 / 13.3 ± 13.3
Multi-step / 2.6 ± 0.9 / 2.1 ± 1.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Trill / 15.2 ± 4.4 / 7.9 ± 4.1 / 11.1 ± 11.1
Flat-trill combination / 11.8 ± 2.9 / 13.9 ± 8.9 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Trill with jumps / 1.0 ± 0.4 / 0.6 ± 0.6 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Inverted-U / 1.2 ± 0.9 / 1.5 ± 0.9 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Composite / 3.0 ± 1.2 / 4.7 ± 3.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM percent of each call category (i.e. USV subtype) per 3 min under saline (SAL), 1 mg/kg morphine (MOR 1), 3 mg/kg morphine (MOR 3). The number in brackets in a given drug condition corresponds to the number of subjects with non-missing values (i.e. rats that failed to emit any calls did not have calculable percent values and therefore did not contribute to the mean).
Table S7: Experiment 2: Number of calls of each category for rats conditioned with 1 mg/kg morphine
USV during conditioning / Conditioned USVsUSV subtype / SAL (12) / MOR 1 (12) / SAL (12) / MOR 1 (12)
Complex / 1.6 ± 0.8 / 2.7 ± 1.5 / 1.3 ± 1.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1
Upward ramp / 0.7 ± 0.4 / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.3 ± 0.2
Downward ramp / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.4 ± 0.2 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Flat / 12.6 ± 7.9 / 5.7 ± 2.0 / 4.9 ± 3.1 / 1.8 ± 0.6
Short / 15.8 ± 8.6 / 8.5 ± 3.5 / 3.0 ± 1.5 / 1.6 ± 0.8
Split / 0.3 ± 0.3 / 0.5 ± 0.5 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Step up / 6.9 ± 4.7 / 5.2 ± 2.6 / 2.6 ± 1.7 / 0.8 ± 0.5
Step down / 0.4 ± 0.3 / 1.0 ± 0.4 / 0.6 ± 0.5 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Multi-step / 0.8 ± 0.5 / 1.1 ± 0.5 / 0.8 ± 0.6 / 0.5 ± 0.2
Trill / 14.8 ± 8.7 / 16.7 ± 10.1 / 7.5 ± 4.9 / 2.8 ± 1.4
Flat-trill combination / 4.1 ± 1.9 / 3.5 ± 2.0 / 1.7 ± 0.8 / 0.8 ± 0.3
Trill with jumps / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 0.9 ± 0.4 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Inverted-U / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Composite / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.5 ± 0.2 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM calls each call category (i.e. USV subtype) emitted by rats (n = 12) during conditioning with saline (SAL) and morphine 1 mg/kg (MOR 1) (first 2 columns) and when they were restricted to the saline and morphine paired floor textures (last two columns). The number in brackets in a given drug condition corresponds to the number of subjects.
Table S8: Experiment 2: Number of calls of each category for rats conditioned with 3 mg/kg morphine
USV during conditioning / Conditioned USVsUSV subtype / SAL (12) / MOR 3 (12) / SAL (12) / MOR 3 (12)
Complex / 1.7 ± 1.2 / 0.3 ± 0.1 / 0.7 ± 0.4 / 0.4 ± 0.3
Upward ramp / 0.6 ± 0.2 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.2 ± 0.2
Downward ramp / 0.6 ± 0.3 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Flat / 9.6 ± 6.5 / 2.3 ± 1.0 / 1.3 ± 0.7 / 2.9 ± 2.5
Short / 13.6 ± 8.1 / 3.3 ± 1.8 / 2.7 ± 1.1 / 3.0 ± 2.0
Split / 0.3 ± 0.3 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.3 ± 0.2
Step up / 3.7 ± 2.2 / 0.7 ± 0.4 / 0.7 ± 0.4 / 1.1 ± 0.8
Step down / 0.9 ± 0.7 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 0.3 ± 0.3
Multi-step / 1.3 ± 0.7 / 0.3 ± 0.2 / 0.3 ± 0.3 / 0.4 ± 0.3
Trill / 5.7 ± 3.2 / 2.0 ± 1.7 / 2.1 ± 1.0 / 0.8 ± 0.4
Flat-trill combination / 4.5 ± 2.9 / 0.5 ± 0.3 / 0.6 ± 0.4 / 1.0 ± 0.6
Trill with jumps / 0.6 ± 0.4 / 0.3 ± 0.3 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.3 ± 0.3
Inverted-U / 0.8 ± 0.7 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 0.1 ± 0.1
Composite / 0.4 ± 0.2 / 0.2 ± 0.1 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.2 ± 0.2
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM calls each call category (i.e. USV subtype) emitted by rats (n = 12) during conditioning with saline (SAL) and morphine 3 mg/kg (MOR 3) (first 2 columns) and when they were restricted to the saline and morphine paired floor textures (last two columns).
Table S9: Experiment 2: Percentage of calls of each category for rats conditioned with 1 mg/kg morphine
USV during conditioning / Conditioned USVsUSV subtype / SAL (10) / MOR 1 (10) / SAL (12) / MOR 1 (10)
Complex / 4.5 ± 2.0 / 3.7 ± 1.3 / 5.7 ± 4.2 / 2.8 ± 2.5
Upward ramp / 2.1 ± 1.9 / 1.1 ± 0.7 / 2.1 ± 1.7 / 5.2 ± 2.7
Downward ramp / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 2.8 ± 1.4 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Flat / 26.3 ± 7.6 / 23.5 ± 5.9 / 18.3 ± 6.3 / 32.0 ± 9.5
Short / 32.3 ± 6.0 / 23.4 ± 6.2 / 32.1 ± 8.0 / 13.1 ± 8.3
Split / 0.2 ± 0.2 / 0.7 ± 0.7 / 0.0 ± 0.0 / 0.3 ± 0.3
Step up / 4.0 ± 1.9 / 10.8 ± 1.8 / 6.2 ± 2.8 / 5.5 ± 2.8
Step down / 1.1 ± 1.0 / 2.8 ± 1.0 / 1.2 ± 0.9 / 1.7 ± 1.7
Multi-step / 2.9 ± 2.0 / 2.4 ± 1.2 / 2.9 ± 1.4 / 12.7 ± 5.1
Trill / 16.9 ± 5.9 / 16.1 ± 6.3 / 20.9 ± 7.6 / 19.1 ± 6.9
Flat-trill combination / 7.4 ± 3.0 / 6.6 ± 1.8 / 9.1 ± 4.3 / 7.0 ± 2.8
Trill with jumps / 0.1 ± 0.1 / 1.6 ± 0.7 / 0.8 ± 0.6 / 0.3 ± 0.3
Inverted-U / 1.1 ± 0.7 / 1.2 ± 1.0 / 0.4 ± 0.3 / 0.3 ± 0.3
Composite / 1.0 ± 1.0 / 3.4 ± 1.7 / 0.4 ± 0.3 / 0.0 ± 0.0
Data in the table refer to the mean ± SEM percent of each call category (i.e. USV subtype) during conditioning with saline (SAL) and morphine 1 mg/kg (MOR 1) (first 2 columns) and when they were restricted to the saline and morphine paired floor textures (last two columns). The number in brackets in a given drug condition corresponds to the number of subjects with non-missing values (i.e. rats that failed to emit any calls did not have calculable percent values and therefore did not contribute to the mean).