AP Biology Study Guide: Ch 9/10 Cellular Respiration/PhotosynthesisNAME:PERIOD:
1. Write a summary equation for cellular respiration. Indicate which molecules are oxidized and which molecules are reduced.
2. Define oxidation and reduction.
3. Describe the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration.
4. Explain the role of the Electron Transport Chain in cellular respiration.
5. Name the 3 stages of cellular respiration and describe the region (be very specific) of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs.
6. Why is ATP required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis?
7. What are the products of glycolysis?
8. Describe the citric acid cycle (Kreb’s). List the products and explain why it is called a cycle.
9. What is the function of the citric acid cycle?
10. What intermediate metabolite (molecule) enters the citric acid cycle (hint: it is formed by the removal of CO₂ from one molecule of pyruvate)?
11. Explain how the exergonic slide of electrons down the Electron Transport Chain(ETC) is coupled with the edergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis.
12. Explain where and how the ETC of cellular respiration creates a proton gradient.
13. What is the final electron acceptor of the ETC?
14. Summarize the net ATP yield from the oxidation of a glucose molecule.
15. Explain what happens when electrons flow along the ETC of a mitochondrion.
16. Explain why it is not possible to state an exact number of ATP generated by oxidation of glucose.
17. Starting with food, explain how electrons travel “downhill” along the gradient during aerobic respiration.
18. State the basic function of fermentation.
19.Compare the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation and in lactic acid fermentation.
20. Compare and contrast cellular respiration with fermentation.
21. Describe the evidence that suggests that glycolysis is an ancient metablolic pathway.
22. Compare and contrast catabolic pathways and anabolic pathways.
23. Approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis is the result of substrate level phosphorylation?
24. Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?
25. Write a summary equation for photosynthesis.
26. Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
27. Describe the structure of a chloroplast, listing all membranes and compartments.
28. Describe the 2 main stages of photosynthesis.
29. Explain why the action spectrum for photosynthesis differs from the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a.
30. List the wavelengths of light that are most effective for photosynthesis.
31. What are the reactants and products of light dependent reactions?
32. What are the reactants and products of light independent reactions?
33. How do carotenoids protects cells from damage by light?
34. List the components of a photosystem and explain the function of each.
35. Compare and contrast cyclic and noncyclic electron flow.
36. What are the products of noncyclic photophosphorylation?
37. What are the products of cyclic electron flow in the chlorophlast?
38. Compare and contrast oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria and photophosphorylation in the chloroplast.
39. Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
40. State the function of each of the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle.
41. What products of light reactions are used during the Calvin cycle?
42. Describe the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle.
43. Explain why photorespiration is thought to be an evolutionary relic. (leftover from ancient times)
44. What is P700? What does the number 700 mean?
45. Explain the biological relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
46. Where is the ETC in plant cells?
47. Describe 2 important photosynthetic adaptations that minimize photorespiration.
48. Compare and contrast C3, C4 and CAM plants.
49. Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?
50. CAM plant can keep their stomata closed during the day because…
51. What are the substrates for the enzyme RuBP carboxylase?