Under Pressure:
Lobbyists:
Helping Decide Who Gets What, When and How…
34,785!
•That’s right, ______.
•Lobby: An array of activities that attempts to influence ______and government ______. (Schmidt)
•Lobbying: When individuals or interest groups ______the government to act in their favor. (Wasserman)
•Lobbyist: A person attempting to ______governmental decisions on behalf of a group. (Wilson)
•They’re everywhere!
Lobbying Techniques
•Engage in private ______with public officials to make known the needs of the client.
•Testify Before ______
•Testify Before ______(Especially for ______)
•Provide Draft ______And Amendments
•Provide ______, Both Technical And Political
•Mix AND ______…
Direct and Indirect
•Direct Lobbying:
•Congressional Committees, Executive Bureaucracies
•______time actually spent on ______!
•Based on:
–______
–Personal ______
–Money, oh, I mean ______…
•Indirect Lobbying:
•______Activation
–Letters
–Calls
•Media Presence
–Positive Articles
–______
•______Building
–Strange bedfellows!
–Environmentalists and Big Oil
•______campaigns
Handguns, lobbyists and other dangerous things
•Lobbyist registration
•______% of your time lobbying makes you a lobbyist.
•Report on bill numbers and issues lobbied, but not individual contacts made.
•“Grassroots” efforts are exempted
•Lobbyist’s expenditure reports
•Semiannual report on ______has been spent.
•Also must report on ______is doing the paying.
•Chamber rules ______individual gifts.
The Iron Triangle
______, ______and Congressional ______
The Revolving Door
•Phil Gramm, former Senator from Texas “retired” in 2003 to a position at UBS Warburg for an annual salary of over ______!
Can’t Buy Me Love…
Frightening But True:
• For every member of Congress:
–More than ______lobbyists were employed.
–$______million was spent.
Cold Comfort:
•“Lobbyists gain support by presenting their cases as consistent with a ______concern.” (Wasserman)
Primary Source:
A Bridge Too Far?
Wasserman calls interest groups a ______over which people and players can reach the political game.
Describe the bridge.
Follow the Money!
In 2000, it cost $______million to win an open Senate seat. Where does that money come from?
Next up: Interest Groups, PACS and Pressure