1. In the flowering plant called the 4 o’clock, bloom color is controlled by exactly

2 alleles. A 4 o’clock that makes red blooms has two red alleles. A 4 o’clock

that makes white blooms has two white alleles. A 4 o’clock that makes pink

blooms have one white allele and one red allele.

A gardener grows 100 four o’clock plants. By pure chance, 50 plants make red

blooms, 25 plants make pink blooms, & 25 plants make white blooms.

Which graph below shows the distribution of the total number of alleles for

bloom color among all 100 plants?

  1. Which tool would a biologist use to view the site of protein production in an animal cell?
  2. a microscope
  3. a magnifying glass
  4. a digital balance
  5. a spectrophotometer

3. A team of ecologists measured the levels of dissolved oxygen at different depths

in three lakes. Their results are shown below:

Depth
(m) / Oxygen Concentration (mg/L)
Cobble Lake / Forest Lake / Rainy Lake
5 / 7.2 / 7.1 / 7.3
10 / 6.6 / 5.7 / 7.0
15 / 5.9 / 4.3 / 6.6
20 / 5.1 / 2.9 / 6.2

What is the best prediction for the level of dissolved oxygen in Forest Lake at

18m deep?

  1. 4.2 mg/L
  2. 4.0 mg/L
  3. 3.5 mg/L
  4. 3.0 mg/L

4. The following graph shows how a population of snails in a pond changed over

3 years.

Snail Population Over Time

Which statement best explains the data displayed in the graph?

  1. Predation of snails increased.
  2. The snails migrated to another lake.
  3. A toxin killed all the snails.
  4. A limiting nutrient reduced the population.

5. Tammy is growing a species of algae in a test tube containing a trace amount of

phosphate. The algae multiply until all the phosphate runs out. If Tammy adds

more phosphate, the algae will start multiplying again.

What is the role of the phosphate in this system?

  1. consumer
  2. limiting factor
  3. constant
  4. biotic factor

6. Arizona is home to mule deer. Which of the following would lead to an increase in

a population of mule deer in a habitat?

  1. a decline in the number of mule deer predators
  2. an increase in the rate of mule deer emigration
  3. a decline in the rate of mule deer immigration
  4. an increase in the mortality rate of mule deer

7. Reba did an investigation with three identical plants in small pots. She put all

three plants in a room with no windows.

  • She put the first plant on its side.
  • She attached the second plant to a ring stand, & then turned the plant upside-down.
  • She let the third plant rest normally on its base.

Reba put four lamps of equal intensity around each plant. Each lamp was 1m from its plant. She observed the plants for five days.

Which hypothesis was Reba most likely studying in this experiment?

  1. If a plant is near a light source, it will turn to reach that light source.
  2. If light source is more than 1m from a plant, the plant will not respond to that light source.
  3. If a plant is in an environment with gravity, it will always grow opposite to the force of gravity.
  4. If a plant is on its side or upside-down, it will not grow as quickly as a plant that is resting on its base.

8. Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource?

  1. cotton
  2. cattle
  3. citrus
  4. copper

9. Which of the following human activities is most likely to contribute to flooding

after a large rainstorm?

  1. clear cutting on a mountainside
  2. building a road
  3. prescribed burning
  4. tree thinning a forest

10. Which of the following is the most responsible for the brown cloud of smog that

settles over our city?

  1. volcanic eruptions
  2. dust storms
  3. vehicle emissions
  4. prescribed burns

11. Which of the following is not a consequence of prescribed burning on Arizona’s

rangelands?

  1. heightened concentrations of aerosols in the atmosphere
  2. improved visibility in the Grand Canyon
  3. increased amounts of nutrients in the soil
  4. reduced concentrations of dead plant matter

12. Art grew a population of paramecium in a 500mL beaker. The temperature of the

fluid was a constant 24o C. Her estimates of the population over two weeks are

shown below.

Estimated Paramecium Populations Over 14 Days

Day / Population Estimate
2 / 300
4 / 500
6 / 2,000
8 / 3,500
10 / 8,500
12 / 5,500
14 / 7,500

Between with two days did the paramecium population first reach the carrying capacity of the environment?

  1. 6 & 8
  2. 8 & 10
  3. 10 & 12
  4. 12 & 14

13. An ecologist studying a habitat estimates that the fox population is at one-third

the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. If the population contains 10 foxes and

the habitat is 60 square kilometers, then what would be the population density of

foxes if the ecosystem were at carrying capacity?

  1. 600 foxes
  2. 30 foxes
  3. 3 foxes per square kilometer
  4. 0.5 foxes per square kilometer

14. The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, is native to Asia. It was found in

North America in 2002, probably having traveled here in the packing material

used to protect goods shipped overseas. Since arriving, the emerald ash borer

population has exploded. The insects have killed more than 20 million ash trees in

the Midwest.

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the success of the

emerald ash borer in North America?

  1. The ash trees in North America are more nutritious than those in Asia.
  2. People are encouraging the growth of the new species in North America.
  3. Asian ash trees have a lower resistance to the emerald ash borer than do North American ash trees.
  4. The emerald ash borer has fewer predators in North America than in Asia.

15. Scientists at a university were exploring the interactions between three species

of insects, labeled Q, R, & S. They put different combinations of the species into

three terrariums, then watched their interactions for one week. Their results

are shown in the table below.

Insect Species Populations in Terrariums After One Week

Terrarium / Species in Terrarium / Ratio of Individuals as Start of Experiment / Ratio of Individuals After One Week
1 / Q : R / 30 : 30 / 30 : 30
2 / R : S / 30 : 30 / 10 : 30
3 / Q : S / 30 : 30 / 30 : 15

Which of the following statements is most likely an incorrect interpretation of the data?

  1. Species Q preys on species S but not species R.
  2. Species S preys on species R & is the prey for species Q.
  3. Species R & S each benefit from the presence of the other.
  4. Species Q and R neither benefit from nor are they harmed by each other.

16. Which of the following organisms would be found nearest the top level of a food

pyramid?

  1. a cougar
  2. an antelope
  3. plankton
  4. a redwood tree

17. All of the following are examples of symbiotic relationships except:

  1. a clownfish living among sea anemones
  2. a remora riding along on a shark
  3. a tick living on a mule
  4. a wolf killing a mouse

18. Could it be said that the plants in an ecosystem are the source of all other

organisms’ food energy?

  1. No, because tertiary & quaternary consumers only feed on other consumers
  2. No, because many omnivores obtain some of their food energy by eating animals.
  3. Yes, because carnivores eat animals that rely on plants for their food energy.
  4. Yes, because only by eating some plant material can an organism get enough energy.

19. All elements in an ecosystem can be categorized as either abiotic or biotic.

Which of the following statements uses either “abiotic” or “biotic” correctly?

  1. Abiotic factors in a tropical rain forest include mutualism & the diversity of plants on the forest floor.
  2. On a farm, one important biotic factor to monitor is the moisture content of the soil.
  3. If you own a fish tank, two abiotic factors that you should regularly measure are the water’s temperature and its pH.
  4. Volcanoes emit large amounts of carbon dioxide, a biotic factor that can affect climates.

20. Burning fossil fuels produces a chemical that is linked to the greenhouse effect.

Which of the following processes releases the same chemical?

  1. cellular respiration
  2. denitrification
  3. nitrogen fixation
  4. photosynthesis

21. A group of students in Canada measured the diameters of three species of trees

on the north and the south slopes of a large hill. They averaged the diameters of

the trees & their results showed that in all three species the trees on the south

slope grew taller than the trees on the north slope, on average.

Which factor most likely explains the difference in the average diameter of

the trees?

  1. The soil on the north slope of the hill has a higher nitrate concentration than the soil on the south slope.
  2. The atmosphere on the south slope of the hill has a higher CO2 concentration than the atmosphere on the north slope.
  3. Herbivores visit the north slope of the hill more often than they do the south slope.
  4. The south slope of the hill gets more hours of direct sunlight per year than does the north slope.

22. Using the table below decide which two organisms are most closely related.

Organism / Habitat / Diet / Pairs of incisors in upper jaw / Mass of adult (kg) / Average gestation period (days)
Eastern cottontail rabbit / meadow, forest / grass, twigs / 2 / 0.8 – 1.5 / 30
Large hairy armadillo / semi desert / lizards, insects / 0 / 2 / 65
North American porcupine / tundra, chaparral / bark, grass / 1 / 5 – 4 / 210
Eastern chipmunk / grassland / nuts, acorns / 1 / 0.08 – 0.15 / 31
  1. eastern cottontail rabbit and North American porcupine
  2. North American porcupine and eastern chipmunk
  3. Large hairy armadillo and North American porcupine
  4. Eastern cottontail rabbit and eastern chipmunk

23. Eel and sea snakes share many adaptations that allow them to live underwater,

yet they are members of different classes. What type of evolution does this

example illustrate?

  1. coevolution
  2. macroevolution
  3. adaptive radiation
  4. convergent evolution

24. A student is developing a classification system to identify taxonomic

relationships among common local plants. What characteristic would be most

helpful in making a classification system for the plants?

  1. leaf color
  2. plant height
  3. reproductive organs
  4. scent

25. Biologists are not certain how to classify the North American red wolf in relation

to other, similar species. Some biologists claim that the red wolf existed as a

species before both the gray wolf and the coyote. Other biologists claim that

the red wolf is actually a hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote.

What type of evidence would best support the hypothesis that the red wolf existed before the gray wolf and the coyote?

  1. Fossils of gray wolves and coyotes but not of red wolves
  2. Different mating behaviors among all three species
  3. Similar body plans between red wolves and gray wolves but not coyotes
  4. A DNA sequence shared by the gray wolf and the coyote but not the red wolf

26. The state amphibian of Arizona, the Arizona tree frog, has the scientific name

Hyla eximia. Which species is most closely related to the Arizona tree frog?

  1. Phaenicia eximia
  2. Dicentra eximia
  3. Hyla wrightorum
  4. Dicentra Formosa

27. What would most likely happen to a population of plants if their environment

undergoes long-term climate change that results in a much hotter and drier

environment?

  1. The plants would increase the number of seeds they make to improve their chances of reproducing.
  2. Individual plants would work hard to grow longer roots and thicker leaves.
  3. All of the plants would die off before producing offspring
  4. The plants that gather and store water most efficiently would survive.

28. Which body part is analogous to the bat wing?

  1. butterfly wing
  2. lobster claw
  3. fish fin
  4. human arm & hand

Answers

1)D

2)A

3)C

4)C

5)B

6)A

7)C

8)D

9)A

10)C

11)B

12)B

13)D

14)D

15)C

16)A

17)D

18)C

19)C

20)A

21)D

22)B

23)D

24)C

25)D

26)C

27)D

28)A