FL Unit 5 Study Guide (Infant Nutrition)
Name: ______Date:______Period: ______
Infant – ______
•Growth is ______during infancy than any other time of life.
•The muscles, bones, and other tissues grow and develop at dramatic rates.
•An infant’s healthy weight ______during the first year.
•Infants need the ______variety of nutrients as adults
•Infants who are ______have greater nutritional needs than adults.
•Infants require more nutrients per pound of body weight.
Iron
•Infants who are born to healthy woman who consumer ______amounts of Iron should have iron stored in their body until they are ______months.
•It should be enough last them until they begin to consume Iron from ______.
Protein
•Infants need ______protein
•Supports the growth of ______and other body ______.
•Excess Protein:Can ______the growth of the brain.
•Inadequate Protein:
Stresses the ______&______
Both ______and ______the excess nitrogen
Not ______but when nonfat milk or concentrated formula is used.
Some Signs: ______, Diarrhea, elevated blood ______, ______.
Calcium & Phosphorous
•Infants need an______of amount of both.
•Essential for the development of ______&______
•______And______are designed to meet these and other nutritional needs.
Vitamin D
•Recommendation is ______each day
•This includes infants who are ______or on ______.
•Discuss vitamin D ______with your pediatrician.
Feeding Schedules
•Proper feeding is essential to ______growth for infants.
•First few weeks baby’s need to feed every ______hours
•Just learning to eat
•Digestive Tracts are ______.
•After the first few weeks baby need to be fed at regular times.
•______feedings a day
•______hour intervals
•Around ______months you can feed ______times a day
•By the infants ______birthday they can join the family for ______meals a day with nutritious snacks.
Feeding Schedule Tips for Caregivers
•Be ______
•Baby might be hungry at ______times
•Look for signs the infant is ______
•Avoid ______feeding when they are not hungry
______Out food or ______head away.
Environmental Factors
•Regular Feeding Times
•______expectations from caregiver
•______Foods – don’t be upset this is one way baby’s show ______.
Wait a few days and try to feed that food again.
•______eating conditions help children form ______feelings towards food and eating.
•Infants don’t have food ______& ______
They learn them when ______express their like and dislike for foods.
Breastfeeding
•______food for an infant
•Nutrient composition that is ______to nourish humans.
•The first few months breast milk ______to meet the infants changing needs.
•The ______of breast milk is very different from that of cow’s milk or formula.
Stages of Breast Milk
-______: First 3-5 days following birth.Creamy, yellow, thick milk
High in protein, vitamins, minerals and antibodies.
-______:Lasts about 2 weeks. Thinner, whiter milk
High in fat, Lactose and vitamins.
-______:Until baby is weaned. 90% water for hydration
Carbohydrate, protein and fat needed for growth and energy
Formula
•Formula has ______of some nutrients than breast milk.
•The only ______approved formula is ______fortified.
•More of these ______are not necessary
______Amount of protein in breast milk is easier for infants to digest.
Infants absorb the smaller amount of ______in breast milk more fully than the ______amount in formula.
Breast milk contains ______(protect against disease) that ______doesn’t.
Digesting Solid Foods
•Infants ______have solids before they are ______months old.
•Infants younger than ______months have trouble ______solid foods.
•Infant’s ______are ______and can’t handle the increased load of ______wastes generated by solid foods.
Waste includes: ______& ______
Infants excrete these wastes through their ______and eating solids before ______months due to this can cause ______.
•Infants have an______GI tract and will digest the protein but not the ______.
This can increase their risk of developing ______.
Introducing Solid Foods
Signs an Infant is ready for solid foods
Should be able to ______with support (provides a straight passage for solids to travel)
Infant should no longer ______(control of mouth & tongue)
______Birth Weight
Show interest in ______(practice chewing when they see others chewing)
1. ______are usually the first solid food added to the infant’s diet.Iron is in a form infant’s can absorb.
2.Strained ______
3. ______:Many parents introduce fortified apple juice at this time as a source of Vitamin C.
4. ______– this is the last solid food introduced (digestion)
- Only introduce ______solid food at a time
•Wait ______days before introducing another solid food.
Food Allergies
Food Intolerances
•______is usually first because it is the least allergenic.
•______is introduced later on because it is more allergenic.
•______can cause allergens if introduced too early. (wait till after 1st birthday to introduce)
•______introduce new foods to help grow flavors and texture
Commercially-Prepared
•Convenient
•Long Shelf Life
Homemade
•Just as nutritious
•Less Expensive
Preparing Foods at Home
•Prepared and stored using ______food practices
•An ______texture for the child
•Nutritious
•Prepared ______added sugar, salt or spices
Preparation
1. Select good ______, fresh food. Avoid using leftover foods.
2. Wash, ______, seed or trim foods as needed. Remove fat from meat.
3. Cook food until ______. Cook protein foods until ______
4.Use a food ______or ______to process foods to appropriate textures. Foods can also be pushed through a fine mesh strainer with a spoon.
5. Add ______liquid, water or fruit juice to thin pureed food if needed.
Storage
Foods that are not eaten immediately after cooking should be stored in ______or ______. Do not let the food sit at ______temperature.
Refrigerating Homemade Baby Food
1. Place food in ______container with lid.
2. Label and ______food
3. Refrigerate ______.
4. Discard food after ______hours
Freezing Homemade Baby Food
- Place baby food into clean container. (Clean ice cube trays can be used to freeze food into baby-size portions) Cover ______with lid, plastic wrap or foil.
- Label and date food
- Place in freezer immediately
- Discard food after ______month.
Feeding Tips
•Avoid ______to prevent the development of ______fat tissue
•Amounts of food Infants are ______to accept varies
•______consumed is based on age, sex, size, state of health & ______characteristics.
•______months they can begin to ______foods with their fingers.
Holding food with fingers prepares them to hold a ______.
Foods Not Allowed
•Low ______formulas
•______, herbs, spices, or botanicals
•Oral dehydration fluids or ______solutions
•Flavoring or ______agents
•Sports or ______drinks
•Infant cereal with added infant ______, milk, fruit, or other non-cereal ingredients
•Peanuts
•Fruit-nut mixtures
•______, salt, sugar, ______, fish, raw eggs.
•Goats' and ______milk (under a year old)
Timeline for Feeding
•______
–The baby should be eating breast milk at least 8 times a day or 18-40 ounces of iron fortified formula a day.
•______
–The baby should be eating breast milk every 2-4 hours or 24-45 ounces of iron fortified formula. Your baby may also need 1-4 Tbsp. of dry cereal mixed with breast milk or formula. You can tell if your baby is ready for cereal if she's between 4-6 months old, holds her head up, can sit with support, acts interested in foods you're eating, doesn't push food out with her tongue, and can give you satiety cues.
•______
–The baby should be eating breast milk at least 5 times a day or 24-37 ounces of iron fortified formula a day. Also included in their diet should be iron fortified infant cereal, fruit juices, vegetables and fruits, and small servings of finger foods.
•______
–The baby should be eating breast milk at least 4 times a day or 24-31 ounces of iron fortified infant formula. The baby should also experience a number of other foods such as: iron fortified infant cereal, fruit juices, vegetables and fruits, finger foods, legumes, egg yolks, meat, dairy foods.
How to Feed a Baby
•Hold the baby ______while feeding.
•Hold the baby's ______higher than the body keeping it supported, to make ______easier.
•Hold the bottle so that most of the ______nipple is in your baby's mouth and the formula fills the ______. This will prevent the baby from swallowing ______.
•The baby will ______be able to support the bottle alone during the first year.
•Let the baby ______the pace. Do not rush feeding.
•______the baby after each feeding. If the baby has a lot of gas, burp halfway through the feeding.
•Never ______the bottle in baby's mouth. This could cause ______or ______decay.
How to Breastfeed
–Position the baby on her ______so she is directly facing you, with her belly touching yours. Next, prop up the baby with a pillow if necessary, and hold her up to your breast; don't lean over toward her.
–Place your ______and fingers around your areola.
–Tilt your baby's head back slightly and tickle her lips with your nipple until she opens her mouth ______.
–Help her "______" the breast into her mouth by placing her lower jaw on first, well below the nipple.
–Tilt her head forward, placing her ______deeply on the breast. Make sure she takes the entire nipple and at least 1 1/2 inches of the areola in her mouth.
Weaning
•The process of gradually introducing infants to an______diet and withdrawing the supply of their mother's milk.
•Weaning should start when the baby is ______months old.
•Never put ______food in the baby's ______.
•The first recommended solid food is ______.
•Infant ______cereal is easy to digest and unlikely to trigger an allergic reaction.
•Introduce ______after the baby gets used to vegetables.
•At ______months, the baby's diet will begin to resemble that of the rest of the family’s, with ______meals and ______snacks a day along with ______feedings of breast milk or formula.