UNIT 4 – READING AND LEARNING GUIDE

TOPICS TO KNOW:

  • State the cell theory
  • Calculate the cell’s surface area to volume ratio and explain how it determines cell size
  • Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  • Identify the structures of eukaryotic cells
  • Relate the structure of all eukaryotic organelles to their function
  • Compare and contrast the structures of animal and plant cells
  • Explain how the structure and function of the elements of the cytoskeleton are related
  • Explain how microtubules cause flagellar movement
  • Explain how cells use the cytoskeleton for intracellular trafficking
  • Describe the structure of the extracellular matrix and intracellular junctions in animals
  • Describe the extracellular structures of plant cells
  • Describe the role of the plasmodesmata in plant cell communication
  • Explain why prokaryotes are so diverse
  • Explain the various ways prokaryotes can transfer genes
  • Explain how prokaryotes reproduce
  • Prokaryotic cell structures and their functions – focus on structure and function relationship
  • Identify the structures of prokaryotic cells
  • Summarize the diversity of prokaryotic nutrient metabolism
  • Describe prokaryotic cooperative metabolism
  • Summarize nitrogen fixation
  • Describe how prokaryotes contribute to our lives
  • Describe the fluid mosaic model of membranes
  • Draw and label the parts of the cell membrane and explain the role of each of its components
  • Describe the importance of polarity when determining membrane structure, permeability and protein orientation
  • Discuss the various adaptations that organisms have to maintain membrane fluidity
  • Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis
  • Compare and contrast the behavior of animal and plant cells in hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions
  • Compare and contrast passive and active transport
  • Compare and contrast endocytosis and exocytosis
  • Compare and contrast phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis
  • Recognize the relationship between structure and function in living things
  • Describe the basic levels of organization in animals
  • Identify the different animal cell and tissue types
  • Summarize the role of homeostasis
  • Describe feedback mechanisms used by animals to maintain homeostasis
  • Explain thermoregulation
  • Identify various thermoregulatory mechanisms employed by animals
  • Compare and contrast osmocomformer and osmoregulatory organisms in marine and freshwater environments
  • Explain osmoregulation in land animals
  • Discuss energy use in osmoregulation
  • Describe osmolarity and its role in homeostasis
  • Identify osmotic conditions in various situations
  • Describe the general process of excretion in animals
  • Compare and contrast the excretory system diversity between various organisms.
  • Summarize fluctuating osmotic needs in an organism
  • Describe hormone regulatory mechanisms affecting the kidney
  • Determine the water potential of plant cells
  • Describe how blood glucose concentration is regulated in humans.
  • Describe the causes, consequences and treatment of type I and type II diabetes

TEXT BOOK SECTIONS:

Nature’s Principles – Modules 13-19; 79-82; 123-125; 147;154-157

ON-LINE SOURCES:

  • Motion and structure of flagella --
  • Membrane transport:
  • Diffusion and osmosis:
  • Active transport:
  • Bozeman Biology: including 015-022 (exclude 020) and 043-044

MATH:

  • Water potential calculations
  • Surface area and volume ratio calculations

LAB:

  • Laboratory Investigation 4 – Diffusion and Osmosis
  • Winogradsky Column Lab