Mnemonics for Week 1

Mnemonics for Week 1

Supination vs. Pronation

"SOUPination": Supination is to turn your arm palm up, as if you are holding a bowl of soup.
"POUR-nation": Pronation is to turn your arm with the palm down, as if you are pouring out whatever is in your bowl.
 Alternatively, Pronation donation: Pronation is palm facing downward, as if making a donation.

Erector spinae muscles: “ILove Standing” (from lateral to medial)

Iliocostalis

Longissimus

Spinalis

These muscles help you to stand erect.

Alternatives: “ILove Sex” OR “ILong for Spinach”

-“Sex” helps you think of “Erector”, but “Long” and “Spinach” help you to remember the muscles’ names.

Erector spinae muscles: order

Spinalis is on the spine (most medial).
Iliocostalis is on the ribs (most lateral).
And it's a Long (Longissimus) way between the spine and the ribs!

Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

“Save The Sea Lions”

Suprascapular artery and Suprascapular nerve in reference to the Superior transverse scapular ligament

“Army (artery) goes over the bridge;Navy (nerve) goes under the bridge”

The bridge is the Superior transverse scapular ligament

Rotator cuff muscles: “SITS” (clockwise from top)

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

 A pro baseball pitcher has injured his rotator cuff muscles. As a result, he SITS out for the rest of the game, and then gets sent to the minor leagues.

Axillary Artery branches: “Screw The Lawyer Save APatient” (from proximal to distal)

Superior thoracic arteryor Supreme thoracic artery

Thoracoacromial trunk

Lateral thoracic artery

Subscapular artery (branches into circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery)

Anterior circumflex humeral artery

Posterior circumflex humeral artery These 2 arteries anastomose.

Alternatives: “Some Times Life Seems APain” OR “Send The Lord to Say APrayer”

Thoracoacromial Trunk branches: “CAlifornia Police Department”

Clavicular

Acromial

Pectoral

Deltoid

Alternative: “ABCD”

-Acromial

-Breast (pectoral)

-Clavicular

-Deltoid

OR

 “CAP D”

-Clavicular

-Acromial

-Pectoral

-Deltoid

Serratus anterior (innervation & action): “C5-6-7 raises your wings to heaven”

Say this aloud and it rhymes

C567 injury causes inability to raise arm past 90 degrees up to heaven, and results in a winging of the scapula.
· Long thoracic nerve (cervical roots 5, 6 & 7) innervate Serratus anterior.

Serratus Anterior (innervation and artery): SALT

Serratus Anterior = Long Thoracic nerve

Serratus Anterior = Lateral Thoracic artery

MNEMONICS FOR WEEK 2

Arm fractures: nerves affected by humerus fracture location

ARM fracture: (from proximal to distal)

Axillary nerve: surgical neck of humerus

Radial nerve: mid shaft of humerus

Median nerve: distal end of humerus

Radial Nerve: muscles supplied (simplified)

“BEST muscles”:

Brachioradialis

Extensors

Supinator

Triceps

Elbow: muscles that flex it

Three B’s Bend the elbow:

Brachialis

Biceps brachii

Brachioradialis

Flexor digitorum muscles: how they insert onto fingers

A little rhyme:

Superficialis Splits in two

To Permit Profundus Passing through

Flexor digitorum superficialis flexes at PIP joint

Flexor digitorum profundus flexes at PIP and DIP joint

Brachioradialis: function, innervation, one relation, one attachment

BrachioRadialis:

Function: It’s the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongest when wrist is oriented like holding a beer.

Innervation: Breaks Rule: it’s a flexor muscle, But Radial nerve innervates it. (Radial nerve is usually for extensors)

Relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubital fossa.

Attachment: Attaches to the Bottom of the Radius.

Anterior forearm muscles: superficial flexors

There are 5 digits of your hand.

Place your thumb into your palm, then lay that hand palm down on your other arm.

Your 4 fingers now show distribution.

Spells PFPF: Pass/Fail, Pass/Fail

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Median nerve: hand muscles innervated

“Meat LOAF”:

Median nerve

Lumbricals 1 and 2
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Muscles of the Hand: palmar surface

“All For One And One For All”

· Thenar:
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis.
· Hypothenar:
Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

Interossei muscles of hand: actions of dorsal vs. palmar

“PAD and DAB”

The Palmar interossei ADduct and the Dorsal interossei ABduct.

Use your hand to dab with a pad.

Lumbricals: action

Lumbrical action is to hold a pea, that is to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) and extend the interphalangeal joints (IP).

When you look at the hand in this position, it makes an “L” shape, since L is for Lumbrical.

Carpal bones:

"Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle":
· Proximal row then distal row, both rows lateral-to-medial:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

Alternatively: “Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadavers Hand”

Carpal bones: trapezium vs. trapezoid location

TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapeziOID is inSIDE.

Alternatively, TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapezOID is by its SIDE.

Femoral triangle: NAVEL

Femoral Nerve

Femoral Artery

Femoral Vein

Empty space lymphatics

Lacunar ligament

Pes anserinus: Sgt. AMP

Sartorius: Anterior

Gracilis: Medial

SemiTendinosus: Posterior

Posterior compartment muscles (medial side, posterior to medial malleolus)

Tom, Dick and Harry

Tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Posterior tibial artery

Tibial nerve

Flexor hallucis longus

Alternatively: "Tom, Dick And Nervous Harry".
 Alternatively: "Tom, Dick And Not Harry".

Popliteal fossa: muscles arrangement

The two Semi's go together, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus.
The Membranosus is Medial and since the two semis go together, Semitendinosus is also medial.
Therefore, Biceps Femoris has to be lateral.
Of the semi's, to remember which one is superficial: the Tendinosus is on Top.

Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg

Second letter rule for inversion/eversion
· Eversion muscles:
pErineus longus
pErineus brevis
pErineus tertius
· Inversion muscles:
tIbialis anterior
tIbialis posterior

Leg: anterior muscles of leg

"The Hospitals Are Not Dirty Places"
Tibialis anterior
extensor Hallucis longus
Anterior tibial Artery
deep fibular Nerve
extensor Digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius [fibularis tertius]