Andrew Ubil, Rosalie Cohen

Movement Analysis Project

Andrew Ubil, Rosalie Cohen

Kinesiology

Dr. Biren, Monday/Wednesday 11am-12:15pm

Demographics

Name: Andrew Ubil

Gender: Male

Age: 22

Height: 71 in (180.3 cm)

Weight: 215 lbs (97.7 kg)

BMI: 30

Questionaire

Have you had previous injuries or do you have any current injuries? If you have had injuries when did they occur?

Currently I am dealing with patellar tendonitis in my right knee, in the past I sprained my right foot. My patellar tendonitis has been bothering me for about a month now, I separated my right shoulder twice; once when I was 14 playing football and again when I was 17 playing football and I sprained my foot during a lacrosse game in high school.

Do you have family members that have dealt with injuries in the past? If yes, explain.

My mother has herniated disks in her lower back from a car accident and my father tore his meniscus last yearand got surgery to fix it.

What has your level of activity been from the time you were old enough to play sports?

I played football, baseball, soccer and basketball from the time I was six until I reached high school. In high school I played lacrosse, after high school I began to lift weights and run to keep myself in shape. Overall, I keep myself at a moderate activity level.

Do your injuries effect your level of activity? If yes, explain.

At times, but mostly when I run on back to back days my knee tends to bother me. On the first day I run I can run about 3.5 miles. On that second day if my knee is bothering me, I will be lucky to run two miles.

When your injuries bother you do you continue activity or do you stop activity? If yes, explain.

I always stop my activity, I do not sacrifice further injury for the benefit of performing at a higher level.

When you exercise do you warm up, stretch and cool down? If yes, explain.

Before I start exercising, I always warm up and stretch. I need to get into a better habit of cooling down after exercise.

Movement Goals

• Become more familiar with cooling down after exercise to prevent injury.
• Improve my posture to prevent the increased risk of having herniated disks when I get older.
• Improve my gait to lessen the impact on my knee while I run.
• Find out a way to lessen impact on my knee while doing daily activities.
• Improve my range of motion, specifically my right shoulder
• Improve flexibility in my lower back and hamstrings
• Reduce any restriction I may have that limits my range of motion
• Work on strengthening my under active muscles and stretching my over active muscles

Initial Summary

After reviewing my demographics and my physical and medical history, I found that I am a little overweight for my height and age. However, I lift weights regularly and activity level is not taken into consideration when your BMI is calculated. I also realized that I am at a risk for herniated disks in my lower back and torn ligaments in my knee given my family’s history. I am already having a problem with my knee now and sometimes my lower back bothers me. The risk of these problems can be decreased by achieving my movement goals of improving my posture and learning about how to lessen the impact on my knee when I do daily activities such as walking or squatting. I also learned that I am an active person and have always been since I have been a child. To move towards my movement goals I can start with stretching after exercise and work in a short cool down period when I become more advanced. I can also find an insole for my shoes that will help with reducing impact on my knee while I run and exercise.

Range of Motion Assessment

Cervical Lateral Flexion

Neutral Frontal ViewLeft Side Flexion Right Side Flexion

Cervical Flexion/Extension

Neutral Sagittal View Cervical Flexion Cervical Extension

Cervical Rotation

Neutral Transverse View Cervical Rotation (Left) Cervical Rotation (Right)

Glenohumeral Flexion

Neutral Sagittal View GlenohumeralFlexion (Left) Glenohumeral Flexion (Right)

Glenohumeral Abduction

Neutral Frontal View Abduction (Right)Abduction (Left)

Glenohumeral Internal Rotation

Sagittal Neutral View Internal Rotation (Right) Neutral View Internal Rotation (Left)

Glenohumeral External Rotation

Sagittal Neutral View External Rotation (Right)Neutral View External Rotation (Left)

Hip Flexion

Neutral Sagittal ViewFlexion (Right) Flexion (Left)

Hip Internal Rotation

Neutral Frontal View Internal Rotation (Right) Neutral Frontal View Internal Rotation (Left)

Hip External Rotation

Neutral Frontal View External Rotation (Right) Neutral Frontal View External Rotation (Left)

Straight Leg Raise

Neutral Sagittal ViewStraight Leg Raise (Right Leg) Straight Leg Raise (Left Leg)

Thomas Test

Thomas Test (Left Leg)Thomas Test (Right Leg)

Sit and Reach Test

Neutral (Sagittal View) Sit and Reach Test Performed

Range of Motion Summary

After analyzing all of my ranges of motion, I realized if I want to prevent injury and improper movement I will have to improve on balancing out the range of motion in my body. For example, while I was analyzing the internal and external rotation of my hips, I noticed that my right hip has slightly more range of motion than the left hip. I also noticed while analyzing the cervical lateral flexion, my left side has much more range of motion than my right side. While analyzing my range of motion for glenohumeral external rotation, I noticed that my left shoulder can externally rotate slightly more than my right.These results can be related to poor posture and favoring one side of the body over the other. In the case of the external rotation in my shoulder, I had past injuries to my right shoulder that never healed properly and now certain movements are limited.

After analyzing all of my ranges of motion I also discovered the degrees of motion I have. For my cervical lateral flexion, I have about 60 degrees of motion of the left side and about 45 degrees of motion on the right. The normal range of motion for cervical lateral flexion is 45 degrees for both sides. My range of motion for my cervical flexion was about 60 degrees and for my cervical extension my range of motion was about 45 degrees. The normal ranges of motion are 60 degrees for flexion and 75 degrees for extension. Next my degrees of motion for cervical rotation was about 75 degrees for the right side and about 60 for the left side. The normal range of motion is 80 degrees. For glenohumeral flexion my range of motion was about 145 degrees, the normal range of motion is 170 degrees. My range of motion for glenohumeral abduction was about 170 degrees and the normal range of motion is 170 degrees. The range of motion for glenohumeral internal rotation was about 60 degrees for the right side and about 45 degrees for the left side, the normal range of motion is 70 degrees. My range of motion for glenohumeral external rotation was about 65 degrees for the right side and about 75 degrees for the left side, the normal range of motion is 90 degrees. In my hip flexion my range of motion was about 70 degrees on the right hip and about 75 degrees on the left hip. The normal range of motion is 110 degrees. For the internal rotation of my hip my range of motion was about 45 degrees on the right side and about 35 degrees on the left side. The normal range of motion is 35 degrees for both sides. For the external rotation of my hip my range of motion was about 60 degrees on the right and about 45 degrees on the left. The normal range of motion is 45 degrees. After performing the straight leg raise my range of motion for both legs was about 60 degrees. When I evaluated my Thomas tests, the results came out negative for the left leg and positive for the right leg.

After evaluating all of my ranges of motion, I noticed that for most of my range of motion tests I ended up on the abnormal side. However I did have normal range of motion for a few of my movements. After I evaluated my straight leg raise and sit and reach I noticed that I am not very flexible and that there is room for improvement. I can improve my range of motion and flexibility by stretching daily and not just on days that I exercise. Also if I work on improving my posture, some ranges of motion will improve.

Postural Analysis

Anterior View(Frontal) Posterior View (Frontal) Sagittal View (Right) Sagittal View (Left)

Postural Analysis Summary

After analyzing my posture, I noticed some things that can be related to my previous injuries and if not fixed will restrict my movement in the future. First when I evaluated my anterior view, I noticed that my right shoulder is slightly elevated. This can be related to my previous injury of having a separated right shoulder. Also looking at my anterior view as a result of the elevation in my shoulder my left arm appears to be longer. Next after I analyzed my posterior view, the tilt of the shoulder is more visible, I also noticed that my shoulder girdle looks appears to be protracted. I also noticed my ears are not equally aligned and could be that I have a slight tilt of my head to the left, which could be related to my hypermobility of my cervical lateral flexion to my left side.After analyzing the sagittal view to the right I noticed right away that my ear is not lined up with my shoulder, this may be a result of my protracted shoulder girdle. It appears that my shoulder, hip and knee line up. However, looking at my right foot it appears to be slightly externally rotated. That could be a result of an externally rotated tibia or an externally rotated hip. My sagittal view of my left side appears to be the same, the ear is not lined up with the shoulder and now the left foot is slightly externally rotated.

Overall, after analyzing my posture the main issues I noticed were my titled right shoulder, my protracted shoulder girdle and my slightly externally rotated feet. These issues in my posture could be related to my previous injuries, overactive muscles in my body and underactive muscles in my body. If these issues are not corrected, I am looking at many more years of poor posture and increased risk for more injury in the future.

Overhead Squat Assessment

Anterior View (Frontal) Posterior View (Frontal) Sagittal View (Right) Sagittal View (Left)

Overhead Squat Assessment Summary

After analyzing my Overhead Squat Assessment, I noticed some of the same issues I saw in the postural analysis and a few others. First after I analyzed my anterior view, I noticed that my right foot was externally rotated more than my left. When I looked at both of my patellas, I noticed that my right patella is slightly externally rotated, which is caused by an overactive piriformis in the hip. This could also be related to the patellar tendonitis I have in my right knee. Next, I analyzed my posterior view. One thing I noticed was a slight shift on my right hip. This could be a result of me favoring my right side during my injury and causing my adductors on my right hip to be overactive and my left gluteus medius to be underactive. The posterior view also gives a better look of the right foot being more externally rotated than the left. When I analyzed my sagittal views, I noticed right away that my arms fall forward and that I have an arch in my back. The result of my arms falling forward is an overactive latissimus dorsi and pectoral muscles and underactive middle and lower traps. My posterior deltoids are also underactive. The result of the arch in my back is an overactive erector spinae, hip flexor and latissimus dorsi. My underactive muscles are my hamstrings and anterior core. However, I did notice after further analyzing that my arch in my back and my arms falling forward are more noticeable on the sagittal view of my left side than the sagittal view of my right side.

Overall, the Overhead Squat Assessment gave me a better idea on what muscles are overactive in my body and what muscles are underactive. It also pointed out some of the same issues I had in the postural assessment and showed me a few others, such as the excessive lordosis of my spine and my overactive latsissimusdorsi. To correct most of my issues I will need to stretch my overactive muscles more and work on strengthening my underactive muscles more. If these issues are not fixed, my existing injury will never heal properly and new ones may form as a result.

Gait Analysis (Walking)

Posterior View

Right Foot Heel Strike Right Foot Mid Stance Right Foot Toe off

Left Foot Heel StrikeLeft Foot Mid StanceLeft Foot Toe off

Sagittal View

Right Foot Heel StrikeRight Foot Mid StanceRight Foot Toe off

Left Foot Heel StrikeLeft Foot Mid StanceLeft Foot Toe off

Gait Analysis (Running)

Posterior View

Right Foot Heel StrikeRight Foot Mid StanceRight Foot Toe off

Left Foot Heel StrikeLeft Foot Mid StanceLeft Foot Toe off

Sagittal View

Right Foot Heel StrikeRight Foot Mid StanceRight Foot Toe off

Left Foot Heel StrikeLeft Foot Mid StanceLeft Foot Toe off

Summary

After analyzing my videos and pictures of my gait I found some things that could be related to my goal of improving my gait. After I analyzed my walking gait in the posterior view, I noticed that my right foot is externally rotated during the heel strike stage and the mid stance stage. In addition to the external rotation of my right foot during the mid stance stage I noticed that my foot everts. My left foot also slightly externally rotates during the heel strike stage, but not as much during the mid stance stage. I believe the differences in my gait in my right and left feet are related to my exisiting injury in my right knee, which could relate to the overactive and underactive msucles in my right leg. In addition to those findings, I noticed when I walk my arms do not swing much and sometimes they were not swinging at all. Also, there was one thing I could not understand why it was happening, while I was watching the videos of my walking gait I noticed that during my swing phase my right hip would internally rotate and my foot would land in the center of my body as opposed to lined up with my hip. It only happened once or twice during that time, but I wish I could have gotten a picture of it to analyze it further and possibly find out why it occurs.

Next, I analzyed my running gait and the first thing I noticed was that when I saw the pictures of my running gait I noticed that my right foot does not externally rotate during the heel strike and midstance stages. However, I did notice that my right foot still everts in the mid stance stage. In addition I noticed that my right foot inverts during the heel strike stage. Another thing I noticed was sometimes after my toe off stage my foot is either externally rotated or parallel. I believe this is related to inconsistency in my gait during the toe off and beginning parts of the swing stage. As I analzyed my sagittal view of my right foot I noticed my foot externally rotates during the heel strike stage. My biggest worry about my gait was that I thought my veritcal displacement was too high resulting in the problems I might have with my gait. After watching the videos of my running gait I noticed my vertical displacement was not that high and I do not bounce much at all. I did notice when I run that I lean forward slightly and that my arms cross when I swing them. My arms crossing could be an indication of a weak core or tight shoudlers.

Overall, my gait needs improvement and I believe that my injury in my right knee occurred because of poor gait both walking and running. Some things I need to improve in order for my gait to improve are working on the overactive and underatcive muscles in my leg to fix the external rotation of my right foot specifcally. I also need to work on getting my right knee and hip more stable so during the mid stance stage my knee doesn’t internally rotate. If I improve these things about my gait, I will be able to walk and run more efficently without having to worry about getting injured.

Corrective Exercises for Trunk and Shoulder Complex

Exercise: Plank

Purpose of the Exercise: I chose to do the plank exercise because during my gait analysis I noticed that I have a slight trunk rotation and I also noticed that my arms cross as I become fatigued. This exercise will strengthen my transverse abdominus and will not only prevent trunk rotation and my arms crossing during gait, it will also prevent an excessive lordosis of my spine.

Exercise: Pelvic Tilt w/ Double Leg Lowering

Purpose of the Exercise: I chose to do this exercise because it will teach me how to keep my pelvis in a neutral position and decreasing the risk of an anteriorly or posteriorly tilted pelvis as a result. I also chose to do this exercise because it will strengthen my transverse abdominus. This will result in reducing my trunk rotation during gait and prevent the risk of developing a reduced lordosis.