SupplementaryMaterials:
Manuscript Title:
Dehydrated Basella albaFruit Juice as a Novel Natural Colorant:PigmentStability, In Vivo Food SafetyEvaluation and Anti-inflammatory Mechanism Characterization
Fu-Long Huang1, Robin Y.-Y. Chiou1, Wei-Cheng Chen1,2,Huey-Jiun Ko1,3,Li-Jung Lai1,4, Shu-Mei Lin1,*
1 Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, ROC
2 Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
3 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, ROC
4 Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan, ROC.
Corresponding author: Dr. Shu-Mei Lin, Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, ROC. Tel: +886-5-2717625; Fax: +886-5-2717596; E-mail:
Supplemental Fig. 1 Animal body weigh changes in BACP in vivo safety assessment Young adult ICR mice were gavage-fed saline or BACP saline solution, control (300 µL 0.9% normal saline), APL (250 mg BACP/kg body weight), APM (500 mg BACP/kg body weight), and APH (1000 mg BACP /kg body weight) for 28 days. The body weight of each animal was recorded daily.Body weights of animals ranged from 35.0 to 36.4 g and were not affected by BACP.
Supplemental Fig. 2Histopathological examination of organ tissues from ICR mice fed with BACP. Representative micrographs (100 ×) of heart, liver, lung and kidneys tissue sectionsof ICR mice gavage-fedwith various doses of BACP for 28 days. The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and examined microscopically. BACP did not causeany tissue damage in all organs examined. Control: 0.9 % normal saline; APL: 250 mg BACP/kg/day; APM: 500 mg BACP/kg/day; APH: 1000 mg BACP/kg/day.
Supplemental Fig. 3 Anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of BACP RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 0.5 μg/mL LPS and various concentrations of BACPfor 24 h.The protein expression of (A) iNOS and COX-2, and (B) the activation of IKK/IkB cascade were detected by immunoblot assay. The control group was non- LPS induced. * indicates significantly different from the group with LPS stimulation but without BACP supplementation, p < 0.05.
Supplemental Fig. 4 Effect of BACP on MAPKs expression and activationRAW 264.7 cells were treated with 0.5 μg/mL LPS and various concentrations of BACPfor 24 h.The protein levels of MAPKs including p38, ERK and JNK were detected by immunoblot assay. There was no statistical difference between LPS-stimulated macrophages with and without BACP treatment.
Supplemental Table 1
Organ and body weight ratio of ICR mice orally administered with BACP for 28 days
Organ / body weight (%)Organ / Control / APL / APM / APH
Heart / 0.42 ± 0.03a / 0.40 ± 0.01a / 0.42 ± 0.02a / 0.40 ± 0.03a
Liver / 3.8 ± 0.5a / 3.6 ± 0.1a / 3.9 ± 0.2a / 3.8 ± 0.4a
Spleen / 0.27 ± 0.02a / 0.25 ± 0.02a / 0.23 ± 0.04a / 0.24 ± 0.03a
Lung / 0.52 ± 0.06a / 0.57 ± 0.04a / 0.61 ± 0.10a / 0.56 ± 0.10a
Control: 0.9 % normal saline; APL: 250 mg BACP/kg/day; APM: 500 mg BACP/kg/day; APH: 1000 mg BACP/kg/day. Each value represents mean ± SD (n = 8). Organ/body weight ratio was obtained by organ weight/body weight × 100%. Data with different letters in the same row indicates statistically significant difference at p < 0.05
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