KINE 3350 Practice Test 2
1. The first bioenergetic pathway to become active at the onset of exercise is
A.glycolysis.
B.the ATP-CP system.
C.the Krebs cycle.
D.the electron transport chain.
2. The term oxygen deficit refers to the
A.lag in oxygen consumption at the beginning of exercise.
B.excess oxygen consumption during recovery from exercise.
C.amount of oxygen required to maintain a steady state during constant-load exercise.
D.amount of oxygen utilized by the ATP-PC system in the first few minutes of exercise.
3. Energy to run a maximal 400-meter race (i.e., 50 to 60 seconds) comes from
A.aerobic metabolism exclusively.
B.mostly aerobic metabolism with some anaerobic metabolism.
C.a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with most of the ATP coming from anaerobic sources.
D.the ATP-CP system exclusively.
4. Energy to run a 40-yard dash comes
A.almost exclusively from the ATP-CP system.
B.exclusively from glycolysis.
C.almost exclusively from aerobic metabolism.
D.from a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with most of the ATP being produced aerobically.
5. The energy to perform long-term exercise (i.e., >20 min) comes primarily from
A.aerobic metabolism.
B.a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with anaerobic metabolism producing the bulk of the ATP.
C.anaerobic metabolism.
D.anaerobic metabolism, with the ATP-PC system producing the bulk of the ATP.
6. The lactate threshold is defined as the work rate or oxygen uptake where there is a systematic
A.rise in blood levels of lactic acid.
B.rise in aerobic metabolism.
C.decrease in blood lactic acid concentration.
D.rise in blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase.
7. The lactate threshold is possibly due to
A.a slow rate of glycolysis.
B.recruitment of slow-twitch fibers and a form of LDH that promotes the conversion of lactic acid to pryuvic acid.
C.a reduced rate of removal of lactic acid from the blood.
D.an increased rate of removal of lactic acid from the blood.
8. A respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.95 during steady-state exercise is suggestive of a(n)
A.high rate of carbohydrate metabolism.
B.high rate of fat metabolism.
C.equal rate of fat/carbohydrate metabolism.
D.high rate of protein metabolism.
9. Most of the carbohydrate (e.g., for a rested, well-fed athlete) used as a substrate during exercise comes from
A.muscle glycogen stores.
B.blood glucose.
C.liver glycogen stores.
D.glycogen stored in fat cells.
10. The process of breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol is called
A.beta oxidation.
B.glycogenolysis.
C.lipolysis.
D.lipogenesis.
11. Depletion of carbohydrate stores during exercise influences fat metabolism by
A.increasing the amount of muscle lactic acid production.
B.reducing the amount of pyruvic acid in the sarcoplasm, resulting in a conversion of oxaloacetic acid to pyruvic acid.
C.increasing the rate of fat metabolism.
D.reducing the rate of protein metabolism.
12. It is generally believed that the bulk of the oxygen debt or excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is due to
A.lactic acid conversion to glycogen in the liver.
B.gluconeogenesis.
C.restoration of muscle CP, blood and muscle oxygen stores, and elevated tissue metabolism.
D.low blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
13. The oxygen debt is generally higher following heavy exercise when compared with light exercise because heavy exercise
A.produces more lactic acid.
B.results in greater body heat gained, greater CP depleted, higher blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and greater depletion of blood and muscle oxygen stores.
C.results in a greater level of liver glycogen depletion.
D.is of shorter duration than light exercise.
14. Depletion of muscle glycogen during exercise would result in
A.an increase in fat metabolism.
B.a decrease in fat metabolism due to a reduction in Krebs cycle intermediates.
C.an increased rate of lactate production.
D.an increased production of glucose from fat.
15. Removal of lactic acid following a bout of intense exercise is
A.more rapid if the subject rests, compared to performing light exercise.
B.more rapid if the subject performs heavy exercise (i.e., > 70% VO2 max), compared to rest.
C.more rapid if the subject performs light exercise (i.e., ~ 30% VO2 max), compared to rest.
D.the same whether the subject rests or performs light exercise (i.e., ~ 30% VO2 max).
16. The slow rise in oxygen uptake over time during high-intensity, prolonged exercise is due to
A.high blood levels of lactic acid.
B.rising body temperature.
C.rising blood levels of insulin.
D.the increased amount of work necessary to maintain exercise.
17. Trained individuals have a lower oxygen deficit; this may be due to
A.having a lower VO2 max.
B.having a greater reliance on anaerobic pathways.
C.the involvement of ATP-CP energy system.
D.having a better developed aerobic bioenergetic capacity.
18. Which of the following groups of activities use energy derived predominantly from the ATP-CP system?
A.golf swing, tennis serve, 100-meter run
B.400-meter sprint, 50-meter swim, triple jump
C.gymnastics vault, softball pitch, 800-meter run
D.1500m swim, 5000-meter run, 90-min soccer match
19. The drift upward of VO2 during constant-load exercise in a hot environment is due to
A.rising blood levels of lactate.
B.decreasing blood levels of hormones.
C.increasing body temperature.
D.decreasing body temperature.
20. Lactate is formed and accumulates when the rate of glycolytic production of pyruvate and NADH exceeds the rate at which these products are shuttled into the mitochondria.
TrueFalse
21. An accumulation of H+ in the blood will increase the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) measurement.
TrueFalse
22. A respiratory exchange ratio value of 1.0 would indicate that for each gram of carbohydrate used to make ATP, one gram of protein was also being used.
TrueFalse
23. Blood glucose remains a source of fuel during exercise even after muscle glycogen has been depleted.
TrueFalse
24. Fat contains more energy per gram than carbohydrates; therefore, ATP can be produced more rapidly from fats than from carbohydrates.
TrueFalse
25. Trained individuals usually produce less lactate than untrained individuals when making the transition from rest into a steady state of exercise.
TrueFalse
26. While lactic acid accumulation may contribute to muscle fatigue during exercise, it does not cause the muscle soreness that may occur 24-48 hours after exercising.
TrueFalse
27. Which of the following would increase E.P.O.C.?
A.a higher core body temperature
B.a lower core body temperature
C.Core body temperature does not influence E.P.O.C.
28. Which of the following would increase E.P.O.C.?
A.lower muscle O2 stores
B.higher muscle O2 stores
C.Muscle O2 stores have nothing to do with E.P.O.C.
29. Which of the following would increase E.P.O.C.?
A.a greater intensity of exercise
B.lower intensity of exercise
C.Intensity does not affect E.P.O.C.
30. Which of the following would increase E.P.O.C.?
A.higher concentrations of epinephrine in the blood
B.lower concentrations of epinephrine in the blood
C.Plasma epinephrine does not affect E.P.O.C.
31. Which of the following is true concerning VO2 max?
A.It occurs at a lower intensity of exercise than the lactate threshold.
B.It is the maximal volume of oxygen that can be breathed into the lungs in one minute.
C.It is a valid measure of cardiovascular fitness.
D.It is the highest VO2 achieved during prolonged steady state exercise.
32. We would expect muscle and blood O2 stores to ______slightly during exercise and then ______during recovery.
A.increase, increase
B.decrease, decrease
C.increase, decrease
D.decrease, increase
33. The optimal exercise intensity for burning fat is approximately
A.10-20% of VO2 max.
B.50-60% of VO2 max.
C.90-100% of VO2 max.
D.120-130% of VO2 max.
34. The exercise intensity at which blood levels reach four millimoles per liter is termed the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA).
TrueFalse
35. A hormone that is released from the pancreas at a higher rate during exercise to mobilize liver glucose and adipose tissue fatty acids is
A.glucagon.
B.somatostatin.
C.insulin.
36. Given the importance of maintaining the plasma glucose concentration during exercise, what should happen to insulin secretion during exercise? It should
A.increase.
B.decrease.
37. What happens to the concentration of plasma growth hormone during increasingly intense exercise that favors the mobilization of FFA and reduces tissue use of blood glucose?
A.increases
B.decreases
C.remains the same
38. Glucagon secretion increases during exercise, which decreases liver glycogen stores in order to maintain blood glucose concentration.
TrueFalse
39. The concentration of a hormone can be increased by
A.decreasing the rate at which it is metabolized.
B.increasing the number of receptors.
C.increasing the rate at which it is excreted.
D.increasing the plasma volume.
40. Insulin secretion increases
A.during prolonged exercise.
B.as exercise intensity increases.
C.cellular uptake of carbohydrates.
41. Which of the following hormones is believed to exert a "permissive" effect on the mobilization of glucose from liver and FFA from adipose tissue?
A.epinephrine
B.T3 and T4
C.insulin
D.glucagon
42. The changes in the plasma concentration of most of the hormones during maximal exercise would stimulate fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue. The plasma-free fatty acid concentration, however, actually decreases. Why does this occur?
A.Fatty acid supply is depleted.
B.Hormones are ineffective in maximal work.
C.Lactic acid interferes with fatty acid mobilization.
D.High insulin levels secreted during maximal exercise interferes with fatty acid mobilization.
43. Glucose uptake into exercising skeletal muscles is dramatically increased during exercise due to increased
A.growth hormone secretion.
B.recruitment of glucose transporters (GLUT 4).
C.cortisol secretion.
D.insulin secretion.
44. If the thyroid gland does not produce a sufficient amount of T3 or T4, the resting metabolic rate will
A.increase.
B.decrease.
C.remain the same.
D.not change, since T3 and T4 do not affect the metabolic rate.
45. What is the effect of training on the sympathetic nervous system's response to a fixed submaximal work rate?
A.increases
B.decreases
C.remains the same
46. The decrease in plasma volume and the increase in the osmolality of the plasma during exercise results in what change in antidiuretic hormone?
A.an increase
B.a decrease
C.no change
47. During exercise of about 40% VO2 max, the concentration of plasma cortisol
A.increases.
B.decreases.
C.remains the same.
48. Steroid hormones exert their action by
A.activating adenyl cyclase.
B.stimulating DNA.
C.blocking the effect of cyclic AMP.
D.causing an inflammation response.
49. Blood epinephrine levels increase as exercise intensity increases, but they decrease as exercise duration increases.
TrueFalse
50. Endocrine glands release chemical messengers into the blood via ducts.
TrueFalse
51. While hormones circulate to all tissues, some affect only a few tissues. This is due to the
A.differences between hormones.
B.training state of the subject.
C.type of receptor at the tissue.
D.concentration of the hormone.
52. If growth hormone is secreted (or injected) in large quantities into an adult, it will result in
A.an increase in height.
B.diabetic-like symptoms.
C.dwarfism.
D.hypolipidemia.
53. Chronic exposure to a hormone results in "up regulation" of receptors.
TrueFalse
54. Blood glucose is elevated during exercise as a result of
A.an increase in glucagon secretion.
B.an increase in liver glycolysis.
C.an increase in tissue uptake from the blood.
D.decreased levels of epinephrine.
55. Given the fact that glycogen is mobilized and utilized in active muscles at a faster rate than resting muscles, what is the primary intramuscular factor driving this process?
A.H+
B.Ca++
C.K+
D.C1-
56. Even though the concentration of insulin decreases during exercise, the muscle can still take up large quantities of plasma glucose. This is due, in part, to the recruitment of more glucose transporters.
TrueFalse
57. The mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and glucose from liver glycogen would be stimulated by
A.an increase in insulin and an increase in glucagon.
B.a decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon.
C.an increase in insulin and a decrease in glucagon.
D.a decrease in insulin and a decrease in glucagon.
58. Direct calorimetry is a means of determining energy expenditure and involves the measurement of
A.metabolic oxygen consumption.
B.metabolic heat production.
C.ATP hydrolysis.
D.carbon dioxide production.
59. Mechanical efficiency is defined as
A.work output/energy expended at rest times 100.
B.work performed/energy expended at rest times 100.
C.work output/energy expended times 100.
D.energy expended/work output times 100.
60. What is the total amount of work performed in 5 minutes of cycle ergometer exercise given a pedaling rate of 60 rpm (6 meters per revolution) with 1.5 kg resistance against the flywheel?
A.2700 kpm
B.540 kpm
C.90 kpm
D.45 kpm
61. Indirect calorimetry is a technique for metabolic rate measurement and involves the measurement of
A.metabolic heat production.
B.total sweat rate.
C.metabolic oxygen consumption.
D.none of these
62. A MET is defined as a metabolic equivalent and is equal to
A.resting VO2.
B.50% of resting VO2.
C.200% of resting VO2.
D.VO2 max.
63. Recent evidence suggests that the optimum speed of movement
A.increases as the power output increases.
B.decreases as the power output increases.
C.remains constant as the power output increases.
D.increases as the power output decreases.
64. The most common technique used to measure oxygen consumption in exercise physiology laboratories is
A.closed-circuit spirometry.
B.open-circuit spirometry.
C.direct calorimetry.
D.computer calorimetry.
65. One MET equals resting oxygen consumption, which is approximately 5.3 ml · kg-1 · min-1.
TrueFalse
66. Calculate Mechanical efficiency, given a work output of 600 kpm and an energy expenditure of 7.5 kcal.
A.1.87%
B.20%
C.18.7%
D.15%
67. Work is defined as
A.the ability to transform energy from one state to another.
B.the ability to utilize oxygen.
C.force times distance.
D.distance times power output.
68. Work equals power divided by time.
TrueFalse
69. Power is defined as
A.the ability to perform work.
B.work divided by time.
C.work times force.
D.force times distance.
70. A subject performing a 10-MET activity would have an oxygen consumption of approximately
A.35 ml · kg -1 · min -1.
B.25 ml · kg -1 · min -1.
C.45 ml · kg -1 · min -1.
D.10 ml · kg -1 · min -1.
71. Direct calorimetry measures
A.metabolic rate through oxygen consumption.
B.metabolic rate through heat production.
C.oxygen consumption with open circuit spirometry.
D.oxygen consumption with closed circuit spirometry.
72. Calculate the average power output during 10 minutes of cycle ergometer exercise in which a total of 7500 kpm of work was performed.
A.75 kpm/min
B.7.5 kpm/min
C.750 kpm/min
D.75000 kpm/min