NAME:______Period:______Date:___

Review Guide

1.Bacteria and fungi are known as ______because they break down the remains of organisms.

2. The energy role of a grizzly bear is that of a(n) ______because it cannot make its own food.

3. A diagram called a(n) ______shows how much energy is available at each level of a food web.

4. The least amount of energy is available at the ______level of an energy pyramid.

5 The energy role of the first organism in a food chain is always a(n) ______.

6. An organism that eats only plants is a ______consumer.

7. Water vapor turns into droplets of liquid water in the process of ______.

8. Water from a lake changes to the gas state in the process of ______.

9. Certain bacteria change nitrogen gas into a usable form in a process called ______.

10. Producers use carbon from the gas ______to make sugars and starches.

11. Mountains and deserts that are difficult for organisms to cross are ______barriers to dispersal.

12. The ______biome receives less than 25 centimeters of rain a year and may have large temperature shifts every day.

13. The soil that is frozen all year in the tundra is called ______.

14. The neritic zone over the continental shelf is part of the ______biome.

15. ______species such as lichens are the first to grow in an area with no soil.

16. The type of succession that occurs in an area where an ecosystem previously existed is called ______succession.

17. Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called

18. Which of the following is considered a nonrenewable resource? sunlight or coal

19. Which of the following is considered a renewable resource? iron or sunlight

20. A change to the environment that has a negative effect on living things is called

21. The study of the natural processes that occur in the environment and how humans can affect them is called

22. During the last 3,000 years, the human population has

23. Which of the following would be a cost of drilling for oil in Antarctica?

24. Cutting down only some trees in a forest, leaving a mix of tree sizes and species standing, is called

25. The number of trees that can be harvested from a forest without reducing the future supply is called a

26. If fish are caught faster than they can breed, the population will

27. The number of different species in an area is referred to as its

28. The most diverse ecosystems on Earth are

29 A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem is called a(n)

30 In the last few centuries, the number of species becoming extinct on Earth has

31. If all members of a species disappear from Earth, the species is said to be

32. The loss of a natural habitat is called

33. The exhaust fumes from automobiles are an example of

34. The mating of California condors in zoos is an example of

35. Laws can help protect endangered species by prohibiting

36 YellowstoneNational Park, the world's first national park, is an example of

37. Why are coral reefs such diverse ecosystems?

38. What is true about species that lack a diverse gene pool?

39. The illegal killing or removal of wildlife species is called

40. The nonliving parts of an ecosystem are called

41. The place where an organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs is called its

42. To carry out photosynthesis, algae and plants use the abiotic factors sunlight, carbon dioxide, and

43. All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n)

44. The smallest unit of ecological organization is a single

45. The study of how things interact with each other and with their environment is called

46. Which of the following is an example of a population?

a. / the cats and dogs in your neighborhood
d. / the gray wolves in a forest

47 Population density is defined as

48 If you count 20 beetles in a garden measuring 5 square meters, the population density of the beetles is

49 Counting the number of organisms in a small area and multiplying to estimate the number in a larger area is called

50. The major way in which new individuals are added to a population is through

51. A group of antelope leaving the herd in search of better grassland is an example of

52. Which term refers to an environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing?

53. The largest population that an environment can support is called its

54. An early winter frost preventing further growth in a tomato garden is an example of

55. An organism's particular role, or how it makes its living, is called its

56. The behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment are called

57. The struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources is called

58. By hunting at different times of day, the hawk and owl are able to reduce

59. Which of the following describes an interaction in which one organism kills and eats another?

60. Which of the following is an example of a predator adaptation?

61. When a jellyfish paralyzes a tiny fish with its poisonous tentacles, the fish is the

62. A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is called

63. Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism are the three types of

  1. A hawk building its nest on an arm of the saguaro cactus is an example of