ChabotCollegeFall 2007

Course Outline for Dental Hygiene 74B

DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY II

Catalog Description:

74B - Dental Radiography II1.5 units

Continuation of clinical experience in exposing films, group and individualized criticism of mounted films; principles of Panographic and Digital radiology; special patient needs; occlusal and pedodontic surveys; emphasis on radiographic interpretative skills. Prerequisite: Dental Hygiene 74A (completed with a grade of C or higher). 0.5 hour lecture, 3 hours clinical.
[Typical contact hours: lecture 8.75, clinical 52.5]

Prerequisite Skills:

Before entering the course the student should be able to:

1.communicate the development of radiography in dentistry and its current application in the modern dental office;

2.identify the relationship of radiology with diagnosis, treatment planning, and other phases of dental practice;

3.demonstrate knowledge of:

a. characteristics and properties of x-radiation;

b. the factors and circumstances necessary for x-ray production;

4.distinguish the primary components of a simplified x-ray unit and how they function to affect the x-ray beam;

5.analyze density, contrast, and definition as they relate to image quality;

6.communicate compensating techniques for changes in exposure factors that affect density, contrast, and definition;

7.assess the biological effect of any dose of radiation, recognize x-radiation units, and define the following terms:

a.ionization;

b.Roentgen;

c.rad;

d.exposure;

  1. Dose;
  2. Rem;

g.Curie;

h.Gray;

i.Sievert;

8.apply the principles of radiological health and be conversant about basic principles of radiation protection, inclusive of radiographic selection criteria;

9.identify currently-acceptable methods for reducing x-radiation exposure of the patient and occupationally-exposed dental office personnel;

  1. analyze the critical organ concept and communicate the rationale of the maximum permissible dose (MPD) limits;

11.assess somatic, genetic, and carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure;

12.demonstrate monitoring personnel and maintaining records for exposure to radiation;

ChabotCollege

Course Outline for Dental Hygiene 74B, Page 2

Fall 2007

Prerequisite Skills (continued):

13.identify the guidelines for structural shielding, barriers and materials, location of equipment;

  1. communicate the procedure for reporting an overexposure incident;

15.apply geometric principles for accurate image formation, analyzing and interpreting factors causing distortion;

16.demonstrate appropriate intraoral radiographic techniques in film placement, PID angulation and selection of exposure factors;

17.produce full mouth radiographic surveys for adult dentulous patients presenting simple management problems;

18.identify and demonstrate the protocol for disinfection of equipment and aseptic technique;

19.communicate the criteria as it relates to patient selection, appropriate survey options, film selection and supervision protocol;

20.analyze and compare interproximal and periapical surveys as they relate to:

a.purpose and scope of examination;

b.intraoral techniques; parallel vs. bisecting angle;

21.properly mount and label all radiographs;

22.evaluate all radiographs in terms of technical quality, accuracy and clinical acceptability;

23.evaluate all radiographic errors (technical and processing) and describe the best methods for correcting them;

24.identify a variety of film sizes and their application;

25.identify the component parts of x-ray film and discuss latent image formation;

26.communicate purpose of double packet film utilization;

27.communicate the essential items of darkroom equipment;

  1. communicate the rationale of daily tank and solution care and maintenance;
  2. identify the mechanical components and operation of automatic processors;
  3. communicate the relationship between latent image formation and processing procedures;
  4. demonstrate film processing procedures, including infection control protocols;
  5. identify principal chemical components of processing solutions, and describe functions of each component on exposed and unexposed portions of the film;
  6. identify major types of processing errors and identify potential cause and appropriate remedy;
  7. analyze the essential differences between hand and automatic film processing, and communicate advantages and disadvantages of each;

35.identify procedures, tests, and records necessary to maintain an effective radiographic quality assurance program;

36.demonstrate the proper viewing environment and list various viewing aids;

  1. analyze radiolucencies versus radiopacities as they relate to interpretation skills;
  2. demonstrate use of proper descriptive terminology;
  3. recognize the normal radiographic appearance of developing and mature teeth and their supporting tissues;

ChabotCollege

Course Outline for Dental Hygiene 74B, Page 3

Fall 2007

Prerequisite Skills (continued):

40.recognize the radiographic appearance of maxillary and mandibular anatomic landmarks;

41.identify dental caries and be familiar with common errors in interpretation;

  1. recognize radiographic appearance of common temporary and permanent restorations made from metallic, synthetic, and porcelain restorative materials, in addition to materials used as bases and luting agents;

43.recognize common deficiencies in proximal restorations, including contour, overhanging and deficient margins, broken restorations;

44.assess the limitations and benefits of radiographs in periodontal disease interpretation;

45.interpret radiographic changes associated with:

a.crestal irregularities;

b.bone loss: direction, location, amount;

c.local irritants such as calculus and faulty restorations;

d.malposition of teeth;

  1. identify the following conditions radiographically:

a.microdontia and macrodontia;

b.germination, fusion and concrescence;

  1. anomalies in tooth structure;
  2. supernumerary roots;

e.dilaceration;

f.anodontia;

g.supernumerary teeth;

h.drift and migration;

i.transposition;

j.impaction;

k.delayed eruption;

l.tori;

m.exostosis;

n.attrition;

o.abrasion / erosion;

p.retained roots;

  1. foreign bodies;

47.respond to legal issues concerning dental radiographs;

48.communicate ethics and procedures concerning:

  1. ownership of radiographs;
  2. the patient right to access records;
  3. billing;
  4. loaning or transfer of records;
  1. communicate a knowledge of the Consumer Radiation Health and Safety Act of

1981;

50.communicate state and federal regulations applicable to radiology.

ChabotCollege

Course Outline for Dental Hygiene 74B, Page 4

Fall 2007

Expected Outcomes for Students:

Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:

1.produce full mouth radiographic surveys for patients presenting moderate to difficult management problems; obtain films of diagnostic value for a:

a.pedodontic survey

b.edentulous survey

c.patient special needs

2.analyze and communicate the principles of film duplication;

3.demonstrate duplication of radiographic films;

  1. identify and describe extraoral film types, sizes and cassettes;

5.demonstrate the use of a variety of film holding devices;

6.identify the mechanical parts of the panographic x-ray equipment and the function and operation of each;

7.demonstrate appropriate panographic techniques in film handling, patient positioning and selection of exposure factors;

8.produce diagnostically acceptable panographic surveys on clinic patients;

9.explain the fundametal concepts of digital radiography;

10.identify and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of digital radiography;

11.integrate and expand knowledge of anatomical landmarks to extraoral film surveys;

12.identify and assess technical and processing errors as it relates to:

a.intraoral films;

b.extraoral films;

c.duplication films;

13. communicate and demonstrate proper record keeping as it relates to radiographic concerns.

Course Content:

1.Intraoral radiography techniques

2.Extraoral radiographic techniques

3.Digital radiographic techniques

4.Alternative film holding devices

  1. Anatomical Landmarks

6.Interpretive skills (diagnostic quality)

7.Mounting films

8.Duplicating film

9.The special patient needs

10.Patient records

11.Legal restrictions

Methods of Presentation:

1.Lecture / demonstration

2.Manufacturer’s manuals

3.Audiovisual aids including Dxttr II, Schick Digital System

4.The X-ray clinic patient

5.Class discussion and self-evaluation

6.Group and individual evaluation of films

ChabotCollege

Course Outline for Dental Hygiene 74B, Page 5

Fall 2007

Assignments and Methods of Evaluating Student Progress:

1.Typical Assignments:

  1. Write a brief research essay on infection and engineering controls relevant to dental radiology
  2. Research and collect data on the management and disposal of hazardous radiographic waste as it applies to a local area where you intend to practice as a Registered Dental Hygienist
  3. Short answer essay on research conducted in a private practice addressing radiographic practice techniques and equipment utilization

2.Methods of Evaluating Student Progress:

a.Quizzes and exams including final exam

  1. Class participation
  2. Written and/or oral critiques of radiographic work
  1. Clinical performance

1) patient management

2) exposure, processing and mounting techniques

3) clinic rotational participation

4) clinical proficiencies

e.Affective skills

Textbook(s)(Typical):

Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Johnson, Thomson, 2005 or most recent edition

Special Student Materials:

  1. Gloves
  2. Masks
  3. Safety Glasses
  4. Protective clothing - clinical attire

Revised 10/18/06