Chapter 2:Transplantations and Borderlands

“BIG PICTURE” QUESTIONS FOR SECTIONS I AND II:

1)How did English colonies in the a) Chesapeake and b) New England differ? (use PERSIA) How were they similar?

  1. The Early Chesapeake
  2. The Founding of Jamestown—When was Jamestown founded? What was the site for Jamestown like?
  3. Early Problems—What problems faced the Jamestown settlers? Why did they not try to produce food? Why did a “society” fail to form?
  4. John Smith—How did John Smith reform Jamestown?
  5. Reorganization—How did the Virginia Company lure more settlers to Jamestown?
  6. The Starving Time—Why was 1609 called “the starving time”?
  7. De La Warr’s Harsh Discipline—Who was De La Warr and how did he lead Jamestown?
  8. Tobacco—How was tobacco introduced to Europe?
  9. Emergence of the Tobacco Economy—How did tobacco production transform Chesapeake society?
  10. Expansion
  11. The Headright System—What was a “headright” and how did it help recruit people to the Chesapeake? What two important events occurred in Virginia in 1619?
  12. Suppression of the Powhatan Indians—How did Native Americans resist European expansion?
  13. Demise of the Virginia Company—What happened to the Virginia Company and Virginia itself?
  14. Exchanges of Agricultural Technology
  15. Indian Agricultural Techniques—What agricultural techniques did the Jamestown settler learn from the Indians?
  16. Maryland and the Calverts—Who was George Calvert and why did he found Maryland?
  17. Proprietary Rule—What did “Proprietary Rule” mean in Maryland?
  18. Religious Toleration—Why did Maryland institute religious toleration? Who were tolerated?
  19. Turbulent Virginia
  20. Virginia’s Westward Expansion—As the colony grew, what was the most important dispute in Virginia? Who was William Berkeley, and what agreement did he make with the Indians? Why did that agreement fail?
  21. Berkeley’s Autocratic Rule—What complaints did some people have about Berkeley’s rule?
  22. Bacon’s Rebellion—Who was Nathaniel Bacon?
  23. Backcountry Grievances—What complaints did settlers in the west (backcountry) have? What did they do?
  24. Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion—What were three major outcomes of Bacon’s Rebellion? How did it change the labor system in Virginia?
  25. The Growth of New England

1. Religious Repression—How were Separatists treated in England?

  1. Plymouth Plantation—When and how did Separatists (Pilgrims) come to America?
  2. The Mayflower Compact—What was the Mayflower Compact? Why did the Separatists feel the need to sign it? In what ways did the Pilgrims profoundly change the landscape of New England?
  3. Relations with the Indians—How were the Pilgrims’ experience with Indians different from English settlements in the Chesapeake?
  4. William Bradford—Who was William Bradford and what did he do?
  5. The Puritan Experiment
  6. Massachusetts Bay Company—Why was the company founded?
  7. John Winthrop—Who mostly settled in Massachusetts Bay?
  8. The Congregational Church—How were Congregational churches run? What religious beliefs did Puritans hold? How were the Puritans to be a “city on a hill”?
  9. A Theocratic Society—How were church and state combined in Massachusetts Bay? How did a sense of community develop, and how did population grow?
  10. The Expansion of New England
  11. Growing Religious Dissent—What happened to people in Massachusetts Bay who were not members of the Puritan faith? How was Thomas Hooker and what did do?
  12. Roger Williams—What did Roger Williams believe about church and state? How did Rhode Island operate differently?
  13. Anne Hutchinson—How did Anne Hutchinson upset Puritan leaders? What happened to her?
  14. New Hampshire and Maine—How were New Hampshire and Maine formed?
  15. Settlers and Natives—What happened to the Indian population in New England? Who were “praying Indians”?
  16. Importance of Indian Assistance—How did Native Americans help New Englanders early on?
  17. Shifting Attitudes—In what two ways did Puritans often deal with the Indian “problem”?
  18. The Pequot War, King Philip’s War, and the Technology of Battle
  19. The Pequot War—When was it, what caused the war and what happened to the Pequots?
  20. King Philip’s War—What was another name for “King Philip”? By the 1670s, what did King Philip realize? How many white males died in the war? What happened to the Indians?
  21. Flintlock Musket—How did technology affect the battles between whites and Indians?

“BIG PICTURE” QUESTIONS FOR SECTION III:

1)How “English” were the middle colonies? (Think about religious and ethnic diversity)

  1. The Restoration Colonies—What were the first 6 British colonies on the American mainland?
  2. The English Civil War
  3. Origins—Why was there so much resistance to Charles I? Who were the two sides in the English Civil War? What happened to Charles I? Who won?
  4. New Proprietary Colonies—What was the “Restoration”? What colonies did Charles II grant in America, and why? What were the goals of these new colonies?
  5. The Carolinas
  6. Incentives for Settlement—What were 3 incentives for getting settlers to come to the Carolinas?
  7. Fundamental Constitution for Carolina—What were some important differences between northern and southern Carolina?
  8. North and South Carolina—How were North Carolina and South Carolina formed?
  9. New Netherland, New York, and New Jersey—Who originally settled New York?
  10. Capture of New Amsterdam—How did New Amsterdam become New York? How were land and power distributed in New York?
  11. Establishment of New Jersey—When did New Jersey become a royal colony? Who settled New Jersey?

D.The Quaker Colonies

1. The Society of Friends—Where did Quakers originate? How were Quakers different from Puritans? Why were Quakers unpopular in England?

2. Pennsylvania Founded—How was Pennsylvania founded? What did Penn believe about the Indians?

“BIG PICTURE” QUESTIONS FOR SECTION IV:

1)How did England’s southernmost colonies attract settlers?

2)How much attention did Spain pay to its northernmost possessions in North America?

  1. Borderlands and Middle Grounds
  2. The Caribbean Islands
  3. The English Caribbean—How were the Caribbean Islands important to the British?
  4. Imperial Conflict—What empires battled over the Caribbean?
  5. Sugar and Slavery—How did sugar production influence labor patterns?
  6. Masters and Slaves in the Caribbean
  7. Slave Revolts—Why were slave revolts possible in the Caribbean?
  8. Unstable Societies—Why were Caribbean societies unstable?
  9. Connection to British North America—In what ways was the Caribbean connected to British North America?
  10. The Southwestern Borderlands—What was the largest city in the Americas?
  11. Spain’s Northern Colonies—What were Spain’s northern colonies? What were they like?
  12. California—Why did the Spanish move to settle California? What were some of their settlements?
  13. Importance of the Spanish Borderlands—How did the Spanish view natives in the lands that they claimed?
  14. The Southeastern Borderlands—What tensions existed in the Southeast?
  15. Hostilities in the Southeast—How did Florida eventually end up in English possession?
  16. The Founding of Georgia
  17. James Oglethorpe’s Vision—For what two reasons was Georgia founded?
  18. Georgia’s Military Rationale—What were the rules that were in place in Georgia?
  19. Transformation of Georgia—What happened to the rules that Oglethorpe had placed on Georgia?
  20. Middle Grounds—In what form did many white/Native American relations take place?

“BIG PICTURE” QUESTIONS FOR SECTION V:

1)How did England try to gain more control over its North American colonies?

2)What was the result, in England AND in North America?

  1. The Evolution of the British Empire—How had most colonies developed? How did the English want to change them?
  2. The Drive for Organization
  3. Mercantilism—What was mercantilism, and how was it supposed to benefit the mother country? Why did colonists not like it?
  4. The Navigation Acts—What were the Navigation Acts intended to do?
  5. The Dominion of New England—What was the Dominion of New England and what was it supposed to accomplish?
  6. The “Glorious Revolution”—Why did England have this revolution, and what made it “glorious”?
  7. End of the Dominion—What happened to the Dominion of New England and Governor Andros? What powers did the monarchs retain for themselves over Massachusetts?
  8. John Coode’s Rebellion—What were the results of the Glorious Revolution for the colonies?