Corrections to Kail/Cavanaugh’s CengageNOW Pre- and Post-Tests:
Chapter 1 Posttest
Learning Objective: 1.1A
24. Which of the following refers to a person's beliefs about his or her own abilities and talents?
A. self-reflection
B. self-identity
C. self-evaluation
D. self-efficacy
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. Self-efficacy is the correct response. (See page 13)
B. Incorrect. Self-efficacy is the correct response. (See page 13)
C. Incorrect. Self-efficacy is the correct response. (See page 13)
D. Correct.
Type: Conceptual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 2 Pretest
Learning Objective: 2.1C
5. ______refers to the fact that the same genes can produce different ______.
A. Extra-chromosomal; genotypes
B. Extra-chromosomal; phenotypes
C. Reaction range; genotypes
D. Reaction range; phenotypes
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. The reaction range means the same genes can produce different phenotypes. (See page 50)
B. Incorrect. The reaction range means the same genes can produce different phenotypes. (See page 50)
C. Incorrect. The reaction range means the same genes can produce different phenotypes. (See page 50)
D. Correct.
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Difficult
Chapter 3 Pretest
Learning Objective: 3.1C
5. In order to prevent SIDS, the AAP recommends infants be put to sleep ______.
A. on their side
B. on their back
C. on their front
D. with their head slightly elevated
Analysis:
A. Correct.
B. Correct.
C. Incorrect. Although the campaign “Back to Sleep” stresses placing infants on their backs, the AAP also recommends infants be put to sleep on their sides. (See page 88)
D. Incorrect. Although the campaign “Back to Sleep” stresses placing infants on their backs, the AAP also recommends infants be put to sleep on their sides. (See page 88)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 3 Pretest
Learning Objective: 3.2D
9. At around ______, axons begin to acquire ______, the fatty covering of neurons.
A. four months prenatal; myelin
B. birth; callosum
C. six months old; neural plate
D. five months prenatal; pruning
Analysis:
A. Correct.
B. Incorrect. The corpus callosum is a brain structure. (See page 97)
C. Incorrect. The neural plate is the embryological structure of the brain. (See page 97)
D. Incorrect. Synaptic pruning occurs when synapses disappear. (See page 97)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 3 Posttest
Learning Objective: 3.1C
4. Julie, a newborn, sleeps an average amount. About how many hours a day is she sleeping?
A. 9
B. 11
C. 13
D. 16
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. Newborns average 16-18 hours of sleep per day. (See page 87)
B. Incorrect. Newborns average 16-18 hours of sleep per day. (See page 87)
C. Incorrect. Newborns average 16-18 hours of sleep per day. (See page 87)
D. Correct.
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 8 Pretest
Learning Objective: 8.1A
3. Girls' peak growth rate is typically at about ______years.
A. 12
B. 13
C. 14
D. 15
Analysis:
A. Correct.
B. Incorrect. Girls’ peak growth rate is at about 12 years. (See page 295)
C. Correct. Girls’ peak growth rate is at about 12 years. (See page 295)
D. Incorrect. Girls’ peak growth rate is at about 12 years. (See page 295)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 8 Posttest
Learning Objective: 8.3B
14. Klaczynski and Narasimham cited ______as a reason adolescents did not use scientific thinking.
A. self-esteem protection
B. attitudinal consistency
C. an inability to use scientific thinking
D. lack of motivation
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. The researchers did not cite self-esteem protection as the reason why adolescents did not use scientific thinking, they cited inconsistent beliefs. (See page 313)
B. Correct.
C. Incorrect. Adolescents are capable of using scientific thinking. (See page 313)
D. Incorrect. The researchers did not cite lack of motivation as the reason why adolescents did not use scientific thinking. (See page 313)
Type: Conceptual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 9 Pretest
Learning Objective: 9.2B
8. People younger than 24 account for what percentage of new cases of AIDS?
A. 50
B. 25
C. 20
D. 15
Analysis:
A. Correct.
B. Incorrect. About 50% of new cases of AIDS occur in those younger than 24. (See page 335)
C. Incorrect. About 50% of new cases of AIDS occur in those younger than 24. (See page 335)
D. Incorrect. About 50% of new cases of AIDS occur in those younger than 24. (See page 335)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 11 Pretest
Learning Objective: 11.1A
5. Which of these refers to women who are victims of systematic violence from men?
A. abusive relationships
B. battered woman syndrome
C. common couple violence
D. patriarchal terrorism
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. An abusive relationship is one in which one person becomes aggressive toward the partner. (See page 404)
B. Incorrect. Battered woman syndrome occurs when a woman believes she cannot leave the abusive situation and may go as far as to kill her abuser. (See page 404)
C. Incorrect. Common couple violence is violence that occurs occasionally and that can be instigated by either partner. (See page 404)
D. Correct.
Chapter 11 Posttest
Learning Objective: 11.4A
19. In divorces settled outside court, the woman gets custody of the children ______percent of the time.
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. In uncontested divorces, the woman gets custody of the children about 70% of the time. (See page 424)
B. Correct.
C. Incorrect. In uncontested divorces, the woman gets custody of the children about 70% of the time. (See page 424)
D. Incorrect. In uncontested divorces, the woman gets custody of the children about 70% of the time. (See page 424)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate – MATERIAL NOT COVERED IN THE TEXT
Chapter 11 Posttest
Learning Objective: 11.4A
20. Typically, how many years after a divorce do people wait to remarry?
A. two years
B. three years
C. four years
D. seven years
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. People typically wait longer than this. (See page 425)
B. Incorrect. People typically wait longer than this. (See page 425)
C. Correct.
D. Incorrect. People typically don't wait this long. (See page 425)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate – MATERIAL NOT COVERED IN THE TEXT
Chapter 12 Pretest
Learning Objective: 12.4A
17. Among mothers with a high work attachment, what was the primary reason for returning to work?
A. intrinsic personal achievement
B. extrinsic personal achievement
C. husband's wishes
D. financial needs
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. Financial need tends to be the reason mothers with a high work attachment return to work. (See page 452)
B. Incorrect. Financial need tends to be the reason mothers with a high work attachment return to work. (See page 452)
C. Incorrect. Financial need tends to be the reason mothers with a high work attachment return to work. (See page 452)
D. Correct.
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 12 Posttest
Learning Objective: 12.2C
9. About what percentage of senior managers for the Fortune 500 companies are women?
A. 1%
B. 5%
C. 10%
D. 25%
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. The percentage is higher than this. (See page 443)
B. Correct.
C. Incorrect. The percentage is lower than this. (See page 443)
D. Incorrect. The percentage is lower than this. (See page 443)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate – MATERIAL NOT COVERED IN THE TEXT
Chapter 13 Posttest
1. More than ______women in the United States have osteoporosis.
A. 8 million
B. 20 million
C. 30 million
D. 40 million
Analysis:
A. Correct.
B. Incorrect. Approximately 8 million women have osteoporosis. (See page 468)
C. Incorrect. Approximately 8 million women have osteoporosis. (See page 468)
D. Incorrect. Approximately 8 million women have osteoporosis. (See page 468)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 13 Posttest
Learning Objective: 13.1D
24. When the process of thinking connects to the products of thinking, ______has occurred.
A. coping
B. encapsulation
C. expertise
D. fluid intelligence
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. "Encapsulation" is the correct answer. (See page 484)
B. Correct.
C. Incorrect. "Encapsulation" is the correct answer. (See page 484)
D. Incorrect. "Encapsulation" is the correct answer. (See page 484)
Type: Conceptual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 15 Pretest
Learning Objective: 15.3B
13. Women who have husbands in poor health are ______likely to retire.
A. less
B. equally
C. more
D. more research needs to be done
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. The text indicates that neither women nor men have much influence on a partner's decision to retire. (See page 567)
B. Incorrect. The text indicates that neither women nor men have much influence on a partner's decision to retire. (See page 567)
C. Correct.
D. Incorrect. The text indicates that neither women nor men have much influence on a partner's decision to retire. (See page 567)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate – MATERIAL NOT COVERED IN THE TEXT
Chapter 15 Pretest
Learning Objective: 15.5A
22. What percentage of adults 65 to 74 need help with ADLs?
A. less than 5%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. more than 25%
Analysis:
A. Correct.
B. Incorrect. The percentage is lower than this. (See page 578)
C. Incorrect. The percentage is lower than this. (See page 578)
D. Incorrect. The percentage is lower than this. (See page 578)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate – MATERIAL NOT COVERED IN THE TEXT
Chapter 15 – Posttest
Learning Objective: 15.3B
13. A man with a wife in poor health is ______likely to retire.
A. less
B. equally
C. more
D. More research needs to be done.
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. The text indicates that neither women nor men have much influence on a partner's decision to retire. (See page 567)
B. Correct.
C. Incorrect. The text indicates that neither women nor men have much influence on a partner's decision to retire. (See page 567)
D. Incorrect. The text indicates that neither women nor men have much influence on a partner's decision to retire. (See page 567)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Difficult - MATERIAL NOT COVERED IN THE TEXT
Chapter 16 Pretest
Learning Objective: 16.1A
2. Characteristics of brain death include all of the following except
A. no spontaneous movement in response to stimuli.
B. spontaneous respirations.
C. no eye movement.
D. no motor reflex.
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. No spontaneous movement in response to stimuli is characteristic of brain death. (See page 596)
B. Correct.
C. Incorrect. No eye movement is characteristic of brain death. (See page 596)
D. Incorrect. No motor reflex is characteristic of brain death. (See page 596)
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter 16 Posttest
Learning Objective: 16.3B
14. ______tend to suffer more health consequences after bereavement.
A. Adolescents
B. Younger adults
C. Midlife adults
D. Older adults
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. Middle-aged adults suffer the greatest health consequences after bereavement. (See page 614)
B. Incorrect. Middle-aged adults suffer the greatest health consequences after bereavement. (See page 614)
C. Correct.
D. Incorrect. Middle-aged adults suffer the greatest health consequences after bereavement. (See page 614)
Type: Factual
Chapter 16 Posttest
Learning Objective: 16.4A
17. What percentage of adolescents have lost a family member or friend in the last two years?
A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 35%
D. 50%
Analysis:
A. Incorrect. More than 15% of adolescents have lost a family member or friend in the last two years. (See page 623)
B. Incorrect. More than 25% of adolescents have lost a family member or friend in the last two years. (See page 623)
C. Incorrect. More than 35% of adolescents have lost a family member or friend in the last two years. (See page 623)
D. Correct.
Type: Factual
Difficulty: Moderate – MATERIAL NOT COVERED IN THE TEXT