Lesson 1 Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails

Chapter 13

Personal Health Care

Lesson 1 Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails

Skin

·  the ______organ of the body

·  has 2 main layers:

o  ______– the outer, thinner layer of the skin that is composed of ______and ______cells

§  cells in this layer make substances called ______which make the skin ______

-  helps the body maintain a proper balance of ______and ______

-  ______, a pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes their ______and protects body from harmful ______radiation is also produced here

o  ______– the thicker layer of the skin beneath the epidermis that is made up of

connective tissue (gives skin its elasticity) and contains blood vessels (supply

cells with oxygenated ______and ______and help remove ______

from body cells) and nerves

-  ______glands – produce an oily secretion called ______→ helps keep skin and hair from drying out

o  ______layer – a layer of ______and connective tissue below the dermis that

attaches the top two layers to muscle and bone

Functions of the Skin

·  ______

-  from pathogens and internal damage

-  acts as a barrier to prevent ______and ______from entering your system

-  skin repairs itself

·  ______

-  body temperature increases → blood vessels in skin ______, allowing heat to escape through the skin’s ______

-  ______– structures within the dermis that release ______through ducts to pores on the skin’s surface – cool the skin

-  body temperature drops → blood vessels ______, reducing the amount of heat lost and helping to ______body heat

·  ______

-  body’s major sense organ

-  ______cells in dermis act as receptors that are stimulated by changes in the outside

environment → enable you to feel ______, ______, ______and ______

Keeping Your Skin Healthy

·  Wash your face every ______and ______with mild soap and water.

·  ______washing, bathing, or showering help remove and slow the growth of ______that cause body odor.

·  Avoid touching your face with your ______. This can introduce new ______to the skin’s surface.

·  Choose personal skin care products carefully to avoid ______and the chance of ______reaction.

·  Follow a ______eating plan that is rich in vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin A. Milk, green and yellow vegetables, and liver are good for healthy skin.

UV Protection

-  a suntan is a sign that the skin has been ______by UV rays

-  melanin production ______when skin is exposed to UV rays → skin’s way of trying to ______itself

-  prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to ______

-  ways to protect yourself:

o  Always wear sunscreen on exposed areas of skin

§  use SPF ______or higher that blocks UVB and UVA rays

§  apply ______minutes before going outside

o  wear protective clothing – hats, long-sleeved shirts and long pants

§  UV rays most ______between 10:00 A.M. and 4:00 P.M. – even stronger at higher altitudes

o  wear sunglasses

o  ______using tanning beds

Body Piercing and Tattooing

-  both carry potential risks because they ______the physical barrier of the skin

-  can transfer a ______infection or blood-borne pathogen from viruses like ______B and C and HIV through ______needles

-  oral piercings can ______your mouth and teeth

-  may impact social health by limiting future job ______and relationships

Common Skin Problems

·  Acne

-  ______in skin gets clogged, ______causes inflammation, pus forms

-  treatment: wash face ______daily, apply over-the-counter treatments, avoid using ______products or too much makeup

-  touching and picking may cause ______

-  extreme cases may require prescription meds

·  Warts

-  cause by a ______

-  most commonly on hands, feet and face

-  spread through ______contact with another person’s wart

·  Dermatitis, or eczema

-  inflamed or scaly patch of skin, usually from an allergic reaction

-  keep area ______to help reduce irritation

-  prescription meds may be used to treat dermatitis

·  Fungal infections

-  ringworm and athlete’s foot can spread by contact with skin or infected clothing, or in public showers

-  keep infected area ______and ______and treat with over-the-counter medicines

·  Boils

-  form when ______(sacs or cavities that surround the roots of hairs) become infected

-  tissue is inflamed and pus forms

-  bursting or squeezing them can ______infection

-  treatment: draining pus and taking ______

·  ______

-  patches of skin lose melanin and have no pigment

-  areas extremely susceptible to burning when exposed to ______

·  Moles

-  most are ______

-  certain types may develop into ______– the most serious form of skin cancer which can be deadly

-  ______detection and treatment are critical in controlling the spread of the cancer

-  regularly check the appearance of moles looking for:

§  A – ______: no matching halves

§  B – ______: suspect moles have irregular edges

§  C- ______: intensely black , with possible bluish tint, uneven color

§  D – ______: wider across than a pea

Hair

-  ______skin from UV radiation and helps maintain body heat

-  grows on every surface of skin except ______and ______of ______

-  more than ______hairs on your head

-  although hair is composed of ______cells, living cells in epidermis make new hairs and cause hair growth

-  ______and ______protect eyes from dust and other particles

-  healthy hair begins with well-balanced diet

-  daily ______keeps dirt from building up and helps distribute natural oils

-  regular ______keeps hair healthy

-  limit harsh chemical treatments such as dyes, bleach, or permanents

-  avoid excessive use of heating irons or hot combs

Hair Problems

·  ______

-  dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes when the scalp becomes too dry

-  usually can be treated with over-the-counter dandruff ______

·  Head lice

-  tiny parasitic ______that live in the scalp hair of humans

-  feed on ______by biting through skin

-  can infect anyone

-  mainly ______by head-to-head contact or by using objects (brushes, hats, combs) used by an infected person

-  medicated shampoo is used to kill them

-  ______sheets, pillowcases, combs and hats with hot water and soap

-  vacuum frequently

·  Nails

-  help ______fingers and toes

-  made up of closely packed dead cells containing ______

-  cells beneath the root of the nail divide and multiply, causing the nail to ______

-  keep nails clean and evenly ______→ helps prevent split nails, hangnails and ingrown toenails

-  cuts, splits, or breaks in the skin around the nail allows pathogens into the body and may lead to ______and ingrown nails

-  keep nails short to reduce risk of ______under the nails