Name______Date______Hour_____
Matter Webquest
TASK #1: What Do You Know Already?
Complete this Matter Pre-Test (All About Matter):
http://www.vtaide.com/png/matter.htm
Rate this Pre-Test (circle one):
1(I had to fix a lot of my answers) 2 (I had to fix some of my answers) 3 (I had to fix 1 or 2 answers)
1. What topic do you need the most help with?
2. What is one question you want answered?
TASK #2: Matter, States of Matter, and the Changes of Matter
Go to http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_states.html and answer the questions below by using this website. REMEMBER TO USE THE TABS ON THE SIDE ALSO. QUESTIONS ARE MIXED UP!
1. Define Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space.
2. What are the five states of matter? Which three are most common?
Solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Eintein Condensates. Most common are solids, liquids, and gases.
3. ______Gases______hold huge amounts of energy, and their molecules are spread out as much as possible.
4. Rust is an example of a ______chemical______change.
5. Breaking chemical bonds (for example breaking the bonds in water) is an example of a ___chemical____ change.
6. What is another word for gas?______vapor______
7. ____Water____ is a special molecule. It has more ___space_____ in between its molecules when frozen, therefore it is less dense in its ____solid_____ state than in its liquid state.
8. Melting a sugar cube is a ______physical______change because the bonds in the sugar are not being altered…the substance is still sugar!
9. Draw particle visualizations of the three states of matter below.
10. When you reach ___boiling____ point, you have enough energy to turn from a liquid into a gas.
11. _____Plasmas_____ are a lot like gases, but the atoms are different because they are made up of free electrons and ions of the element.
12. The atoms inside a ____solid____are not allowed to move around too much.
13. What are these changes in state called? Fill in the following chart. Also, write in the third column whether the particles are gaining or losing energy during these phase changes. (HINT: Think about if the particles end up with more or less energy after the phase change.)
Particles
gaining or
Name of State Change losing energy?
Solid to Liquid / Fusion (or melting) / GainingLiquid to gas / Boiling/vaporization / Gaining
Gas to liquid / Condensing / Losing
Liquid to solid / Freezing / Losing
Solid to gas / Sublimation / Gaining
Gas to solid / Desposition / Losing
14. a. Label the following diagram (on each arrow) with the proper change of state (Use all of the changes of state from the chart above in the second column.)
b. When matter cools, energy is released from the particles into their surroundings. When matter warms, particles are absorbing heat from the surroundings. Label the arrows below: label one with the phrase, “Absorbing Energy” and the other with “Releasing Energy.”
Absorbing Energy
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Releasing Energy
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TASK #3: Matter
Go to http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0832242.html to answer the questions below. Use titles under “Sections in this Article” to find the answers. They are all mixed up too!
1. Name four properties of matter with their definitions. (You may need to research these definitions):
a. ductility- the ability to be pulled into wire.
b. malleability- The ability to be pounded into sheets.
c. hardness- a measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change when a compressive force is applied.
d. elasticity- the ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed; stretchiness
e. porosity- The measure of open spaces in a material.
2. The _____atom______is considered the basic unit of any element.
3. Describe the difference between an element and a compound. Give an example of each. You may have to do a little research.
An element is only made of one type of atom where as a compound is made of two or more atoms.
4. In a ____physical____ change, such as a change of state (i.e. from a solid to a liquid), the substance as a whole changes, but it’s underlying structure remains the same.
TASK #4: Describing The Particle Motion of States of Matter
Have fun at this site watching the substance change states.
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/index.html
1. Observe the gas particles in the magnifier. Describe the motion of gas particles in your own words.
Rapid random motion.
2. Observe the liquid particles in the magnifier. Describe the motion of liquid particles in your own words.
Particles move slower than a gas. They are able to slide past eachother.
3. Observe the solid in the magnifier. Describe the motion of solid particles in your own words.
Vibrating in fixed positions.
4. Which state of matter has the most kinetic energy? Which state of matter has only vibrational energy?
Gases. Solids.
TASK #5: Observations about Phase Changes
Melting/Heating Experiment—You can start it from the beginning as many times as necessary to help you see the change in temperature. http://harcourtschool.com/activity/hotplate/index.html
Once on this site, select the pink or green material. (Circle which one you selected.)
1. What was the melting point? Pink: 47°C Green: 30°C
2. What was the boiling point? ? Pink: 143°C Green: 121°C
3. Sketch the graph that was created. Label the areas on your sketch where it melted and where it boiled.
4. What did you observe happening to the temperature when the substance was changing state?
The temperature did not rise. It remained constant.
5. What happened to the temperature once the entire sample melted? Boiled?
The temperature began to rise again after both.
TASK #6: Describing States of Matter
Fill in the chart below using this site as a reference. http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html
Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids, and Solids and Microscopic Explanation for the BehaviorGas / Liquid /
-Assumes the shape and volume of its container
-Particles can move past one another. / -particles can move/slide past one another. / -Retains a fixed volume and shape.
-rigid—particles locked into place
Compressible / Not easily compressible
-Little free space between particles. / Not easily compressible
-little free space between particles
Flows easily
-Particles can move past one another. / Flows easily
-particles can move/slide past one another. / rigid-particles cannot move/slide past one another.
TASK #7: Chemical vs. Physical Changes
Read about Physical/Chemical Changes and take notes from this website. http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/chem0010/unit2/2.3_changes.htm#
1. What is a physical change?
When a substance changes its physical form or appearance but not its basic composition.
2. Name three examples of physical changes and provide reasoning as to why they are considered physical changes (and not chemical).
a. cutting a piece of paper
b. ice melting
c. boiling water
Reasoning: In all examples above, the changes can be made but none of them change the chemical structure of the substance. Therefore, they are all physical changes.
3. What is a chemical change? When matter is transformed completely into different materials and new substances are formed.
4. Name three examples of chemical changes and provide reasoning as to why they are considered chemical changes (and not physical).
a. iron turning into rust in moist air
b. extracting sulfur from car battery acid
c. over time, a battery loses its charge
d. digesting food
Reasoning: In these processes, the final product is chemically different than what was started with.
5. What is the MAIN difference between a chemical change and a physical change?
A physical change does not change the identity of the substance, but a chemical change does.
6. Matter can be classified into two categories: a __pure____ substance or a __mixture_____.
a. There are two types of pure substances. Define and give examples of both.
Element- Cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. They all can be found individually on the periodic table.
Compound- A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined.
b. Define what a mixture is and give an example.
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances. For example, a mixture of NaCl and sand. Or Vinegar and Oil.
c. Mixtures can be placed into two categories, heterogenous or homogenous. Define and give two examples of both types.
i. Homogenous Mixture-are solutions which have uniform composition and appearance throughout. A solution may be gaseous (eg - air), solid (eg - brass) or liquid (eg - seawater). If a spoonful of sugar is dissolved in a glass of water, the composition of the sugar solution becomes the same in the glass. The sugar will not settle out and every spoonful of sugar solution that is removed from the glass will have the same composition. If the water in the glass is evaporated to dryness, the sugar retains its identity and can be recovered.
ii. Heterogenous Mixture-are mixtures that do not have uniform composition and appearance
throughout. The individual components which make up the mixture remain physically separated and
can be seen as separate components. If a spoonful of sand is introduced in a glass of water, even
after considerable stirring, the sand will settle to the bottom of the glass. Visually, the sand will
separate out and the composition of sand in the glass will be the greatest at the bottom of the glass.
Any attempts to withdraw spoonfuls of sand and water will have varying composition of each
Substance.
TASK #8: Chemical vs. Physical Properties
Go to this website and read the content. http://chemistry.about.com/od/generalchemistry/ss/11th-Grade-Chemistry-Notes-And-Review_2.htm
1. What are three examples of physical properties?
a. density
b. color
c. melting point
2. What are three examples of chemical properties?
a. flammability
b. oxidation states
c. reactivity
3. What is the difference between a chemical property and a physical property?
A chemical property, when observed, would change the chemical structure of the substance. A physical propertty would not. For example, to observe the color of copper, you don’t change who the copper is. However, to observe copper’s reactivity with hydrochloric acid, you alter coppers chemical structure.
4. In your own words, describe the difference between a property and a change. (Ex: What is the difference between a chemical change and a chemical property? What is the difference between a physical change and a physical property?)
A property is describing the ABILITY for something to happen. A change is the actual occurrence of that property. For example, flammability (chemical property) would be a property, burning (chemical change) would be a change.
It’s like the difference between an adjective (property) and a verb (change). Another example would be the ability to be torn (physical property) and tearing (physical change).
TASK #9: Intensive vs. Extensive Properties of Matter
Go to this website and watch the video (YOU MAY NEED TO WATCH THIS ON YOUR PERSONAL DEVICE):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIV7baF4ZsM
1. What is an intensive property?
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present.
2. After listening to his explanation of intensive properties, give an example of an intensive property and explain in your own words why it is considered intensive.
For example, Density would be an intensive property because the density of 100 mL of water is the same as 5 mL of water. The density did not change when the size of the sample changed.
3. What is an extensive property?
Properties of a substance that depends on the amount of matter present.
4. After listening to his explanation of extensive properties, give an example of an extensive property and explain in your own words why it is considered extensive.
For example, if you had 8 oz of water, 8 oz would be an extensive property. It is extensive because it is describing how much water you had. Any time you are describing mass, volume, length or weight, you are describing an extensive property.