Chp 12 & 13 DBQ

Part A – Short Answer Section

The following documents relate to differences between the North and the South. Examine each document carefully and answer the questions that follow

Document 1: Colonial Slave Imports

SLAVES IMPORTED TO SELECTED COLONIES 1768-1772
North / South
Year / NH / MA / RI / CT / NY / PA / MD / VA / NC / SC / GA
1772 / 4 / 4 / 2 / 0 / 23 / 0 / 175 / 2,104 / 155 / 7,201 / 328
1771 / 0 / 0 / 12 / 0 / 9 / 0 / 227 / 762 / 82 / 3,100 / 758
1770 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 69 / 0 / 532 / 905 / 115 / 123 / 1,144
1769 / 4 / 0 / 6 / 0 / 0 / 10 / 203 / 493 / 169 / 4,888 / 687
1768 / 12 / 0 / 70 / 14 / 19 / 0 / 301 / 354 / 198 / 249 / 1,001

Colony Abbreviations:

NH – New HampshireMA – MassachusettsRI – Rhode IslandSC – South Carolina

CT – ConnecticutNY – New YorkPA – PennsylvaniaGA – Georgia

MD – MarylandVA – Virginia NC – North Carolina

Southern Population, 1850

Document 2:A Letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Adams (1812)

Here we do little in the fine way, but a great deal of coarse and decent goods. Every family in the country is manufactory within itself, and is very able to make for itself all the decent things for its own clothing and household use. We consider a sheep for every person in the family as sufficient to clothe it, and in addition to the cotton, hemp and flax which we raise ourselves. For finer things we shall depend on your northern manufacturers. Of these companies we have none. We use little machinery. The Spinning Jenny and loom can be managed in a family.

Document 3: Observations of a French Visitor to America (1831)

The stream that the Indians named the Ohio, or Beautiful River, waters one of the most magnificent valleys in which man has ever lived. On both banks of the Ohio stretched rolling ground which offers the farmer unending treasures; on both banks the air is equally healthy and the climate temperate. The land of the left bank is called Kentucky, the other takes its name from the river itself. There is but one difference between the two states: Kentucky allows slaves, but Ohio refuses to have them.

On the left bank of the Ohio work is connected with the idea of slavery, but on the right with well-being and progress. On the one side it is humiliating, but on the other honorable. On the left bank no white laborers are to be found, for they would be afraid of being like slaves. For work, people must rely on the Negroes. One will never see a man of leisure on the right bank: the white man’s intelligent activity is used for work of every sort.

Slavery, which is abolished in the North, still exists in the south. Trade and industry are bound to flourish more in the North than in the South. It is natural that both population and wealth should pile up there more quickly.

Source: Alexis de Tocqueville,

Democracy in America

Document 4: A Description of Lowell, Massachusetts (1845)

The Lowell bank – the first in town – was established March 11, 1828. That same year two new manufacturing companies were started – the Appleton and Lowell – both of which immediately started to build mills. A vast increase of the business of Lowell was planned in 1830 by the construction of the Western Suffolk Canal. This was dug in 1831 and 1832. Instead of using the whole waterfall of thirty-two feet at once, it was proposed to divide it into two falls of sixteen feet each; and thus power was obtained for three new companies. The Suffolk, Tremont, and Lawrence companies were established in spring of 1831, and right away began building mills and boarding houses for their workers. A bleaching company was established in 1832. Still another canal was dug in 1835, to carry water to the mills of the Boon Company, which put up five large factories and eight blocks of boarding houses.

The money here invested in manufacturing is twelve million dollars. There are made in Lowell, every week, 1,459,001 yards of cloth amounting to 75,868,000 yards per year. This is nearly enough to belt the globe two times around. 61,100 bales of cotton are worked up every year.

Document 5: A Cotton Plantation on the Mississippi

Document 6:Plantation Life before Emancipation by R.Q. Mallard, D.D.

Document 6 (cont.)

Document 7:Images of Technological Advancements

Document 8:A View of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania