Unit 1 Notes
Characteristics of civilizations
1. record keeping 4. complex institutions
2. advanced technology 5. advanced cities
3. specialized labor ( division of labor)
Stone Age people were ______rather than farmers. They
could ______and use their hands freely. (12)
Neanderthals were able to survive the ______. (11)
Government became necessary to maintain order because of large ______.
(18)
Prehistoric refers to the time before the Neolithic Age.
Benefits of agriculture- took place during the ______. (14)
1. cultural life
2. domestication of animals and farming
3. specialization
4. end of a nomadic lifestyle
5. steady and dependable food supply
Cuneiform was writing using ______to create wedge shapes on stone (18)
(19) tablets. Sumerian scribes used it for the purpose of ______.
The most important building in Ur was the ______. (21)
Egypt
1. A theocracy was a government where the religious leader was also the leader of the
______. (35)
2. The pharaoh was considered to be a ______or king. ( divinity ) (35)
3. Papyrus was used as paper for hieroglyphics. (38)
4. Hieroglyphics was Egyptian ______which was
eventually translated by the ______. (38)
5. Mummification was based on the Egyptian belief in an ______. (37)
6. Polytheism was the belief in ______gods. (29)
7. The purpose of a pyramid was to serve as a ______for the ______. (35)
Fertile Crescent- located between the ______and ______. M______was located here between the ______and ______Rivers. The people who lived here were called ______. (27)
Fertile soil that was deposited after rivers receded was called ______. (27)
A city and its surrounding land were called ______. (29)
A ______was a series of rulers from the same family. (29)
______was the spreading of one culture to another. (29)
Several peoples, nations, and states under one ruler was called an ______. (31)
Hammurabi and his code- Babylon came up with a u______law code
for the empire. It was called an ______. Punishment
varied according to one’s social class. (31, 32)
Egypt was considered to be the ______of the ______. It served as a reliable system of ______as well. (33-35)
Egypt was spared the constant warfare that plagued the Fertile Crescent because of its
______. (34)
Egyptian contributions
1. system of writing 2. geometry 3. c______4. medicine
Egypt declined because of Asian nomadic i______. (39)
Indus Valley Civilization- located on the Indus and ______Rivers (42)
1. Monsoons were ______. (42)
2. Floods along the Indus were u______. (43)
3. surrounded by the H______to the north and a desert to the west
4. One of their most remarkable achievements was their sophisticated c______.
They had p______and s______systems. (43-45)
5. strong central government
6. end of civilization unknown (45)
China
China was isolated from other civilizations because of its ______.
(46) It has many ______and ______. People
who lived outside of China were considered to be b______.
Yellowish fertile soil left after flooding was called ______. (46)
T______with outside countries was difficult because of China’s geography. (46)
(47)
During their first dynasty, the Chinese learned how to use flood control and i______
The Shang Dynasty became the first rulers to leave written records in China. Cities were surrounded by massive earthen w______. Wars were constant and the c______was introduced through contact with western Asia.
Shang society was sharply divided between n______and p______.
In Chinese culture, the group has always been more important than the i______. People’s lives were governed by their duties to their f______and to their k______. The most important virtue was r______for one’s parents. Women were viewed as being i______.
Religion- Chinese believed that the s______of family a______had the power to bring good fortune or disaster to living members of the family.
Technology and art- b______was the leading craft which was used in religious ceremonies and were also symbols of r______. The Chinese also learned how to make s______
Zhous and the Mandate of Heaven (explain it)- royal authority comes from ______.
Calamities were signs of ______ancestral spirits. A new ______
should be chosen as a result.
Feudalism and results of it- ______system in which nobles are granted the
use of the king’s land in return for ______and protection of
the ______.
The biggest improvement in technology came with the use of i______. It was used to create w______and a______tools.
As the Zhou dynasty declined, warfare changed as m______would now be used since the honorable code was no longer followed. The c______was invented as a new weapon. Traditional Chinese v______collapsed.
Confucius believed that r______were necessary for society to restore
social order, h______, and good g______.
According to Confucian teachings, women were restricted to ______
and ______life.
What objective gave rise to the Chinese philosophies of Confucianism, Laozi, and Legalists ?