FACTORS* AFFECTING WORLD HERITAGE VALUES OR ‘OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE’

(based on IUCN Conservation Measures Partnership (CMP) ’Proposed classification of direct threats’ – see IUCN/CMP website )

Primary underlying ‘factors’ / 2nd level factors / 3rd level factors / Not applicable / Negative impact / No impact / Positive impact
  1. Regional development insideWHA
/ Housing/urban areas
Commercial/industrial areas
Tourism/recreation areas/facilities Fragmentation/loss of connectivity
  1. Regional development outside WHA
/ Housing/urban areas
Commercial/industrial areas
Tourism/recreation areas
Fragmentation/loss of connectivity
  1. Biological resource utilisation
/ Fishing/harvesting aquatic resources*
Aquaculture *
Livestock farming/grazing
Other Agriculture/cropping
Forestry/logging/wood or pulp production
Hunting/collecting
Indigenous take / Fishingincludes:
Trawling
Netting
Line fishing
Game fishing
Collection/harvest fisheries

By-catch/incidental take issues

Aquaculture includes
Marine
Freshwater aquaculture
  1. Geological resource utilisation
/ Mining & Quarrying
Oil/gas
Renewable energy
  1. Transportation/
Infrastructure / Shipping routes
Flight paths
Roads/rail easements/ construction
Dams
Utilities* / Utilities includes:
Powerlines
Service lines
Service Easements
  1. Climate change/
severe weather / Cyclones/storms
Flooding
Drought
Bleaching
Changes to oceanic waters (eg. flows, pH)
Other climatic changes
  1. Invasive/alien species
/ Weeds
Feral animals
Rodents
Translocated native spp*
Insect pests
Bird pests
Disease/parasites
Micro-organisms
Introduced genetic material
Ballast water & associated introductions / Translocated native spp includes:
Fish stocking
Inappropriate plantings
Introduced soil etc
Dieback due to pathogens
  1. Natural system and cultural site modifiers (see also 12 for other cultural site modifiers)
/ Fire & fire suppression*
Changes to water regimes*
Other ecosystem modifications*
Rubbish/garbage/debris / Fire & fire suppression include:
Altered fire regimes
Impacts of fire suppression activities
Changes to water regimes* include:
Altered drainage patterns
Changes to flow regimes
Flooding
Acid sulphate soils
Other E/system modifiers include:
Erosion/loss of soil
Ship groundings
Anchor damage
Depletion/loss of spawning sites
Land clearing
  1. Pollution
/ Water pollution*
Air pollution
Acid rain
Garbage/solid waste
Noise pollution
Light pollution*
Heat pollution
Corrosion / Water pollution includes: Ocean dumping

Oil/chemical spills

Industrial effluent
Agricultural runoff
Household sewage/waste
Acid sulphate soils
Effluent discharge/mine waste
Light pollution includes: Inappropriate urban lighting
  1. Other human intrusions/ disturbances
/ Illegal activities*
High impact recreational activities inside WHA
Unsustainable tourism activities High impact research activities
Military activities incl. training
Opposition from local people
War/terrorism/civil unrest / Illegal activities includes:

Illegal extraction

Illegal trade
Illegal occupation of spaceIllegal excavations
Looting
Vandalism
Theft
Treasure hunting
Graffiti
Ghost nets
  1. Geological events
/ Volcanic eruption
Earthquake
Tsunami
Avalanche/landslide
12 Cultural site modifiers / Corrosion
Water impacts*
Vibration
Dust
Abrasion
Tourism impacts / Water impactsinclude:
Humidity
Flooding
Dissolved salts
13. Management and institutional aspects (eg. deficiencies in …) / Planning
Legal framework
Financial resources
Human resources
  1. Managers will use this list to determine what are the factors affecting their WH property (using a standardised list)
  1. Managers will then further assess all those issues ticked as having a negative impact on the property against the following criteria:
  2. Spatial scale (small/localised --- widespread/whole WHA))
  3. Temporal scale (one-off/rare --- ongoing)) each on a scale of 1-4
  4. Impact on integrity/authenticity (minor/insignificant --- catastrophic))
  5. Capacity for management response (low capacity/no resources ---- high capacity))
  1. The aggregated ‘scores’ will then determine a relative list of the negative impact – the top 5-6 will be exported into the summary table

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