VersionNo. 060
Victims of Crime Assistance Act1996
No. 81 of 1996
Version incorporating amendments as at
1 July 2017
table of provisions
SectionPage
1
SectionPage
Part 1—Preliminary
1Purpose and objectives of Act
2Commencement
3Definitions
4Related criminal acts
5Effect of death
Part 2—Eligibility for assistance
Division 1—Primary victims
7Who is a primary victim?
8Assistance available to primary victims
8ASpecial financial assistance to primary victims for significant adverse effects
Division 2—Secondary victims
9Who is a secondary victim?
10Assistance available to secondary victims
10AAdditional assistance available to certain secondary victims
Division 3—Related victim
11Who is a related victim?
12Related victim pool
13Assistance available to any one related victim
Division 4—Assistance for funeral expenses
15Assistance available to person incurring funeral expenses for primary victim
Division 5—Limits on assistance
16Other entitlements to be taken into account
17Loss of earnings
18Applicant can only apply in one capacity
Part 3—Victims of Crime Assistance Tribunal
Division 1—The Tribunal
19Establishment
20Functions, powers and duties of Tribunal
21Composition of Tribunal
22Validity of proceedings
23Tribunal staff
24Delegation
Division 2—Applications
25Who may apply to the Tribunal?
26Form of application
27What application must set out
27AInformation to be given by related victim applicants
28Where application is to be sent
29Time for making application
29ARight to withdraw an application
Division 3—Procedure and powers of Tribunal
31Standard of proof
32Duty to act fairly and expeditiously
33Determination without hearing
34Fixing time and place for hearing
35Who is entitled to appear at hearing?
36How may a party appear?
37Evidence
38Procedure of Tribunal
39Investigative powers of Tribunal
40Power of registrar to obtain information
41Power to adjourn
42Hearings open to public unless Tribunal directs otherwise
42AInspection of documents
43Tribunal may restrict publication of material
44Procedural directions
45Guidelines
46Scale of costs
47Payment of expenses to person entitled
48Costs
49Complaints about service providers
Division 4—Awards
50Making of awards
51Assignment of rights to the State
52Mandatory refusal of application
53Reasonable time for reporting act of violence
54Matters to which Tribunal must have regard
55Form of payment
56Interim awards
Division 5—Rules and practice notes
57Rules
58Practice directions
Part 4—Review, variation and refunds
Division 1—Review
59Review of Tribunal decisions
59AReview of delegated Tribunal decisions
Division 2—Variation of award
60Variation of award
Division 3—Refunds
61Pursuing other remedies
62Refund of award
Part 5—Miscellaneous
63Protection of members, advocates and witnesses
64Contempt of Tribunal
65Inadmissibility of evidence in other proceedings
66Fraud
67False or misleading information
68Annual report
69Payments to and from Consolidated Fund
70Investment of trust money
70AMoney held by Tribunal for person under disability
71Supreme Court—limitation of jurisdiction
72Regulations
76Transitional provisions
77Transitional provisions (2000 and 2003 Amending Acts)
78Transitional provisions (2003 Amending Act)
79Transitional provision (2007 Amending Act)
80Transitional provision—Statute Law Amendment (Evidence Consequential Provisions) Act 2009
81Transitional provision—Justice Legislation Amendment (Victims of Crime Assistance and Other Matters) Act2010
Schedule 1—Transitional provisions
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Endnotes
1General information
2Table of Amendments
3Amendments Not in Operation
4Explanatory details
1
VersionNo. 060
Victims of Crime Assistance Act1996
No. 81 of 1996
Version incorporating amendments as at
1 July 2017
1
Part 1—Preliminary
Victims of Crime Assistance Act1996
No. 81 of 1996
The Parliament of Victoria enacts as follows:
Part 1—Preliminary
S. 1 substituted by No. 54/2000 s.4.
1Purpose and objectives of Act
(1)The purpose of this Act is to provide assistance to victims of crime.
(2)The objectives of this Act are—
(a)to assist victims of crime to recover from the crime by paying them financial assistance for expenses incurred, or reasonably likely to be incurred, by them as a direct result of the crime; and
(b)to pay certain victims of crime financial assistance (including special financial assistance) as a symbolic expression by the State of the community's sympathy and condolence for, and recognition of, significant adverse effects experienced or suffered by them as victims of crime; and
(c)to allow victims of crime to have recourse to financial assistance under this Act where compensation for the injury cannot be obtained from the offender or other sources.
(3)Awards of financial assistance (including special financial assistance) to victims of crime are not intended to reflect the level of compensation to which victims of crime may be entitled at common law or otherwise.
(4)The scheme provided by this Act is intended to complement other services provided by government to victims of crime.
2Commencement
(1)This Part comes into operation on the day on which this Act receives the Royal Assent.
(2)Subject to subsection (3), the remaining provisions of this Act come into operation on a day or days to be proclaimed.
(3)If a provision referred to in subsection (2) does not come into operation before 1 July 1997, it comes into operation on that day.
3Definitions
(1)In this Act—
act of violence means a criminal act or a series of related criminal acts, whether committed by one or more persons, that has—
(a)occurred in Victoria; and
(b)directly resulted in injury or death to one or more persons, irrespective of where the injury or death occurs;
close family member, in relation to a deceased primary victim of an act of violence, means a person who had a genuine personal relationship with the victim at the time of the victim's death and who is—
(a)the spouse of the victim; or
(b)a parent, guardian or step-parent of the victim; or
(c)a child or step-child of the victim or some other child of whom the victim is the guardian; or
(d)a brother, sister, step-brother or stepsister of the victim;
criminal act means an act or omission constituting a relevant offence or that would constitute a relevant offence if the person had not been incapable of being criminally responsible for it on account of—
(a)age, mental impairment or other legal incapacity preventing him or her from having a required fault element; or
(b)the existence of any other lawful defence;
dependant, in relation to a deceased primary victim of an act of violence, means—
(a)an individual who was wholly or substantially dependent on the victim's income at the time of the victim's death or who would have been but for the incapacity of the victim due to the injury from which he or she died; or
(b)a child of the victim born after the victim's death who would have been a dependant of the victim under paragraph (a) if he or she had been born before the victim's death;
S. 3(1) def. of domestic partner insertedby No.27/2001 s.7(Sch.5 item2.1), substitutedby No.12/2008 s.73(1)(Sch.1 item64.1).
domestic partner of a personmeans—
(a)a person who is in a registered relationship with the person; or
(b)an adult person to whom the person is not married but with whom the person is in a relationship as a couple where one or each of them provides personal or financial commitment and support of a domestic nature for the material benefit of the other, irrespective of their genders and whether or not they are living under the same roof, but does not include a person who provides domestic support and personal care to the person—
(i)for fee or reward; or
(ii)on behalf of another person or an organisation (including a government or government agency, a body corporate or a charitable or benevolent organisation);
S. 3(1) def. of guardian amended by Nos 52/1998
s. 311(Sch. 1 item 101.1), 48/2006 s.42(Sch. item 37).
guardian, in relation to a victim or applicant, (except in section 25(3) and (4)) does not include the Secretary within the meaning ofthe Children, Youth and Families Act2005, a guardian appointed or takingover office as guardian under the Guardianship and Administration Act1986 or any other government agency;
S. 3(1) def. of injury amended by No. 54/2000 s.5(1)(a).
injury means—
(a)actual physical bodily harm; or
(b)mental illness or disorder or an exacerbation of a mental illness or disorder, whether or not flowing from nervous shock; or
(c)pregnancy; or
(d)any combination of matters referred to in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) arising from an act of violence—
but does not include injury arising from loss of or damage to property;
S. 3(1) def.of judicial registrar insertedby No. 18/2010 s.11.
judicial registrar has the same meaning as in the Magistrates' Court Act 1989;
S. 3(1) def. of legal practitioner insertedby No. 18/2005 s.18(Sch. 1 item113.1), amended by No.17/2014 s.160(Sch. 2 item 103.1).
legal practitioner means an Australian legal practitioner;
medical expenses includes dental, optometry, physiotherapy, psychology treatment, hospital and ambulance expenses;
medical report means a written statement made by a medical expert on medical matters and includes any document which the medical expert intends should be read with the statement;
S.3(1) def.of memberamendedby No.5/2013 s.66.
member, in relation to the Tribunal, means the magistrate or reserve magistrate engaged under section 9C of the Magistrates' Court Act 1989constituting the Tribunal;
S. 3(1) def. of parent insertedby No.27/2001 s.7(Sch.5 item2.1).
parent of a child, means—
(a)a biological parent of the child;
(b)a step-parent of the child;
(c)an adoptive parent of the child;
(d)a foster parent of the child;
(e)a guardian of the child;
(f)a person who has responsibility for the care, welfare and development of the child;
S. 3(1) def. of person under disability insertedby No. 30/2004 s.7.
person under disability means—
(a)a minor; or
(b)a person who is incapable by reason of injury, disease, senility, illness or physical or mental infirmity of managing his or her affairs in relation to the proceeding;
practice directions means practice directions, statements or notes issued under section58(1);
registrar, in relation to the Tribunal, includes the principal registrar of the Tribunal;
S. 3(1) def. of relevant offence amended by No. 47/2016 s.47.
relevant offence means—
(a)an offence, punishable on conviction by imprisonment, that involves an assault on, or injury or a threat of injury to, a person; or
(b)an offence against Subdivision (8A), (8B), (8C), (8E) or (8FA) of Division 1 of Part I of the Crimes Act 1958 or any corresponding previous enactment (sexual offences) or an offence at common law of rape or assault with intent to rape; or
(c)an offence against section 21A(1) of theCrimes Act 1958 (stalking), section63 of that Act (child stealing) orsection 63A of that Act (kidnapping) or any corresponding previous enactment; or
(d)an offence of conspiracy to commit, incitement to commit or attempting to commit an offence referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c);
S. 3(1) def. of significant adverse effect inserted by No. 54/2000 s.5(1)(b).
significant adverse effect, in relation to a victim of an act of violence, includes any grief, distress, trauma or injury experienced or suffered by the victim as a direct result of the act of violence but does not include any loss of, or damage to, property;
S. 3(1) def. of spouse insertedby No.27/2001 s.7(Sch.5 item2.1).
spouse of a person means a person to whom the person is married;
the rules means rules of the Tribunal jointly made by the Chief Magistrate together with 2or more Deputy Chief Magistrates;
Tribunal means Victims of Crime Assistance Tribunal established by Part 3;
victim means primary victim, secondary victim or related victim of an act of violence, as the case requires.
S. 3(2) amendedby No.47/2003 s.4.
(2)Notwithstanding the definition of injury in subsection (1), if, in respect of an application under this Act by a primary victim or a secondary victim, the Tribunal is satisfied on medical or psychological evidence that treatment or counselling is required as a result of trauma associated with an act of violence, the person concerned is deemed for the purposes of this Act to be suffering an injury.
S. 3(3) inserted by No. 54/2000 s.5(2).
(3)For the purposes of section 8A—
(a)references in this Act to a primary victim must be construed as including a reference to a person who is a primary victim by virtue of section 8A(1); and
(b)references in this Act (including the definition of significant adverse effect in subsection (1)) to an act of violence must be construed as if a person who is a primary victim by virtue of section 8A(1) had suffered an injury; and
(c)references in this Act to an injury must be construed in relation to a person who is a primary victim by virtue of section 8A(1) as if the significant adverse effect experienced or suffered by that person were an injury suffered by that person.
S. 3(4) insertedby No.27/2001 s.7(Sch.5 item2.2), substitutedby No.12/2008 s.73(1)(Sch.1 item64.2).
(4)For thepurposes of the definition ofdomestic partnerin subsection(1)—
(a)registered relationship has the same meaning as in the Relationships Act 2008; and
(b)in determining whether persons who are not in a registered relationship are domestic partners of each other, all the circumstances of their relationship are to be taken into account, including any one or more of the matters referred to in section 35(2) of the Relationships Act 2008 as may be relevant in a particular case; and
(c)a person is not a domestic partner of another person only because they are co-tenants.
4Related criminal acts
(1)Subject to this section, a criminal act is related to another criminal act for the purposes of this Act if—
(a)they were committed against the same person and they—
(i)occurred at approximately the same time; or
(ii)occurred over a period of time and were committed by the same person or group of persons; or
(iii)share some other common factor—
unless the Tribunal considers that, having regard to the particular circumstances of those acts, they ought not to be treated as related criminal acts; or
(b)they contribute to the injury or death on which the application to the Tribunal is based unless the Tribunal considers that, having regard to the particular circumstances of those acts, they ought not to be treated as related criminal acts; or
(c)the Tribunal considers that they ought to be treated as related criminal acts.
(2)For the purposes of this Act, a criminal act in respect of which an award of assistance has been made under this Act is not related to another criminal act occurring after the award was made.
(3)A criminal act may be related to another criminal act even though charges for offences arising out of those criminal acts are tried or heard separately.
(4)For the purposes of this Act, a series of related criminal acts, whether committed by one or more persons, constitutes a single act of violence.
5Effect of death
Despite any provision of any Act or rule of law to the contrary, on the death of a primary victim of an act of violence, any right of that victim to receive assistance of any kind under this Act does not survive for the benefit of his or her estate.
S. 6 repealedby No. 54/2000 s.19(1).
*****
Part 2—Eligibility for assistance
Division 1—Primary victims
7Who is a primary victim?
(1)A primary victim of an act of violence is a person who is injured or dies as a direct result of an act of violence committed against him or her.
(2)A person is also a primary victim of an act of violence if he or she is injured or dies as a direct result of—
(a)trying to arrest someone whom he or she believes on reasonable grounds has committed an act of violence; or
(b)trying to prevent the commission of an act of violence; or
(c)trying to aid or rescue someone whom he or she believes on reasonable grounds is a victim of an act of violence—
whether or not an act of violence is actually committed.
8Assistance available to primary victims
S. 8(1) amended by No. 54/2000 s.6.
(1)A primary victim may be awarded by the Tribunal assistance of up to $60 000 plus any special financial assistance awarded in accordance with section8A.
(2)The amount awarded to a primary victim may be made up of amounts—
(a)for expenses actually incurred, or reasonably likely to be incurred, by the primary victim for reasonable counselling services;
(b)for medical expenses actually and reasonably incurred, or reasonably likely to be incurred, by the primary victim as a direct result of the act of violence;
(c)of up to $20 000 for loss of earnings suffered, or reasonably likely to be suffered, by the primary victim as a direct result of the act of violence;
S. 8(2)(d) amendedby No.18/2010 s.12(1).
(d)for expenses incurred by the primary victim through loss of or damage to clothing worn at the time of the commission of the act of violence;
S. 8(2)(e) insertedby No.18/2010 s.12(2).
(e)for safety-related expenses actually and reasonably incurred, or reasonably likely to be incurred, by the primary victim as a direct result of the act of violence.
(3)In exceptional circumstances, there may also be included in the amount awarded to a primary victim within the limit set by subsection (1) an amount for other expenses actually and reasonably incurred, or reasonably likely to be incurred, by the primary victim to assist his or her recovery from the act of violence.
S. 8(4) amendedby No.18/2010 s.12(3).
(4)Except as provided bysubsection (2)(d) or(e), assistance may not be awarded to a primary victim for expense incurred through loss of or damage to property.
S. 8A insertedby No. 54/2000 s.7.
8ASpecial financial assistance to primary victims for significant adverse effects
(1)Without limiting persons who are primary victims by virtue of section 7, for the purposes of this section a person is also a primary victim of an act of violence if he or she experiences or suffers any significant adverse effect as a direct result of an act of violence committed against him or her.
(2)A person may be awarded special financial assistance by the Tribunal in accordance with this section if the Tribunal is satisfied that—
(a)an act of violence was committed against the person; and
(b)the person has experienced or suffered a significant adverse effect as a direct result of that act of violence; and
(c)that act of violence is a category A, B, C or D act of violence for the purposes of this section.
(3)The amount of special financial assistance that may be awarded by the Tribunal in accordance with this section is an amount up to the level set out in subsection (4).
(4)For the purposes of subsection (3) the level is—
(a)the minimum amount set out in the Table in subsection (5) in relation to the relevant category of act of violence if the Tribunal is satisfied that the applicant has experienced or suffered any significant adverse effect as a direct result of the act of violence; and
(b)an increased amount up to the maximum amount set out in that Table in relation to the relevant category of act of violence if the Tribunal is satisfied that the applicant has suffered any injury as defined in section 3(1) as a direct result of the act of violence.
(5)The following Table sets out the minimum and maximum amounts of special financial assistance that may be awarded in accordance with this section depending on the category of the act of violence involved:
S. 8A(5) (Table) substitutedby No.9/2007 s.3.
Category of act of violence / Minimum amount / Maximum amountA / $4667 or the higher prescribed amount applicable in prescribed circumstances / $10 000 or the higher prescribed amount applicable in prescribed circumstances
B / $1300 or the higher prescribed amount applicable in prescribed circumstances / $3250 or the higher prescribed amount applicable in prescribed circumstances
C / $650 or the higher prescribed amount applicable in prescribed circumstances / $1300 or the higher prescribed amount applicable in prescribed circumstances
D / $130 or the higher prescribed amount applicable in prescribed circumstances / $650 or the higher prescribed amount applicable in prescribed circumstances
(6)For the purposes of this section the regulations may—
(a)specify an act of violence or a class of act of violence as a category A, B, C or D act of violence; and
(b)prescribe a higher minimum or maximum amount in relation to a specified category of act of violence; and
(c)prescribe circumstances in which the prescribed higher minimum or maximum amount is applicable.
(7)The Tribunal may be satisfied on the balance of probabilities that an act of violence of a particular category was involved even though—
(a)no person has been charged with, or found guilty or convicted of, an act of violence of that category in relation to the injury; or
(b)a person has been charged with, or found guilty or convicted of, an act of violence of a different category in relation to the injury.
Division 2—Secondary victims
9Who is a secondary victim?
(1)A secondary victim of an act of violence is a person who is present at the scene of an act of violence and who is injured as a direct result of witnessing that act.