Solutions Notesheet Name ______
Applied Chemistry Date ______Period ______
I. Background
A. A solution is a ______that has different substances dissolved in it that cannot be seen. This results in a ______physical state.
i. Solute: ______
- present in ______amount
ii. Solvent: ______
- present in ______amount
iii. Properties of Solutions
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
· Soluble means something ______be dissolved in something else.
· Insoluble means something ______be dissolved in something else.
· Dissolving a solid in a liquid can affect the ______point and ______point. This is called a ______.
II. Types of Solutions
A. Solid Solutions
· Alloys: ______
______
· Advantages of alloys over pure metals:
B. Gaseous Solutions
Example:
C. Liquid Solutions
· Miscible liquids:
· Immiscible liquids:
1. Aqueous Solutions: Solutions with ______as the solvent.
· Because water can dissolve so many things, it is called the ______.
· Electrolyte – a solution that ______.
2. Tincture: Solutions with ______as the solvent.
3. A saline solution is a solution of ______and ______.
§ The solute is ______.
§ The solvent is ______.
4. A dilute solution is a solution with ______.
5. A concentrated solution is a solution with ______.
III. Concentration
A. Definition: Concentration is ______
B. Types
1. % Concentration =
· Usually used for ______solutions.
Example 1: A saline solution is prepared by mixing 3 grams of salt with 97 grams of water. Calculate the % concentration of the saline solution.
Mass of solute:
Mass of solvent:
Mass of solution:
% concentration =
Dilution: ______
Example 2: A sugar solution is made using 25 grams of sugar with 45 grams of water. Calculate the % concentration of the sugar solution.
Mass of solute:
Mass of solvent:
Mass of solution:
% concentration =
Example 3: Kool-aid is prepared by mixing 33 grams of Kool-aid with 99 grams of water. Calculate the % concentration of the Kool-aid solution.
% concentration =
Example 4: Calculate the % concentration of 16 g of salt in 120 g of saline solution.
% concentration =
Which is the most concentrated? ______
Which is the most dilute? ______
2. Parts per Million (ppm)
a. Usually used with ______solutions.
b. Which is larger? (circle)
Number / One hundred / Or / One thousandLooks Like
Number / One hundredth / Or / One thousandth
Looks Like
Number / One million / Or / One billion
Looks Like
Number / One millionth / Or / One Billionth
Looks Like
Abbreviation
3. Sea water is a ______% solution.
Means: ______grams of salt to ______grams sea water or
______parts salt to ______parts sea water
Looks like: ______dilution (as a fraction)
4. Food coloring is a 10% aqueous solution.
Means: _____ grams of pigment to ______grams of solution or
_____ parts pigment to ______parts solution
Looks like: ______dilution or ______dilution
Example Problems: The following serial dilutions were performed. Write the dilution fraction in each well.
a. 1-to-4 dilution of a 10% solution
b. 1-to-2 dilution of a 20% solution.
c. 1-5 dilution of a pure substance.
5. Other examples of parts per million
1 ppm means 1 second in ______days of your life
1 ppm means 1 penny in ______.
1 ppm means one inch in ______miles.
IV. Solubility and the Dissolving Process
A. Solubility is a ______property that gives the ______of solute that will dissolve in a solvent (usually water) at a given ______and pressure.
B. Saturated: A solution is saturated if it contains as much ______as can possibly be dissolved under existing conditions of ______and ______.
C. Unsaturated: Has ______than the maximum amount that can be dissolved.
D. Supersaturated: Has ______than the maximum amount that can be dissolved.
E. 3 Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolving
1. Surface Area: increases the number of ______between the ______and ______
Example:
2. Stirring: increases the number of ______between the ______and ______
Example:
3. Temperature: increases the ______between the ______and ______
Example:
3