Illinois Open 2008: Where Ignorant Armies Clash by Spite
Round 2
Questions by Trygve Meade, with assistance from Mike Sorice.
Tossups
1. Ferdinand I and Joachim Iformed a group directly opposed to this one, which included Martin Bucer among its ranks while one of its leaders was forced to sign the Capitulation of Wittenberg. Albert Alcibiades IInotably defected from this group, and in one battle, their enemy’s general, Eric II of Calenburg, was forced to flee by swimming across the Weser River. Frederick III granted this group the alliance of the Rhenish Palatinate, but this group was later routed by the forces of Paul III at the battle of Muhlberg. Including the cities of Kempten, Hanover and Augsburg, this entity was named for a town in Thuringia and was led by Philip the Magnanimous and John Frederick of Saxony. Opposed by Huldrich Zwingli and Francis I, for 10 points, name this group of Lutheran princes opposed to Charles V.
ANSWER: The Schmalkaldic League
2. This work begins with a quote about Tarquinius Superbus. One part of this work notes that “But ethics has no coincidence and no old servant at its disposal", establishing that ethics and esthetics both require closure. One section of this work begins by asking its title question, “Is there an Absolute Duty to God?”, while another section of this work considers Agamemnon’s dilemma between needing to sail and his duty to his daughter, which is found in the first of three Problema, “Is There a Teleological Suspension of the Ethical?” Another section in this work contrasts the Knights of Faith and of Infinite Resignation. Published under the pseudonym John the Silent, for ten points, identify this philosophical text which presented the story of Abraham and Isaac, which was written by Soren Kierkegaard.
ANSWER: Fear and Trembling (also accept “Frygt og Bæven”)
3. This process cannot generally occur in one- or two-dimensional systems according to the Mermin-Wagner theorem. When a gauge is associated with the invariance that underlies this process, its associated gauge particles are said to “eat” the particles that appear in models in which this process occurs, those being Goldstone bosons. Perhaps the most discussed instance of this phenomenon occurs for the electroweak theory and is the process that transforms photons into W- and Z-bosons, the Higgs mechanism. For ten points, name this phenomenon in theoretical physics in which a system that is initially unchanged under some mathematical operation suddenly transitions to not being so that is exemplified by the acquisition of mass.
ANSWER: spontaneous symmetry breaking (accept close equivalents)
4. Along with Carl Davis, this composer released an eight-movement oratorio named for his hometown in 1991, while he more recently released another oratorio called Ecce Cor Meum. His early work was heavily influenced by John Cage in the use of tape loops, while Howard Goodall credits this man's most famous collaborative group with saving Western music from atonalism, as well as bringing back the use of modulation. Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 inspired this man to add a piccolo trumpet solo into a piece about his childhood in the suburbs. A fan of Karlheinz Stockhausen, whom he put on the cover of one of his recordings, this man also brought back the use of plagal cadences in works like "She's Leaving Home" and "And I Love Her". For 10 points, name this musician and writer of songs such as "Maybe I'm Amazed", "Yesterday", and "Hey Jude", the writing partner of John Lennon.
ANSWER: Paul McCartney
5. A character in this poem notes that he should have “been a pair of ragged claws/scuttling across the floors of silent seas.” The speaker of this poem wonders how he should “begin to spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways” when he’s “formulated, sprawling on a pin.” He later notes that it would be worth it to squeeze the universe into a ball and declare himself to be Lazarus, back from the dead. This poem concludes by noting that “we have lingered in the chambers of the sea… until human voices wake us, and we drown.” In this poem, one character wonders if he dares to eat a peach, and notices women coming and going, talking of Michaelangelo. For ten points, identify this poem which begins “Let us go now, you and I/ When the evening is spread out against the sky”, a poem by T.S. Eliot.
ANSWER: “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
6. National parks of this nation include the Bukk, Ferto-Hansag and Aggtelek caves while its peaks include Zengo, Pilis and Irott-ko. Notable regions of this country are Vas and Baranya while wine is grown in the Tokaj. Among its mountain ranges are the Zemplen, Koszeg and Villany while in the Matra range lie its two highest peaks, Galyateto and Kekes. The bodies of water in this nation include Lake Velence and the thermal Lake Heviz while the Sio and Zala rivers form its Lake Balaton, the largest in Central Europe. Gyor, Pecs and Debrecen are among the largest cities in, for 10 points, which nation with capital at Budapest.
ANSWER: Republic of Hungary
7. Laws supporting this movement were held constitutional in Munn v. Illinois, but were later invalidated in railroad sponsored cases like the Wabash Case. Those cases were pressured by this organization’s lobbying for controlled railroad shipping prices, and in order to control shopkeepers, many members of this organization banded together to buy stores. Mary Elizabeth Lease urged members of this organization to “raise less corn and more hell”, and this organization began to decline after attempting to collectively manufacture farm equipment, although earlier programs like collective grain elevators and primitive credit unions were successful. For ten points, identify this 19th century movement started by Oliver Hudson Kelley which attempted to teach good agricultural practices.
ANSWER: National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
8. Recent research on transposon TC1 that is native to this organism has shown it has the capability to “jump” in human cells, lending support to the horizontal spread hypothesis. The 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Martin Chalfie for his use of green fluorescent protein in this organism. This organism exists only in hermaphrodite and male forms, which gives rise to identical genetic offspring, making this organism ideal for research applications. Silencing of specific gene function by RNA interference in this organism was accomplished by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello. For ten points, identify this organism that was the first multicellular organism to have its genome completely sequenced.
ANSWER: C. Elegans
9. This book begins with the protagonist noticing that someone has been looking at him through his window and also that the landlady has not brought him his 8 o’clock breakfast. The protagonist of this book refuses to give up his underwear, and uses Fraulein Burstner’s room, for which he apologizes. The protagonist of this novel buys three identical paintings from Tintorelli, and later, he’s compared to a businessman that a lawyer keeps locked up in a small room. That businessman is being locked up by Leni, whom the protagonist likes to kiss while in consultation with his lawyer. This novel ends with the protagonist being escorted to a quarry, where he’s summarily executed with a knife. For ten points, identify this book about junior bank manager Joseph K., a novel by Franz Kafka.
ANSWER: The Trial (also accept “Der Prozess”)
10. While arranging an orchestral suite for organ, this man added a new movement entitled “Ecstasies of a soul before the glory of Christ, which is its own glory”. That movement was added to his Ascension, and this man later published a book entitled Technique of my Musical Language. This man wrote Twenty Gazes on the Infant Jesus for his student and wife Yvonne Loriod. This composer spent a lot of time notating and cataloguing birdsong, which he used in his own compositions, and this man composed the movement “Music for the Blood of the Stars” as part of his ten-movement symphony. This man’s best known work was composed for violin, cello, piano, and clarinet, which were the four instruments available in his prison camp. For ten points, identify this composer of the Turangalila Symphony and the Quartet for the End of Time.
ANSWER: Olivier Messaien
11. This person discovered a dangerous procedure that requires a mixing a diazo compound with sulfonic and hydrochloric acids to produce an arylhydrazine, a reagent that he then heated in acetic acid to produce an osazone or with heated with zinc chloride to produce an indol. One reaction named for him begins with protonation of a carbonyl oxygen and ends with dehydration, before which the loss and regain of a proton is caused by nucleophillic attack of alcohol on alcohol; that is the mechanism of a reaction co-discovered by Speier that produces esters. For ten points, name this chemist who defined that carbon chains be vertical in the namesake projection that he used to study sugars.
ANSWER: Emil Hermann Fischer
12. Part of this family reigned as the dukes of Burgundy in the fifteenth century, and used Salic law to determine their claim to the throne. Rene I of Jerusalem and Naples was a member of this ruling house and Anjou, which also included Mary the Rich. Other kings of this dynastic house include Charles the Well-Served, Charles the Mad, and Charles the Wise, as well as one known as Charles the Affable. This house and Orleans produced Louis XII, while this line died out in France after Henri III. Louis the Spider-King was a member of this house, which began with Phillippe the Fortunate, the son of Charles of this house. For ten points, identify this successor to the House of Capet, a ruling house of France which preceded the House of Bourbon.
ANSWER: The House of Valois
13. In one of this author’s short stories, a minstrel is exiled and given nine casks of wine which he names with the names of the Muses. In addition to The Anonymiad, Peter and Magda accompany Ambrose on a trip to Atlantic City to celebrate Independence Day in one of this author’s short stories, while another short story is the account of a sperm cell attempting to connect with a mythic “Her”. In addition to stories like “Lost in the Funhouse” and “Night Sea Journey”, this author wrote the novels The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor and The Floating Opera. In another work by this author, the protagonist is the son of a computer and a virgin but is raised by Max Spielman and is later united with Anastasia, and in a further work, Henry Burlingame tutors Anna and Eben Cooke. For ten points, identify this man who wrote Giles Goat-Boy and The Sot-Weed Factor, an American.
ANSWER: John Barth
14. This man delineated symmetrical and asymmetrical versions of the title concept of one of his works, one of which requires mocking and one of which requires reciprocity. This man observed that behavior among mother-in-laws in South Africa, and termed it the “joking relationship.” This man advocated his “comparative method” as an alternative to prevailing methods, and his students at the University of Chicago published notes of his lectures as A Natural Science of Society. This man analysed the question of why certain social functions become fixed in one of his works, entitled The Social Organization of Australian Tribes. For ten points, identify this British exponent of Structural Functionalism, who collected lots of his field observations and theories in The Andaman Islanders.
ANSWER: Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
15. A historical record indicates that an oracle of this deity demanded that the land of Japan be turned over to Takamimusuhi. Most of this deity's temples are located in Yamashiro and Ise. An alternative the normal creation myth about this deity states that he came into being from the white copper mirror held in his father's right hand. One story about this deity claimed that he defeated the god of rice in a battle, killing Ukemochi and causing his sister to kick him out of her house. A more common myth about this god's creation stated that he was born from the washing of Izanagi's right eye. For ten points, identify this kami associated with the moon, who was the brother of Susanoo and Amaterasu.
ANSWER: Tsukuyomi
16. This person’s smoothing procedure was designed to predict the probability that an object belongs to an unknown species given some past observations; its result is a frequency distribution named for Good and this thinker. This scientist invented a unit called a ban to describe the results of his Banburismus procedure, which was later made obsolete by his and Welchman’s design of “Bombes.” One procedure named for this scientist was the subject of attack by the Blockhead, which Block claims can induce type I error; a more fundamental attack on the same criterion is John Searle’s Chinese room experiment. For ten points, name this computer scientist who defined as intelligent any system that can fool an interrogator into thinking that it is human in his namesake test.
ANSWER: Alan Mathison Turing
17. The beginning of this novel features a tree called the “Future Sign”, from which the narrator of this novel is given two pieces of fruit by his brother. After the narrator of this novel has his head and neck transformed into an enormous size, he’s placed at a crossroads and worshipped as a god. The tenth town that the narrator of this town visits has established Christianity, while if the narrator agrees to spend ten years licking the sores of a creature with television hands, she agrees to show him the way home. A character described as “Smelling” is the ruler of the seventh town the narrator visits in the title place, while the Super Lady is his wife and rules another. After returning from the title place of this novel, he’s sold into slavery, but shortly reinstated, and this novel begins with a slave raid in the real world of the narrator. For ten points, identify this novel about a hallucinogenic trip through a land populated by the undead, which was written by Amos Tutuola.