Chapter 16: Digestive System I….Oral Cavity and Associated Structures

Digestive6epart1

  1. List four functions performed by the alimentary mucosa?
  1. What are tonsils?
  1. What is the difference between keratinized and parakeratinized epithelia?
  1. How can lining mucosa be distinguished from masticatory mucosa by location and histological features?

Tongue

  1. How is the organization of myofibers in the tongue unique?
  1. What divides the dorsal surface of the tongue into an anterior two-thirds and a posterior one-third?
  1. Of the four types of papillae on the tongue, which is most numerous?
  1. Describe the structure of a filiform papilla. Where are they located?
  1. Which type of papillae does not have taste buds?
  1. What is the shape and location of fungiform papillae.
  1. Where are the taste buds situated on fungiform papillae?
  1. Describe the structure and location of circumvallate papillae.
  1. Where are the taste buds situated on circumvallate papillae? .
  1. Which glands have ducts that open into the trench surrounding the circumvallate papillae?
  1. Where are foliate papillae located and how can they be distinguished from other papillae of the tongue?
  1. Where are taste buds located on foliate papillae?
  1. What are the three types of cells that comprise a taste bud?
  1. Which cranial nerves form synapses with the sensory cells in taste bud?
  1. Which type(s) of cells have apical microvilli?.
  1. What is the role of basal cells in the taste bud?
  1. Are taste buds confined only to the tongue?
  1. The tongue is innervated by five cranial nerves. Which are they and what is the role of each? (Hint: organize your answer by region of the tongue and sensory modality and motor (somatic and autonomic).

Teeth

  1. What is a unique characteristic of enamel?
  1. What is the difference between anatomical crown and clinical crown?
  1. What material occupies the external part of the root of a tooth? .
  1. What material lies deep to enamel and cementum?

Learn the components of a tooth and its supporting structures as shown in Figure 16.7 on page 536.

  1. What name is given to cells that produce enamel?
  1. What name is given to cells that produce dentin?
  1. What material must be present prior to the deposition of enamel?
  1. What is the function of secretory and (subsequently) maturation ameloblasts?
  1. When does enamel formation cease?
  1. Which part of a mature tooth is not replaceable? Why? (not explicitly stated in the text.)
  1. What avascular material covers the root of the tooth?
  1. Where is the periodontal ligament and what types of fibers comprise it?
  1. What is the percentage of hydroxyapatite in enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone?
  1. What cells secrete dentin?
  1. What is the relationship between odontoblasts and dentinal tubules?
  1. What is the difference in composition and location of dentin and predentin? .
  1. Which parts of a tooth are innervated by sensory nerves? .
  1. What happens to dental pulp as dentin formation continues throughout life?
  1. What are alveoli?
  1. What forms the wall of the alveolus?
  1. Which structure associated with the tooth forms the basis for tooth movement during orthodontics?
  1. What is unusual about the fibroblasts of the periodontal membrane?
  1. What is the periodontium?

Major Salivary Glands

  1. What are the names the three major salivary glands?
  1. What surrounds major salivary glands (and is absent from minor salivary glands)?
  1. What creates the divisions within salivary glands called lobules?
  1. What two types of secretory cells are found in salivary glands?
  1. What are the three types of acini?
  1. What and where are serous demilunes?
  1. Which major salivary glands have mixed acini?
  1. How are mucous and serous cells distinguished from each other in H&E sections?
  1. What type of cell moves salivary secretions from the acini to the ducts?
  1. How might the cell named in #54 be identified histologically?
  1. Why are the excretory ducts of the major salivary glands fascinating to histologists who study epithelia?
  1. What type of acini are found in the parotid gland?
  1. Which cranial nerve may be seen in sections of the parotid gland?
  1. Explain how a person receiving radiation or chemotherapy may develop rampant dental caries.