Arthropods Note sheet 2017
· General Characteristics:
• Freely moving______appendages
• Segmented bodies
• Exoskeleton (made of ______that must ______to grow)used for protection, attachment of muscles, locomotion, desiccation.
• Classified by number of legs and body segments.
• Examples:
• Subphylum: chelicerata
– Class: arachnida
– 4 pairs of legs
– 2 segments to body: ______and abdomen
– Common examples: spiders, ticks, scorpions, horseshoe crabs
– Silk gland to spin webs to trap prey
• Subphylum: uniramia
• Class: chilopoda
• 1 pair of legs per segment
• Common Name: ______
• Carnivorous and has poison fangs
• Class: diplopoda
• 2 pair of legs per segment
• Common Name: ______
• Dwell in soil and feed on dead organic matter
• Subphylum: uniramia
• Class: insecta
• 3 pairs of legs
• 3 body segments: ______, thorax, and abdomen
• Each side of the first abdominal segment has a tympanum for sound wave reception.
• Thorax bears 3 pairs of legs and 1 or 2 pairs of wings
• Common examples: butterflies, beetles and grasshoppers
• Subphylum: crustacea
• Class: crustacea
• 5 pairs of legs
• Common examples: ______, crabs, and lobster
• Habitat:
– Aquatic (fresh and salt water)
– ______
• Nutrition:
– Phyla includes all feeding types
• Digestion:
– May have specialized ______or appendages that aide with their type of feeding.
– ______digestion
– Complete digestive system.
• Excretion:
– Malpighian tubules- extract nitrogen containing wastes from the blood and then add them to digestive wastes moving through the digestive tract, released through the anus. (uric acid is formed to reduce water loss)
– OR ______that function in a similar manner.
• Circulation:
– ______circulatory systems pump blood into a ______with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a ______into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.
• Respiration:
– A ______system is used for respiration where air enters and leaves the body through holes in the abdomen called ______.
– OR Book lungs are made of many thin, hollow sheets of ______that look like pages in a book.
– OR ______is extracted from the water in some aquatic invertebrates using specialized respiratory structures called ______.
• Nervous:
– ______
– Brain and ______nerve cord.
– Sense organs such as eyes, tympanum (hearing), ______(taste and smell)
• Mobility:
– Arthropods move with ______appendages.
• Reproduction:
– Sexual reproduction can be______or external. In internal fertilization, the male inserts sperm inside the female’s reproductive tract.
– ______fertilization occurs when sperm is united with an egg outside of the body. Typically occurs in aquatic species.
• Development:
– ______
– Metamorphosis refers to the way that insects develop, grow, and change form. Metamorphosis actually means "change". There are ______types of metamorphosis--incomplete and complete.
• Development:
– In incomplete metamorphosis ______look similar, behave similar and the whole family can live and feed together. There are 3 stages:
– Egg
– ______
– Adult
– Ex.: grasshoppers, aphids, thrips, and earwigs
• Development:
– In ______ metamorphosis larvae do not look like the adult and are wormlike. They can live in a different environment and eat different food. It has 4 stages:
– ______
– Larva
– ______
– Adult
– Ex. beetles, flies, butterflies, lacewings, and bees
Echinoderm Note Sheet 2017
• General Characteristics:
§ ______
§ Endoskeleton
§ ______Symmetry
§ Tube Feet
• Examples:
§ Sea stars, brittle stars, sea lilies, sea cucumbers, sand dollars and urchins
• Habitat:
§ Marine
• Nutrition:
§ Predators
§ Have______mouth parts and appendages to catch and eat other small organisms
• Digestion:
§ ______digestion
§ Complete ______system, each arm contains a well developed coelom.
§ Some starfish can push their stomach out of their mouth and secrete enzymes outside the body to break down food and then pull the partially digested material inside the body
• Excretion:
§ Solid waste removed through the ______at the end of the digestive tract.
• Circulation:
§ Echinoderms have a ______which is a system of water-filled canals that extend down each arm of an echinoderm.
• Respiration:
§ As water is circulating through the water vascular system, oxygen is extracted from the water.
• Mobility:
§ Echinoderms move using tube feet controlled by the water vascular system.
• Nervous:
§ ______around mouth with nerves in each ray
§ Eyespot (light-sensitive) at the tip of each ray
• Reproduction:
§ Sexual
§ Dioecious (separate sexes)
§ Gonads in each ray
§ ______fertilization
§ Asexual
§ Fragmentation and regeneration
• Development:
§ ______
§ ______have ______symmetry which then develops into radial symmetery as adults.