saMskRt baalapuYpma\ 1

Aa vyaHjana AxaraiNa

B. Consonants.

There are 33 + 3 consonants in Sanskrit language.

(Pl. play the audio)

k / K / ga / Ga / = / Gutturals
ca / C / ja / Ja / Ha /

Palatal

T / z / D / Z / Na /
Lingual
t / qa / d / Qa / na /
Dental
p / f / ba / Ba / ma / Labial
ya / r / la / va / semi vowels
Xa / Ya / sa / h / sibilants
L / xa

Brown indicates Hard consonants and sea green indicates soft consonants.

tips for Writing: When you write the letters better to write the top line at the end.

Pronunciation:

k– kinK– sinkholega– good

Ga– Aghast=– engageca– church

C– Chubb/catchhimja– judge Ja– hedgehog

Ha– PunchT– cartz– carthorse

D– ardentZ– GodhoodNa– friend

t– Bhartqa– Thumbd– they

Qa– Buddhana– boonp– pat

f– uphillba– bee Ba– abhor

ma– manya– you r– rib

la– lip va– van Sa or Xa– sure

Ya– bushsa– son h– hand

L – nowadays this letter is not used and it’s equivalent letter is la

xa – rickshaw. This is a joint letter of k\ + Ya

& – jna This is also a joint letter of ja\ + Ha

Here practice of Consonants is not given. Instead words are given. Please read and practice them in writing in the given space. Write all the words 3 times. (Since it will occupy a large space, the voice is not attached).

Skt.words / Meaning / 1st time / 2nd time / 3rd time
Aja / unborn,
Ajar / ever young,
imperishable
Amar / immortal, undying
Ajagar / python
AaBarNa / an ornament,
decoration
Aakr / a mine
Aadr / respect, honour
ABaya / free from fear,
secure, safe
[Ba / an elephant
[rNaM / a desert
[-Xa / powerful, supreme
[-rNa / the wind, driving, moving
]pnayanaM / leading to, near
]Baya / both
]drma\ / the belly
]dkma\ / water
}: / Lord Siva, the
moon.

}$:

/

the thigh

?YaBa

/

a bull

?xa

/

a bear, a star

AaoGa

/

a flood, stream

Aaoodna

/

boiled rice,

rice

AaOYaQa

/

medicine, a herb

AMXa

/

a share, part

Amk

/

the lap, sign

kmaz

/

a tortoise

kmalaM

/

lotus

krNa

/

making, doing

kca

/

hair

kpT

/

fraud, trick

Kga

/

a bird

gaja

/

an elephant

gamana

/

going, motion

gat

/

gone, departed

GaT

/

watering pot,

jar

Gana

/

compact, firm, hard

GaTna

/

effort

caTk

/

a sparrow

caYak

/

a vessel

Cgala

/

a goat

jana

/

a living being,

man

janana

/

birth

JaYa

/

a fish

JaMp

/

jump, spring

TMk

/

an axe,

a sword

Dmar

/

riot, petty war

Na:

/

knowledge,

certainly

tt:

/

then, afterwards

dmana

/

taming, defeating

QanaM

/

property

maqana

/

Churning

madna

/

Cupid, delighting

marNa

/

death, fatal

ptna

/

descending, falling from dignity

fla

/

fruit, crop,

a result

bala

/

power,strength

BaYaNa

/

barking

yavana

/

a Greek

yaXa

/ fame, glory,

rxaNa

/

protection

rjat

/

silver,

lava

/

son of Rama, plucking

lavaNa

/

salt, lovely,

handsome

laya

/

dissolutin, union

valaya

/

a bracelet,

armlet

vana / forest
SaSa / rabbit, a hare
XarNa / a place of refuge
samaya / time,
sakla / all, whole,
Xakla / a part, portion,
piece
hrNa / seizing, taking
ht / killed
hr / lord siva
xapNak / was a poet in king Vikram’s court.

Note: Pl. practice these words carefully.

Lessons are prepared and published on behalf of Kalidasa-Samskrita-Kendram Trust, Madurantakam by V.C. Govindarajan. Your feedback to or

Dear members, if you are satisfied pl. inform others to join the group to learn this great language. Sanskrit is the Heritage of India. Please pen your suggestions to my personal id. Pl. avoid using the group id for enquiries. Dhanyavadah.

by Kalidasa-Samskrita-Kendram, Madurantakam.

Next: Vowel consonants