Pope John Paul II High School
Study Guide Second Semester Exam
Sophomore English
Vocabulary:
· Study Definitions, Synonyms, and Parts of Speech for words in Units 10-12.
· Use returned tests to help you study.
· Use www.vocabtest.com and www.vocabularyworkshop.com to help you study.
o Focus on definitions you missed on your test.
· Create Flash Cards on Quizlet.
Literary Terms/ Devices: Know definitions for the following from Oedipus the King: Refer to text pages 460 -461 and 468.
· tragedy aside parados
· irony (verbal, situational, dramatic)
· drama comedy oracle strophe
· dialogue tragic hero tragic flaw antistrophe
· stage directions soliloquy prologue
Literary Terms/ Devices from Dante’s Inferno: Refer to text pages 656 -657; 672, 674, 691
· allegory imagery paradisio
· Canto purgatorio characterization (direct/indirect)
· terza rima inferno allusion
· Create Flash cards for these terms on Quizlet.
Grammar for Writing:
· Revising, Proofreading/Editing in Essays
o Revising and Editing questions will include the following:
§ Addition of words and phrases
· Prepositional phrases
· Participles and Participial phrases
· Gerunds and Gerund phrases
· Infinitives and Infinitive phrases
§ Subject/Verb Agreement - focus on indefinite pronouns
§ Correct Verb Tense
§ Order of sentences and/or paragraphs
§ Correct Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement
§ Appositives / Appositive Phrases
§ Correct Use of First, Second, Third Person Point of View
§ Parallel Structure
Literature:
· Oedipus the King - Text pages 460 – 526
o Review all online resources
o Review the play
o Know the Characters
o Review all tests and handouts
· The Kite Runner – Make sure you have read the entire book
o Refer to handouts that include vocabulary, plot summaries and quotations (handouts were distributed to you and are still posted on my website under Literature Circles).
o Review all Study Guides and Summaries as well as the character list that can be found under Literature Circles on my website: mrs-sullivan.com
· Dante’s Inferno: Cantos I, III, V, and XXXIV – Text pages 656 - 692
o Review all online resources – powerpoints, videos, notes, handouts
o Review the name of all characters and their relationship to other characters
o Review all returned tests
o Review all handouts
o Create Flashcards for yourself on Quizlet.com by setting up a free account.
o Review notes posted on mrs-sullivan.com under the heading Literature.
o Review all of the Cantos.
Grammar:
· Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases – Grammar for Writing Book pages 137 – 138
o The bird on the stamp is a scarlet tanager.
· Participles and Participial Phrases:
o A participle is a verb form that acts as an adjective modifying a noun or pronoun.
§ There are two kinds of participles: present (-ing ending), and past (-ed ending)
§ The past participles of irregular verbs have different endings: written, known, run, seen, etc.
o Participle: We listened to the speaker’s opening remarks.
o Participial Phrase: An article published recently by Julia Reed says that the military look is always in fashion.
· Gerunds and Gerund Phrases – text pages 143 – 144
o A Gerund is a verb form that ends in –ing and acts as a noun, and it can be used as a subject, direct object, object of a preposition, and a predicate noun.
§ Jogging is Matt’s favorite exercise. (subject)
§ The magazine article discusses jogging. (direct object)
§ His early morning habit is jogging. (Predicate noun)
§ It details the benefits and drawbacks of jogging. (object of the preposition.
o Gerund Phrases are made up of a gerund and all of its modifiers and complements. A Gerund Phrase’s modifiers includes adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases. The entire phrase functions as a noun.
§ Walking the dog is Zach’s responsibility. (subject)
§ Lauren’s least favorite job is walking the dog. (Predicate noun)
§ Luckily, Zach likes taking the dog for a walk. (direct object)
§ Lauren and Zach fight about doing jobs around the house. (Object of the preposition)
· Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases : Text Pages145 -146
o An Infinitive is a verb form that is almost always preceded by the word “to.” In a sentence, an infinitive can act a noun, an adjective, or an adverb
§ I plan to compete. (Infinitive as a noun)
§ I was among the first runners to enter. (Infinitive as an adjective)
§ I am eager to win. (Infinitive as an adverb)
o An Infinitive Phrase is a phrase made up of an infinitive and all of its modifiers and complements. It may contain one or more prepositional phrases.
§ To land on the moon was once a dream. (Infinitive Phrase used as a noun – subject)
§ We ran the race to raise money for medical research. (Infinitive Phrase used as an adverb)
· Subject/verb agreement when using Indefinite Pronouns – text Page 193
o Each of the poem's sections is divided into cantos. (Singular subject takes singular verb)
· 2. Each of the sinners is punished according to the plan of symbolic retribution.
· 3. Everything is dark and dreary in the woods.
· 4. One of the characters in the story represents reason.
· 5. Another of the great poets is Homer.
Fragments and Run-On Sentences
o Fragment: studying all night
§ Correction: Add a subject – The students were studying all night.
o Run-On: We went to the store, we didn’t have enough money.
§ Correction: Add correct punctuation and/or conjunctions.
§ We went to the store, but we did not have enough money. (Added a coordinating conjunction turning sentence into a compound sentence which has two independent clauses connected by the conjunction “and” plus a comma).
§ We went to the store; we didn’t have enough money. (Added a semicolon turning the sentence into a compound sentence).
§ We went to the store. We didn’t have enough money. (Added a period and capitalized the first letter of “We” to turn the Run-On Sentence into two separate sentences.
§ Although we went to the store, we didn’t have enough money. (Added a subordinating conjunction to turn the sentence into a Complex Sentence with one dependent clause and one independent clause).
· Possessive Forms of Nouns –
o The boy’s bike
o The boys’ bikes
· Pronouns and Their Antecedents – page 193
· Know the difference between the following words:
than / then affect / effect a lot / allot
to /two/ too your /you’re of / have
accept / except there/ their / they’re