1) Identify All Major Components of Blood. (I.E. Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Plasma Etc.)

Biol 2122 Study Guide

Exam #1

Hematology:

1)  Identify all major components of blood. (i.e. erythrocytes, thrombocytes, plasma etc.)

2)  Know normal lab values for erythrocyte values for men and woman, leukocytes, thrombocytes and all critical lab plasma chemistry presented in lecture.

3)  What is a megakaryocyte?

4)  Know the percentage and volume of blood in an average adult.

5)  What names are given for stem cells located in the bone marrow that produce all blood cells?

6)  Identify the steps involved in erythropoiesis (just the ones given in lecture)

7)  What are the characteristics of a red blood cell?

8)  The protein ______allows the rbc to squeeze through small capillaries.

9)  What are the normal hemoglobin values for both men and woman?

10)  Define oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and carbaminohemoglobin.

11)  What are the steps involved in the life cycle of a red blood cell?

12)  Red Blood cells live ______days.

13)  What is urobilinogen and stercobilin?

14)  What are PMN’s

15)  What WBC’s make up granular leukocytes? Agranular leukocytes? Percentages?

16)  The most common WBC in circulation? Least common?

17)  Identify the major traits associated with neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes.

18)  Monocytes outside the blood are called ______.

19)  Plasma is obtained with the use of an anticoagulant. Plasma contains ____% water.

20)  What are three major proteins found in blood plasma?

21)  Identify the steps involved in the transport of Fe from the stomach to the bone marrow. Use terms such as gastroferritin, transferritin and apoferritin.

22)  How does one obtain a serum sample? A plasma sample?

23)  Identify the four major blood types. What is the most common? Least common?

24)  What antibodies are present in the plasma of each different blood type?

25)  What is the universal donor? Recipient?

26)  What percentage of the general population is Rh+?

27)  What condition would arise from an Rh- mother having a child with an Rh+ father?

28)  Numerous clinical cases presented using your knowledge of blood typing and cross-matching.

29)  Identify the major clotting proteins found in plasma (i.e. Factors I, II, IIa , prothrombin activator).

30)  Discuss the three steps involved in hemostasis (use terms such as prostacyclin, thromboxane A2, serotonin, extrinsic and intrinsic).

Cardiac:

1)  Identify the major anatomical structures of the heart including all layers of the pericardium.

2)  Bleeding into the pericardium is called______.

3)  What are the three layers of the heart?

4)  Trace blood flow though the heart beginning at the superior and inferior vena cava.

5)  What are the three vessels that drain deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

6)  Identify the major branches off of the right and left coronary arteries? Where do they supply blood to?

7)  What are the major components of the conduction system of the heart?

8)  What occurs at the P wave? QRS wave? T wave? Be able to match the abnormal EKG findings with the associated pathology (i.e. enlarged R-wave: ventricular hypertrophy).

9)  What are the three main parts of the cardiac cycle? What is occurring at each phase?

10)  How do you calculate Cardiac output? Stroke volume?

11)  What are the main causes of tachycardia? bradycardia?

12)  What is preload? afterload? Frank-Starling law?

13)  Identify which valves are closing during S1 and S2.

14)  Where is Erb’s point located? What is it’s significance?

Vascular anatomy and physiology:

1)  Define intracellular, extracellular and intracellular fluid.

2)  Define blood hydrostatic pressure, blood colloid osmotic pressure, bulk flow and net filtration pressure.

3)  What is edema? Pitting edema?

4)  Order blood flows. Aorta-arteries-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins-vena cava.

5)  Blood flow is directly proportional to blood pressure and inversely proportional to ______.

6)  How does one figure out pulse pressure? What is the pulse pressure of an individual with a systolic of 130mm/Hg and a diastolic of 80 mm/Hg?

7)  Identify the three layers of an artery and a vein. Veins have valves.

8)  What are the three types of capillaries and where are they found?

9)  Identify all major arteries and veins found in the lecture packet.

10) Numerous clinical cases demonstrating factors controlling blood pressure.

11) Understand the neural factors affecting BP.

12) Understand the chemical factors affecting BP.

13) How do the kidney affect blood pressure? Use terms such as renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and II, aldosterone.

14) Identify the 9 major pulse points.