Chemistry Homework

Honors Biology

Atomic Structure

1.  Describe the structure of an atom. Be sure to include the sub-atomic particles, their size, their charge, and where they are found in the atom.

2.  Use your periodic chart to complete the following table:

Name & symbol / Number of Protons / Number of Electrons / Number of Neutrons
Silicon, ______
45
31

3.  A chlorine atom has 18 electrons. What type of atom is this?

4.  A rare form of hydrogen weighs 2 Daltons. Two of these hydrogens can combine with oxygen to form deuterium, or heavy water. The described hydrogen would be what type of atom?

5.  What does it mean if an element is radioactive? Explain the two ways radioactive material can harm living things.

6.  What is the difference between ionic attractions (incorrectly called ionic bonds) and covalent bonds?

Water

7.  What is a polar covalent bond?

8.  What is a hydrogen bond?

9.  Define cohesion and adhesion. Why is the cohesiveness of water important to living things?

10.  Define pH. Include a sketch of the pH scale, and show where you would find acidic, basic, and neutral compounds.

11.  The pH scale is logarithmic. What is the difference in H+ concentration between an acid with a pH of 1 and an acid with a pH of 3?

12.  What is unique about solid water compared to liquid water? Why is this important to biology?

13.  What is special about the heat capacity of water? Why is this important to biology?

Review

14.  Draw the electron shell arrangement of Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), and Magnesium (Mg).

15.  What type (anion or cation) and magnitude of ion would you expect Beryllium (Be), Sulfur (S), and Potassium (K) to make?

16.  Nitrogen forms a covalent bond with hydrogen. How many hydrogens are needed for nitrogen to form a stable molecule?

17.  Explain the difference between a polar covalent bond and a hydrogen bond.