Avian tuberculosis
OIE Reference Laboratory Reports
Activities in 2010
Name of disease (or topic) for which you are a designated OIE Reference Laboratory: / Avian tuberculosisAddress of laboratory: / Veterinary Research Institute
Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Tel.: / (+420-5) 33.33.16.01
Fax: / (+420-5) 33.33.12.29
e-mail address: /
website: / http://www.vri.cz/en/departments/food-and-feed-safety/oie-reference-laboratory-for-paratuberculosis/
Name of Head of Laboratory (Responsible Official): / Professor Ivo Pavlik
Name of OIE Reference Expert: / Professor Ivo Pavlik
Name of writer of this report
(if different from above): / Professor Ivo Pavlik
Dr Iva Slana
Dr Alena Kralova
Part I: Summary of general activities related to the disease
1. Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease/topic at your laboratory
Test / For / Specificity / TotalRapid agglutination (130) / Antibodies / Corpuscular antigen of M. avium subsp. avium (serotype 2), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (serotype 8) and M.intracellulare (serotype 19) / 94 pigs,
1 cattle,
4 horses,
27 birds of prey,
1 human,
1 toucan,
1 antelope
MAPIA (454)
/ Antibodies / Recombinant protein MPB83, MPB70 and MPT64 / 124 wild ruminants,74 cattle,
19 horses,
9 pigs,
225 animals from ZOO,
3 humans
Culture examination (1882)
/ Mycobacteria / Conventional culture technique (media without Mycobactin J) / 1146 fish tissues, 252 pig tissues, 44 bird tissues, 6human tissues, 114 other mammals tissues, 1 invertebrates tissue, 319 environmental samplesPCR Quadruplex (36)
/ Isolates / Quadruplex system for M.avium species differentiation1 / 17 M. a. avium12 M. a. hominissuis
2 M. a. paratuberculosis
5 laboratory isolates
16SrRNA PCR (211)
/ Isolates / 16S rRNA PCR system for Mycobacterium sp. and M.avium complex members identification1 / 80 M.avium sp.6 M. intracellulare
102 other atypical mycobacteria4
16SrDNA sequencing (94)
/ Isolates / Differentiation of Mycobacterium sp. Harmsen et al.5 and Telenti et al.6 / 2 M. algericum2 M. arupense
1 M. asiaticum
1 M. colombiense
1 M. europaeum
1 M. flavescens
3 M. fortuitum
9 M. gordonae
2 M. hiberniae
4 M. chelonae/abscessus
1 M. chimaera
7 M. intracelulare
2 M. kansasii
1 M. kumamotonense
2 M. lentiflavum
7 M. marinum/ M. ulcerans
3 M. montefiorense
3 M. nebraskense
2 M. neoaurum
1 M. nonchromogenicum
3 M. peregrinum/septicum
2 M. saskatchewanense
1 M. szulgai
1 M. terrae
3 M. triplex komplex
1 M. triviale
1 M.kumamotonense
2 MAC
9 M. sp.
Quantitative real time PCR (483)
/ M. a. avium and M.a. hominissuis / IS1245 and IS9017 / 170 tissues48 faeces
61 isolates
204 environment
Quantitative real time PCR (186)
/ M. marinum and M.ulcerans-like / erp and IS24048 / 171fish tissues13 human tissues
2 gastropods
1Home made technique for the detection and differentiation of members of the M. avium species: Moravkova, M., Hlozek, P., Beran, V., Pavlik, I., Preziuso, S., Cuteri, V., Bartos, M.: Strategy for the detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium avium species in isolates and heavily infected tissues. Research in Veterinary Science, 2008, 85 (2), 257-264.
2Van Soolingen, D., Bauer, J., Leăo, S., Pavlik, I., Vincent, V., Rastogi, N., Gori, A., Bodmer, T., Garzelli, C., Garcia, M. J.: IS1245 Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of Mycobacterium avium isolates: proposal for standardization. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1998, 36 (10), 3051-3054.
3Dvorska, L., Bull, T. J., Bartos, M., Matlova, L., Svastova, P., Weston, R. T., Kintr, J., Parmova, I., Van Soolingen, D., Pavlik, I.: A standardised restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for typing Mycobacterium avium isolates links IS901 with virulence for birds. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2003, 55 (1), 11-27.
4 Non-identified mycobacterial species other than members of M. avium species, M. avium complex and M. tuberculosis complex.
5Harmsen, D., Dostal, S., Roth, A., Niemann, S., Rothganger, J., Sammeth, M., Albert, J., Frosch, M., Richter, E., 11-11-2003. RIDOM: comprehensive and public sequence database for identification of Mycobacterium species. BMC Infection Diseases, 2003, 3, 26.
6Telenti, A., Marchesi, F., Balz, M., Bally, F., Böttger, E.C. and Bodmer, T. Rapid identification of mycobacteria to the species level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1993, 31 (2), 175-178.
7Specific fragments for M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis; home made technique, Slana, I., Kaevska, M., Kralik, P., Horvathova, A., Pavlik, I.: Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and M.a.hominissuis in artificially infected pigs studied by culture and IS901 and IS1245 quantitative Real Time PCR. Veterinary Microbiology, 26;144:437-43
8Specific fragments for M. marinum and M. ulcerans-like organisms; home made technique, Slany, M., Pavlik, I.: The presence of Mycobacterium marinum in aquarium of infected human studied by erp and IS2404 competitive real time quantitative PCR assays, Journal of Medical Microbiology, submitted.
2. Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents
None
Part II: Activities specifically related to the mandate
of OIE Reference Laboratories
3. International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the production and testing of vaccines
None
4. Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines
None
5. Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control
Liquid culture examination of causal agent of avian tuberculosis: Shitaye, J.E., Beran, V., Svobodova, J., Moravkova, M., Babak, V., Pavlik, I.: Comparison of the conventional culture, the Manual Fluorescent MGIT System and the Automated Fluorescent MGIT 960 Culture System for the detection of Mycobacteriumavium subsp.avium in tissues of naturally infected hens. Folia Microbiologica, 2009, 54 (2), 137-141.
Developed quantitative real time PCR for the direct detection of causal agent of avian tuberculosis: Slana, I., Kaevska, M., Kralik, P., Horvathova, A., Pavlik, I.: Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and M.a.hominissuis in artificially infected pigs studied by culture and IS901 and IS1245 quantitative real time PCR. Veterinary Microbiology, 2010, 144, 437-443.
Direct detection of causal agent of avian tuberculosis in heavily infected tissue by direct PCR: Kriz, P., Slana I., Mrlik, V., Moravkova, M., Kralova, A., Krizova, K., Pavlik, I.: Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) diagnosed by direct conventional multiplex PCR: a case report. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (2), 87-90. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-2-87.pdf
6. Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease control
None
7. Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Members
Consultation given to the experts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, Croatia, Finland, Serbia and Spain.
8. Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Members
Under the terms of OIE Reference laboratory three laboratory trainings are provided:
Cultivation, microscopy and identification methods for the detection of mycobacteria (5 days training)
http://www.vri.cz/userfiles/file/hide/06-CLT-1.pdf
The quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in milk using real-time qPCR (5 days)
http://www.vri.cz/userfiles/file/hide/06-qPCR-1.pdf
The differentiation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and using RFLP analysis (7 days)
http://www.vri.cz/userfiles/file/hide/06-RFLP-1.pdf
Sequence analysis for identification of mycobacteria
http://www.vri.cz/userfiles/file/Referencni_laboratore/04-SEQ-1.pdf
9. Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Members
None
10. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies
None
11. Participation in international scientific collaborative studies
Animal disease research, prevention and food chain protection, part: Mycobacterial infections of animals. Institutional Research Plan, 1.1.2009-31.12.2013. Ministry of Agriculture, the Czech Republic, No.: MZE 0002716202, Project leader: Prof. MVDr. Jiri Rubes, CSc., VRI Brno, Czech Republic
Efficiency of alternative methods for prevention of enteric diseases in pigs and determination of risks from an aspect of food safety. National Agency for Agricultural Research (NAZV), No. QH71054, 1.1.2007-31.12.20011, Project leader: Prof. MVDr. Ivo Pavlik, CSc., VRI Brno, Czech Republic.
Mycobacterial infections in freshwater fish and their impact for livestock and humans. National Agency for Agricultural Research (NAZV), No. QH91240, 1.1.2009-31.12.20011, Project leader: Prof. MVDr. Ivo Pavlik, CSc., VRI Brno, Czech Republic.
The methods development for the detection and quantification of important bacterial and viral pathogens contaminating food, water and environment and threatening humans’ and animals’ health. Safety Research Programme of the Czech Republic during the years 2010 and 2015 (BV II/2-VS), Project leader: Prof. MVDr. Ivo Pavlik, CSc., 1.10.2010 – 30.9.2015.
¡ European Union Grants
Center for Advanced Microbiology & Immunology Research in Veterinary Medicine. Acronym: AdmireVet. Registration No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0006. Regional R&D Centre. Ministry of Education, Youth and sports of the Czech Republic. 1.12.2009-31.12.2013. Co-ordinator: Prof. MVDr. Ivo Pavlík, CSc.
12. Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences)
¡ Presentations at international conferences and meetings
¡ Slany, M., Svobodova, J., Pavlik, I.: Molecular differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members from non tuberculous mycobacteria. In: 20th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID). Vienna, Austria, 10.-13.4.2010, O240.
¡ Kaevska, M., Slana, I., Kralik, P., Pavlik, I.: Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis detection by triplex quantitative real time PCR for in children with lymphadenitis and in their environment. In: European Society for Mycobacteria (ESM) 2010, Bled, Slovenia, 4.-7.7.2010, 103.
¡ Klanicova, B., Slana, I., Kaevska, M., Pavlik, I.: Real-time quantitative PCR detection of Mycobacterium avium species in raw and processed beef products. In: European Society for Mycobacteria (ESM) 2010, Bled, Slovenia, 4.-7.7.2010, 181.
¡ Pavlik, I.: Ecology of mycobacteria. In: European Society for Mycobacteria (ESM) 2010, Bled, Slovenia, 4.-7.7.2010, 43.
¡ Scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals
¡ Kaevska, M., Slana, I., Kralik, P., Pavlik, I.: Examination of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium distribution in naturally infected hens by culture and triplex quantitative real time PCR. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (7), 325-330. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-7-325.pdf
¡ Kaevska, M., Hruska, K.: Analysis of publications on Mycobacterium avium from 1995 to 2009 with emphasis on the period from 2005 to 2009. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (10), 472-482. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-10-473.pdf
¡ Kaevska, M., Hruska, K.: Mycobacteria in water, feedstocks and food: analysis of publications. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (12), 571-580. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-10-571.pdf
¡ Klanicova, B., Vondruskova, H., Slana, I., Kaevska, M., Pavlik, I.: Real-time quantitative PCR detection of Mycobacterium avium species in various beef, pork and chicken meat products. Journal of Food Protection, 12.12.2010 in press.
¡ Kriz, P., Slana I., Mrlik, V., Moravkova, M., Kralova, A., Krizova, K., Pavlik, I.: Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) diagnosed by direct conventional multiplex PCR: a case report. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (2), 87-90. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-2-87.pdf
¡ Kriz, P., Jahn, P., Bezdekova, B., Blahutkova, M., Mrlik, V., Slana, I., Pavlik, I.: Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection in horses. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010, 16 (8), 1328-1329.
¡ Krizova, K., Matlova, L., Horvathova, A., Moravkova, M., Beran, V., Boisselet, T., Babak, V., Slana, I., Pavlik, I.: Mycobacteria in the environment of pig farms in the Czech Republic between 2003 and 2007. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (2), 55-69. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-2-55.pdf
¡ Novotny, L., Halouzka, R., Matlova, L., Vavra, O., Bartosova, L., Slany, M., Pavlik, I.: Morphology and distribution of granulomatous inflammation in freshwater ornamental fish infected with mycobacteria. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2010, 33, 947-955.
¡ Shitaye, J.E., Halouzka, R., Svobodova, J., Grymova, V., Grym, M., Skoric, M., Fictum, P., Beran, V., Slany, M., Pavlik, I.: First isolation of Mycobacterium genavense in blue headed parrot (Pionus menstruus) imported from Surinam (South America) to the Czech Republic: a case report. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (7), 339-347. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-7-339.pdf
¡ Skoric, M., Fictum, P., Frgelecova, L., Kriz, P., Slana, I., Kaevska, M., Pavlik, I.: Avian tuberculosis in a captured Ruppell’s griffon vulture (Gyps ruppellii). Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (7), 348-352. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-7-348.pdf
¡ Slana, I., Kaevska, M., Kralik, P., Horvathova, A., Pavlik, I.: Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and M.a.hominissuis in artificially infected pigs studied by culture and IS901 and IS1245 quantitative real time PCR. Veterinary Microbiology, 2010, 144, 437-443.
¡ Slany, M., Knotek, Z., Skoric, M., Knotkova, Z., Svobodova, J., Mrlik, V., Moravkova, M., Pavlik, I.: Systemic mixed infection in a brown caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) caused by Mycobacterium szulgai and M.chelonae: a case report. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (2), 91-96. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-2-91.pdf
¡ Slany, M., Svobodova, J., Ettlova, A., Slana, I., Mrlik, V., Pavlik, I.: Mycobacterium arupense among the isolates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from human, animal and environmental samples. Veterinarni Medicina, 2010, 55 (8), 369-376. http://www.vri.cz/docs/vetmed/55-8-369.pdf
¡ Slany, M., Mrlik, V., Kriz, P., Pavlik, I.: First isolation of newly described Mycobacterium insubricum from freshwater fish. Veterinary Microbiology, 2010, 144, 254-255.
¡ Other communications
¡ Knowledge dissemination is an important activity of the OIE Reference Laboratories for Paratuberculosis and Avian Tuberculosis, supported by the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic and Biomedical Technology, Epidemiology and Food Safety Global Network. Databases on paratuberculosis and Crohn’s disease digest were updated in 2010 with a total of 352 new publications, indexed in the Web of Science® (Thomson Reuters) database (212 and 140, respectively). Members of the Biomedical Technology, Epidemiology and Food Safety Global Network were informed about new publications by e-mails in weekly intervals. Both databases are available at the web page of the OIE Reference Laboratory for Paratuberculosis, hosted by the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno. Network members from Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, United Kingdom and USA requested 755 papers from those on offer. In total, 43 new items of information were distributed by e-mail to network members as the Centaur Global Network Information and were simultaneously archived at the network web page. This open access system means that all information is available not only for the Centaur Global Network members. Everybody can register as a person, interested in any or all of the 27 fields of interest, one of which is (08) Mycobacterial diseases. In total, 473 e-mail notifications were dispatched in 2010, mostly to distribution lists (27) Scientific information, (23) Education, (05) Zoonoses, (04) Food borne diseases and (08) Mycobacterial diseases. The distance learning course on Good Research Practice was run twice in 2010. The first one, GRP 2010, closed in March and had 69 participants from 11 countries (Bangladesh, Cameroon, Czech Republic, Germany, Hong Kong, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Spain, Uganda, United Kingdom). The second, GRP 2011, opened in October 2010 and is not yet finished. This course had 104 participants from 27 countries (Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Iran, Iraq/Kurdistan, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Qatar, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Zambia). Papers, published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database, were analysed and the results are available in two publications: