*Denotes Studies That Utilized Multiple Detection Methods

Supplemental Table 1. Overall and type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence, by HPV detection method and study.

Type-specific HPV Prevalence (%)
Author
(Year Published) / Continent / Country / ESCC Cases N / Any§ / 6 / 11 / 16 / 18 / 31 / 33 / HPV DNA Source¶ / PCR Primers or
Serology Antibodies‖
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Bahnassy et al, 2005 / Africa / Egypt / 47 / 51.1 / 6.4 / 25.5 / 12.8 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / SPF10
Patel et al, 2011 / Africa / Kenya / 28 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / E7
White et al, 2005 / Africa / Kenya / 29 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Schafer et al, 2013 / Africa / South Africa / 114 / 8.8 / 7.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11, GP5+/6+
Matsha et al, 2007* / Africa / South Africa / 114 / 45.6 / 19.3 / 5.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, GP5+/6+, E6
Matsha et al, 2002 / Africa / South Africa / 50 / 46.0 / 22.0 / 4.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, GP5+/6+
Cooper et al, 1995* / Africa / South Africa / 9‡ / 66.7 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / E6
Togawa et al, 1994*,† / Africa / South Africa / 18 / 16.7 / 16.7 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Goto et al, 2011*,† / Asia / China / 31 / 3.2 / 1.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Wang et al, 2010† / Asia / China / 347 / 54.8 / 2.6 / 27.7 / 4.9 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / Other, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Zhang et al, 2010 / Asia / China / 70 / 50.0 / 30.0 / 11.4 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Liu et al, 2010 / Asia / China / 69 / 50.7 / 50.7 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Song et al, 2009 / Asia / China / 140 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / Not Reported
Liu et al, 2005 / Asia / China / 40 / 60.0 / 60.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Si et al, 2003 / Asia / China / 319 / 13.5 / 12.2 / 1.9 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Shen et al, 2002 / Asia / China / 77 / 54.5 / 39.0 / 22.1 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Shen et al, 2002 / Asia / China / 55 / 65.5 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1C1/C2
Shen et al, 2002 / Asia / China / 44 / 77.3 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Ma et al, 2000 / Asia / China / 22 / 54.6 / 27.3 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific, L1
Suzuk et al, 1996*,† / Asia / China / 70 / 4.3 / 1.4 / 2.9 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific, L1
Liu et al, 2013 / Asia / China - High risk / 253 / 20.6 / 20.6 / 2.4 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Wang et al, 2013 / Asia / China - High risk / 92 / 20.7 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11
Hu et al, 2013 / Asia / China - High risk / 60 / 35.0 / 35.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Guo et al, 2012* / Asia / China - High risk / 300 / 31.0 / 23.3 / 0.7 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / Other
Hu et al, 2012 / Asia / China - High risk / 200 / 41.0 / 41.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Chen et al, 2012 / Asia / China - High risk / 66 / 66.7 / Not Reported / MY09/11
Qu et al, 2012 / Asia / China - High risk / 46 / 80.4 / 47.8 / 41.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / GP5+/6+
Hasim et al, 2011 / Asia / China - High risk / 50 / 38.0 / 38.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Koshiol et al, 2010 / Asia / China - High risk / 267 / 1.1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.4 / 0.0 / 0.4 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / SPF10, Other, HPV 16 Specific
Zhou et al, 2009 / Asia / China - High risk / 82 / 31.7 / 31.7 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Liao et al, 2009a / Asia / China - High risk / 63 / 36.5 / 36.5 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Ding et al, 2009 / Asia / China - High risk / 44 / 84.1 / 84.1 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Yang et al, 2008 / Asia / China - High risk / 435 / 70.8 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Chen et al, 2008 / Asia / China - High risk / 318 / 64.5 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Lu et al, 2008 / Asia / China - High risk / 67 / 20.9 / 4.5 / 7.5 / 7.5 / 3.0 / 3.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / SPF10
Zhou et al, 2007 / Asia / China - High risk / 161 / 60.2 / 60.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Liu et al, 2007 / Asia / China - High risk / 112 / 38.4 / 38.4 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Dai et al, 2007* / Asia / China - High risk / 94 / 11.7 / 10.6 / 0.0 / 1.1 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / Other
Shuyama et al, 2007* / Asia / China - High risk / 59 / 32.2 / 1.7 / 25.4 / 5.1 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+, SPF10
Cao et al, 2005 / Asia / China - High risk / 265 / 78.1 / 68.7 / 4.2 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Lu et al, 2004 / Asia / China - High risk / 104 / 52.9 / 52.9 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Liu et al, 2003 / Asia / China - High risk / 152 / 18.4 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / PUIM/2R, L1
Zhou et al, 2003* / Asia / China - High risk / 48 / 64.6 / 64.6 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific
Chang et al, 2000a* / Asia / China - High risk / 101 / 16.8 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11
De Villiers et al, 1999* / Asia / China - High risk / 93 / 15.1 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / GP5+/6+, L1
He et al, 1997* / Asia / China - High risk / 152 / 21.1 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
He et al, 1996* / Asia / China - High risk / 103 / 35.9 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Chen et al, 1994* / Asia / China - High risk / 39 / 59.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / Other
Chen, 1993* / Asia / China - High risk / 40 / 60.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5/6, Other
Chang et al, 1992* / Asia / China - High risk / 51 / 49.0 / 5.9 / 13.7 / 17.7 / 13.7 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / Other, L1
Vaiphei et al, 2013 / Asia / India / 23 / 69.6 / 8.7 / 8.7 / 8.7 / 8.7 / 8.7 / 8.7 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Gupta et al, 2012 / Asia / India / 44 / 38.6 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11
Hussain et al, 2009 / Asia / India / 75 / 18.7 / 18.7 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Haeri et al, 2013 / Asia / Iran / 30 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Yahyapour et al, 2012 / Asia / Iran / 177 / 27.7 / 2.8 / 4.0 / 0.6 / 0.6 / 1.1 / 1.1 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11
Abdirad et al, 2012 / Asia / Iran / 93 / 8.6 / 3.2 / 3.2 / 1.1 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / SPF10
Noori et al, 2012 / Asia / Iran / 92 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / L1
Emadian et al, 2011 / Asia / Iran / 40 / 37.5 / 22.5 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / Other
Mohseni Mehran, 2010 / Asia / Iran / 45 / 51.1 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+, Other, Other
Far et al, 2007 / Asia / Iran / 140 / 23.6 / 14.3 / 7.1 / 0.7 / 1.4 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Moradi & Mokhtari-Azad, 2006 / Asia / Iran / 85 / 49.4 / 11.8 / 29.4 / 9.4 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Farhadi et al, 2005 / Asia / Iran / 38 / 36.8 / 13.2 / 7.9 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Togawa et al, 1994*,† / Asia / Iran / 7 / 14.3 / 0.0 / 14.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Goto et al, 2011*,† / Asia / Japan / 76 / 5.3 / 1.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Castillo et al, 2011† / Asia / Japan / 75 / 14.7 / 1.3 / 0.0 / 12.0 / 2.7 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / Other, HPV 16 Specific
Hasegawa et al, 2002 / Asia / Japan / 48 / 41.7 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 35.4 / 8.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Khurshid et al, 1998 / Asia / Japan / 27 / 63.0 / 11.1 / 14.8 / 59.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific, E6
Takahashi et al, 1998* / Asia / Japan / 24 / 12.5 / 0.0 / 12.5 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Saegusa, 1997 / Asia / Japan / 92 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / PUIM/2R, L1C1/C2, HPV 16 Specific
Mizobuchi et al, 1997* / Asia / Japan / 41 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Shibagaki et al, 1995* / Asia / Japan / 72 / 20.8 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / PUIM/2R
Togawa et al, 1994*,† / Asia / Japan / 4 / 25.0 / 25.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Toh et al, 1992 / Asia / Japan / 45 / 6.7 / 2.2 / 4.4 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / PUIM/2R, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Kawaguchi et al, 2000† / Asia / Japan and China / 75 / 22.7 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Castillo et al, 2011† / Asia / Pakistan / 42 / 26.2 / 4.8 / 0.0 / 21.4 / 4.8 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / Other, HPV 16 Specific
Goto et al, 2011*,† / Asia / South Korea / 74 / 5.4 / 1.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Koh et al, 2008 / Asia / South Korea / 102 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / PUIM/2R, HPV 16 Specific
Wang et al, 1999* / Asia / Taiwan / 31 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11
Kiki et al, 2002 / Asia / Turkey / 30 / 33.3 / 30.0 / 23.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Antonsson et al, 2010 / Australia / Australia / 222 / 3.6 / 2.7 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Lambot et al, 2000 / Europe / Belgium / 21 / 4.8 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11
Lambot et al, 1998 / Europe / Belgium / 21 / 4.8 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11
Benamouzig et al, 1995 / Europe / France / 75 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Togawa et al, 1994*,† / Europe / France / 8 / 12.5 / 12.5 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Pantelis et al, 2007 / Europe / Germany / 53 / 17.0 / 11.3 / 5.7 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Awerkiew et al, 2003 / Europe / Germany / 23 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / GP5+/6+
Lyronis et al, 2005 / Europe / Greece / 30 / 56.7 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 3.3 / 50.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Szentirmay et al, 2002 / Europe / Hungary / 82 / 39.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 18.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11, GP5/6, HPV 16 Specific
Tornesello et al, 2009 / Europe / Italy / 36 / 27.8 / 2.8 / 2.8 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, GP5+/6+, Other
Talamini et al, 2000 / Europe / Italy / 45 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, GP5+/6+
Togawa et al, 1994*,† / Europe / Italy / 20 / 10.0 / 10.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Snijders et al, 1997 / Europe / Netherlands / 21 / 47.6 / Not Reported / GP5+/6+
Smits et al, 1995 / Europe / Netherlands / 63 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11, GP5/6, PUIM/2R
Dabrowski et al, 2012 / Europe / Poland / 56 / 50.0 / 5.4 / 21.4 / 5.4 / 5.4 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Poljak & Cerar, 1993* / Europe / Slovenia / 20 / 10.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 10.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11
Lofdahl et al, 2012 / Europe / Sweden / 204 / 9.8 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 6.4 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.5 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Dreilich et al, 2006 / Europe / Sweden / 71 / 14.1 / 14.1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Morgan et al, 1997* / Europe / United Kingdom / 22 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / Other
Herrera-Goepfert et al, 2009 / North America / Mexico / 60 / 25.0 / 10.0 / 8.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, GP5/6, L1C1/C2
Wang et al, 2010† / North America / United States / 54 / 66.7 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / Other, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Miller et al, 1997* / North America / United States / 22 / 45.5 / 31.8 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific
Suzuk et al, 1996*,† / North America / United States / 23 / 4.4 / 0.0 / 4.4 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific, L1
Togawa et al, 1994*,† / North America / United States / 15 / 13.3 / 13.3 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
& Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Turner et al, 1997† / North America / United States, Canada / 51 / 2.0 / 2.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Kamath et al, 2000 / North America / United States / 22 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / L1
Herbster et al, 2012* / South America / Brazil / 264 / 14.4 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / MY09/11, GP5+/6+
Souto Damin et al, 2006 / South America / Brazil / 165 / 15.8 / 15.2 / 1.2 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+, HPV 16 Specific, HPV 18 Specific
Weston & Prolla, 2003 / South America / Brazil / 40 / 2.5 / Fresh Frozen Tissue / Not Reported
Castillo et al, 2006*,† / South America / Chile / 26 / 19.2 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 19.2 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
Castillo et al, 2011† / South America / Colombia / 49 / 18.4 / 2.0 / 0.0 / 12.2 / 4.1 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / Other, HPV 16 Specific
Castillo et al, 2006*,† / South America / Colombia / 47 / 34.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 12.8 / 21.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue / GP5+/6+
In Situ Hybridization
Goto et al, 2011*,† / Asia / China / 31 / 6.5 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
Jin & Cao, 2007* / Asia / China / 90 / 65.6 / 65.6 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
Yao et al, 2006* / Asia / China / 82 / 28.1 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
Qi et al, 2006* / Asia / China / 60 / 40.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
Zhu et al, 2005 / Asia / China / 119 / 72.3 / 72.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
Chang et al, 1997 / Asia / China / 36 / 8.3 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
Suzuk et al, 1996*,† / Asia / China / 83 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
Loke et al, 1990* / Asia / China / 37 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue
Zhou et al, 2003* / Asia / China - High risk / 48 / 39.6 / 39.6 / Paraffin Fixed Tissue