Digestive System
Overview of the digestive system
· Functions
· Parts of the GI tract (alimentary canal)
o Mouth
o Pharynx
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small intestine
o Cecum
o Large intestine
o Rectum
o Anus
· Mouth
o Function
o Important features
§ Teeth
§ Tongue
§ Salivary glands
· 3 sets of salivary glands
o Functions of saliva
o 3 phases of secretion of saliva
§ Psychic stage
§ Buccal phase
§ Esophageal phase
o Once you chew food up, it is called bolus
· Pharynx
o Function
· Esophagus
o Function
o Location
o Features
o Peristalsis
o Problems associated with the esophagus
· Stomach
o Functions
o Features
o Pylorospasm
o It takes 2-6 hours for the stomach to empty
o 3 main groups of cells in the stomach
§ Chief cells
§ Parietal cells
§ Goblet cells
o 3 phases of digestion
§ Cephalic phase
§ Gastric phase
§ Intestinal phase
o Speed of digestion
§ Slow
§ Fast
§ In between
o 3 ways to prevent self digestion (eating away of the stomach lining)
o Ulcer occurrence in the sexes
o Ulcers and bacteria
o Heartburn
§ GERD
§ Causes
§ Treatment
· Small intestine
o Length
o Functions
o Chyme
o Segmentation
o Inner surface of the small intestine
o Brunner’s Gland
o Enzymes in the intestines
o 5 brushborder enzymes
· Liver
o Size/weight
o 4 lobes
o Functions
o An exocrine gland
o Bile
o Porta hepatica
o Portal system
· Pancreas
o Length
o Weight
o “Arms” of the duodenum
o Functions (2)
o Pancreatitis
· Large intestines
o Length
o Appendix
o Cecum
o Functions
o Problems with the large intestine
· Urinary system (excretory system)
o Kidneys
§ Shape
§ Size
§ Location
§ Functions
§ Problems