A Relatively Permanent Change in Behavior Due to Experience Is the Definition Of

Name:______

Chapter 6 Test 10th Grade Psychology Teacher Ms. Heilman

Multiple Choice 29pts

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience is the definition of:
a. learning.
b. classical conditioning.
c. stimulus.
d. acquisition.

A type of learning is which the subject learns to associate a stimulus with a given response is:
a. generalization.
b. stimulus.
c. acquisition.
d. classical conditioning.

If a light is dimmed before a person's eye, the pupil will dilate. If a sequence of events is established in which a bell is rung, the light is dimmed, and the pupil dilates, the pupil will eventually dilate with just the ringing of the bell. If this happens, the light dimming is called the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditioned stimulus.
d. conditioned response.

Rats are exposed to a bright light while being injected with an overdose of insulin. In time, the bright light alone produces a response that is almost indistinguishable from that produced by the insulin. The bright light in this example is the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditioned stimulus.
d. conditioned response.

In Pavlov's experiment with classical conditioning the dog salivated when a bell was rung, even though the food did not follow. In the case above, the bell is called the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditioned stimulus.
d. conditioned response.

If you rang a bell to signal your dog that his food is being put on the plate, the dog will learn to come when the bell is rung. If you then cease to feed the dog after ringing the bell, which of the following will eventually take place?
a. discrimination
b. extinction
c. generalization
d. spontaneous recovery

Extinction does not destroy the learning of the response. This is demonstrated by:
a. acquisition.
b. generalization.
c. discrimination.
d. spontaneous recovery.

A boy has been conditioned to be afraid of a bus. He also finds he is afraid of cars and trains. This is an example of:
a. discrimination.
b. extinction.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. generalization.

The process in which an organism produces different responses to similar stimuli is:
a. discrimination.
b. extinction.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. generalization.

Which of the following would be considered the best form of classical conditioning found in everyday life?
a. animal training
b. taste aversion
c. learning to drive
d. studying for a unit test
A type of learning in which the subject associates a particular behavior with its consequence is called:
a. classical conditioning.
b. extinction.
c. operant conditioning.
d. discrimination.

At an amusement park a duck will turn on a lamp and play a piano every time a coin is put into a slot. He then receives a piece of corn for performing his tricks. The duck is demonstrating:
a. extreme musical talent.
b. classical conditioning.
c. imitation.
d. operant conditioning.

Eileen, a second grade teacher, is always providing favorable consequences for her students's "good" behaviors and unfavorable consequences for "bad" behaviors. Eileen is working off the principle of:
a. spontaneous recovery.
b. extinction.
c. generalization.
d. the law of effect.

Any consequence of a behavior that decreases the frequency of that behavior is a:
a. punishment.
b. reinforcement.
c. operant.
d. stimulus.

At the end of football practice the team always has to run 10 laps around the field, which everyone hates. If a player makes a good play the coach tells the player they can run 1 less lap. At the end of practice some players have to run the full 10 laps while others who performed well run less. In this example the removal of running a lap is considered a:
a. punishment.
b. positive reinforcement.
c. negative reinforcement.
d. extinction stimulus.

The best example of a primary reinforcement is:
a. money to someone poor.
b. water to someone thirsty.
c. coupons for a free pass into a movie.
d. tickets from a game which are eventually turned in for a prize.

A learning experiment is set up in the following manner. A rat is in the Skinner Box, and every time the light goes on and the rat presses down on the bar it gets reinforced with food. If the light is off, pressing down on the bar causes no response. This is an example of:
a. discrimination.
b. generalization.
c. extinction.
d. latent learning.

The occasional small reward for hitting a jackpot keeps the gambler hopeful of hitting another larger jackpot. This is what type of reinforcement schedule?
a. fixed interval
b. variable interval
c. fixed ratio
d. variable ratio

Learning without the presence of an apparent incentive or reinforcement is known as:
a. operant conditioning.
b. cognitive map.
c. latent learning.
d. classical conditioning.

Kelly has loved to read since the first grade and was a constant reader throughout first and second grade. In the third grade, Kelly's teacher gave students candy bars for each hour they read in class. Kelly's fourth-grade teacher didn't have the same reward system as Kelly's third-grade teacher, so Kelly stopped reading. This is an example of:
a. negative reinforcement.
b. overjustification effect.
c. latent learning.
d. spontaneous recovery.

Learning taking place by watching others is the definition of:
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. observational learning.
d. intuition.

In observational learning the subject mimics the behavior of the:
a. model.
b. participant.
c. observer.
d. subject.

An American researcher who studied observational learning was:
a. B. F. Skinner.
b. Ivan Pavlov.
c. Martin Seligman.
d. Albert Bandura.

In Bandura's first "Bobo doll" experiment, children became more aggressive than other children towards the Bobo doll after:
a. they were told it was alright to hit the Bobo doll.
b. they witness other children being aggressive towards the dolls.
c. they witness an adult being aggressive towards the dolls and were then frustrated.
d. they were shown a movie of other children hitting the Bobo dolls.

In one of Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiment, children most likely imitated the violent behavior of:
a. the model who was praised.
b. the model who was punished.
c. the model who was neither praised nor punished.
d. the model who was both praised and punished.

Learning by seeing the consequence of another person's behavior is the definition of:
a. attention learning.
b. consequential learning.
c. vicarious learning.
d. motivational learning.

Behavior which is negative, destructive, and unhelpful is considered:
a. prosocial behavior.
b. observational behavior.
c. antisocial behavior.
d. retention behavior.

Behavior which is positive, constructive, and helpful is considered:
a. retention behavior.
b. observational behavior.
c. antisocial behavior.
d. prosocial behavior.

Which of the following accurately describes the conclusions of the APA Commission on Violence and Youth?
a. Viewing violence on TV has no appreciable effect on the violence in youths.
b. Children viewing violence on TV has a short-term effect but no lifelong consequences.
c. TV cannot serve as a prosocial force, only as an antisocial force.
d. Viewing of TV shows and commercials affects people's concepts of reality.

Read carefully!!! 12pts

Pick 3 classical conditioning examples and 3 operant conditioning examples and identify the parts as we did in class.

• 1. A cat hears the sound of the can opener feels hungry and cries.

• 2. A baby is sad and cries at the sight of her mother’s coat.

• 3. A dog sits on command.

• 4. A man feels positively towards a brand of tools after seeing advertising for it featuring beautiful women.

• 5. A child is the class clown.

• 6. A boy gets sick after eating popcorn and now feels nauseous at the smell of popcorn.

• 7. A teacher praises students for hard work.

• 8. A man unlearns a fear of flying through relaxation training paired with trips to the airport.

• 9. A rat presses a bar to avoid a shock.

• 10. A woman feels fear on entering her Anatomy Lab after a painful and difficult child birth experience.

• 11. A child is content at the sight of his grandmother’s kitchen.

• 12. A man buckles his seat belt to make the dinging stop.

Short Answer -TIEE Paragraph - 9pts

Think about the PowerPoint we saw in class. Explain how advertisers use conditioning principles to sell their products. Give three examples of advertisements and how they use conditioning.

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