Bilaga 1: CV, Collaborations, Invited Talks, and Complete Publication List

Bilaga 1: CV, collaborations, invited talks, and complete publication list.

Curriculum Vitae

for

Bo Gunnar Liedberg

Born in Västervik, October 16, 1954.

Education

June,1973College degree in natural science

January-

September,1974Military service (KA2 Karlskrona and KA1 Stockholm)

September,1981Master of Science in Physics and Electrical

Engineering at Linköping Institute of Technology, Linköping University, Sweden.

September,1981-

September,1983PhD studies in Applied Physics, Linköping University.

September,1983-

October,1986PhD studies in Applied Physics, Linköping University, doktorandtjänst through NFR.

October 17,1986PhD degree in Applied Physics, Linköping University. Title of thesis: " Studies of adsorbed proteins and

amino acids: Surface Plasmon Resonance, Infrared and Electron Spectroscopy."

Mars 1,1990Docent in Applied Physics at Linköping University.

Positions after PhD degree

October,1986-

October,1989Post doc fellow at the Laboratory of Applied Physics, Linköping University, through a grant from Pharmacia Biosensor AB.

October,1989-

February,1990Research associate on own STUF grant.

February,1990-University lecturer in Applied Physics. Theme: Vibrational studies of biological molecules on solid surfaces.

May-

November1992Visiting scientist at Penn State University, USA (Prof. D.L. Allara)

October1993Visiting scientist at Penn State University, USA (Prof. D.L. Allara)

Aug.1995-Visiting scientist at the centre for Sensors and

June1997Interface Analysis, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany (Prof. W. Göpel).

July1997-Linköping University

Octóber 1998

November1998-Acting professor at the Laboratory of Applied Physics

April 1999-Professor of Applied Physics

Research award

August1989The Berol Nobel Research Award 1989 for the best PhD thesis in Surface and Colloid Chemistry within Scandinavia

Teaching award

June 1998Best teacher within the Technical Biology programme,

4:th year. Awarded by the student council.

National

Commitments

November1998-Board Member of the Nano Chemistry programme at the

Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Funded by SSF

International

commitments

March 1994-

February1999Steering Committee Member in the European Science Foundation (ESF) Program on Artificial Biosensing Interfaces. Responsiblities: Organizer of Workshops and Summer Schools within the program.

1995Guest editor Biosensors&Bioelectronics, Vol. 10, No. 9/10

1996Guest editor Biosensors&Bioelectronics, Vol. 12, No. 8

RESEARCH INTEREST

My research can be broadly divided into two parts, a fundamental part dealing with structural investigations of molecular films on solid surfaces, and an applied part dealing with bio- and chemical sensors. The two parts are intimately connected. The research on molecular films concentrates on so-called self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for the modification of metallic substrates. I’m interested in the development of accurate protocol for controlling the structural properties of SAMs including, for example, the phase behaviour, crystallinity, tail group functionality and mobility. A broad range of analytical tools is used to characterize the films, including surface vibrational and photoelectron spectroscopy. The molecular film research is also crucial for the development of 2-D and 3-D architectures for applications in my biosensor oriented projects. I concentrate on affinity and transmembrane biosensors, and one of the most challenging projects just now focus on the development of an artificial bilayer structure with incorporated transmembrane proteins(channels) and receptors. A part of the biosensor work deals also with tranducer physics, especially optical and electrochemical transducers. This research is performed in close collaboration with industry.

CollAborations

Collaborations with industry: I have collaborated with several companies during my years at the University. Biacore AB (formerly Pharmacia Biosensor AB), has already been mentioned, and I must say that it has been very encouraging to follow the development of their systems, from a simple diploma work in Linköping 1981, via an intense research and development period 1985-1990, to the introduction of the first commercial system on the market in 1990. I have also been working as a consultant for Carmeda/Medicarb AB during the development of analytical methodologies to secure the quality control of the surface modification of polymeric materials for applications in their oxygenators and intraocular lenses. Bruker, Germany, is another company with which I have been collaborating on the development of accessories for surface analysis with infrared spectroscopy. Sangtec Medical AB is a new collaborator on DNA sensing.

Visiting scientist: I have been a visiting scientist at two internationally recognized laboratories. I was in 1992/93 visiting Professor David Allara for a period of 5+1 month, working on self-assembly and artificial sensing interfaces. Professor D.L. Allara is a pioneer in the area of solution self-assembly. He was in the early eighties involved in the development of the organosulphur surface chemistry which today is a very well established methodology to modify noble metals. I was during August 1995 - July 1997 a visiting scientist at the centre for "Sensors and Interface Analysis", Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany (Prof. Wolfgang Göpel), working with sensors, artificial sensing interfaces and molecular wires. Thus, I have experience from international work in the US and Germany.

International collaborations

Prof. D.L. Allara, Penn State University, USA. The collarboration involves design and characerization of SAMs on different substrates, and fundamental studies on the phase behaviour of alkanthiolate SAMs. We also work together on spectral simulations of ice on SAMs.

Prof. Y.T. Tao, Academica Sinica, Taiwan. Prof. Tao is an organic synthetic chemist with whome we collaborate on the development of new SAMs.

Prof. M. Chaudhury, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USA. Development of the scanning wetting characterization of molecular gradients. Theory of wettability.

Dr. Atul Parikh, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA. Novel SAM structures and theory.

Prof. P. Bäuerle, University of Ulm, Germany. Professor Bäuerle is an organic chemist who has a strong activity on the synthesis of oligothiophenes and molecular wires for sensing applications.

Prof. Chad. Mirkin, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. Self-Assembly and colloidal systems. Prof. has obtained a NSF travel grant for a collaborative project with my group in Linköping. DNA and oligonucleotide sensing.

Prof. M. Grunze, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Fundamental wetting studies of novel biointerfaces. Analysis of TPD data (see below). Polyethylene glycol SAMs for bio-applications.

Prog. J. Kreuzer, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. Simulation of TPD data of water on SAMs.

Prof. W. Göpel and prof. G. Gauglitz, University of Tübingen, Germany. Development of novel sensing principles for multiparameter detection and analysis. Novel materials and bioelectronics.

Prof. H.-D. Liess and Dr. Lars Bertilsson, University Bundeswehr, München. Spectroscopical investigation of fundamental adsorption phenomena at transducer interfaces. Design and development of sensing layers based on hydrogen-bond interaction for surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices.

Prof. R. Revoltella, CNR, Pisa, Italy. This collaboration deals with structure-function analysis of cytokines, in particular the Granulozyte Macrophage Colony Stimulation Factor (GM-CSF) using BIAcore technology. We are also working on pesticide detection and analysis, as well as on the development of novel sensing interfaces for ligand-receptor interaction studies.

Dr. J. Cooper, Glasgow University, Scotland. Bioelectronic and biosensors for the analysis of gases and liquids.

Dr. Klaus Schierbaum, Physical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany. We collaborate on the formation of cage-like monolayer structures on potentially important transducer interfaces using a combination of tert-butylcalix(4)arene and self-assembled monolayers.

Prof. Jean-Michel Kauffmann, University Libre, Bruxelles, Belgium. Pharmacuetical sensing using the nanoporous thiochelesterol assemblies on gold.

Dr’s Jukka Lekkala and Inger Vikholm, VTT, Tampere, Finland. Langmuir-Blodgett techniques for the development of artificial membranes and transmembrane sensors.

Prof. Robert Tampé, TU-München and Max-Planck-Für-Biochemie, München. This collaboration concerns the development of supramolecular "bilayer" structures (cell membrane lik) on organic model interfaces for molecular recognition and biosensing applications.

Prof. Horst Vogel, Lausanne, Switserland. Biomimetics and artificial membranes for studies of cell membrane related phenomena. (New)

National collaborations

Prof. Per Claesson, KTH, Stockholm. Surface force measurements on self-assembled systems.

Prof. Ulrik Gelius, Fysikum, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of self-assembled monolayers on gold.

Prof. Ingemar Persson, SLU, Uppsala. Inorganic surface chemistry and spectroscopy.

Prof. Erim. Gillis Johansson, Lunds Universitet, Lund. Self assembled monolayers for oligonuccleotide and DNA sensing applications.

Dr’s Ulf Jönsson, Magnus Malmqvist, Stefan Löfås, Biacore AB, Uppsala. Biosensing using surface plasmon resonance detection.

Dr’s Jan Brundell, Per Stålhandske, Sangtec Medical AB, Bromma. Development of a oligonucleotide detection system.

Prof. Olle Larm and Dr. Torbjörn Mathiesen, Medicarb AB, Bromma. Hepinization of medical implants. Surface analysis and modification.

Prof. Hans Elwing, Göteborgs Universitet, Göteborg. Surface biology, surface analysis and biomaterials.

Prof. K-E. Magnusson, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping. Vesicle fusion and artificial membranes.

Dr. S. Svenson, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping. Molecular recognition and transmembrane receptors.

INVITED TALKS

International conferences and workshops

B. Liedberg " Surface-Peptide Interactions", Surface & Colloid Symposium, Bergen, Norway, June, 1992.

B. Liedberg "Self-Assembled Monolayers and their Applications", International Summer School, Technobiochip, Elba, Italy, September, 1994.

B. Liedberg "Molecular Gradients" ESF-ABI Workshop on Surface Modification and Characterization, Athens, Greece, December, 1994.

B. Liedberg " Biosensing with the Pharmacia System", Teknologiföredrag vid Läkarstämman i Linköping, May, 1995.

B. Liedberg " Molecular Gradients of -Substitutted Alkanethiols", Scanning Microscopy International, Houston, Texas, USA, May, 1995.

B. Liedberg Self-Assembled Monolayers" 9th Nordic Symposium on Computer Simulations, Hindås, Sweden, October, 1995.

B. Liedberg " Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing" NATO advanced Summer School on Quantum Electronics, Erice, Italy, November, 1995.

B. Liedberg "New Methods for Antibody Detection and Affinity Measurements:

Surface Plasmon Resonance", From Synthetic Peptides to Monoclonal Antibodies, EC-International Summer School, CNR, Institute of Mutagenesis and Cell Differentiation, Pisa, Italy, March, 1996.

B. Liedberg, " Microscopic Wetting and Structural Transitions of Water on Self-Assembled Alkanethiolate Monolayers",70th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Clarksson University, Potsdam, NY, USA, June 1996.

B. Liedberg " Microscopic wetting on Model Organic Interfaces " Gordon Research Conference on Thin

Organic Films, Salve Regina, Rhode Islands, July 13-17, 1997.

B. Liedberg "Novel templates for Molecular recognition and Biosensing" Workshop on Self-Assembling and Biomimetic Materials, Los Alamos, December 15-17, 1997.

B. Liedberg, Interfacial water and ice at model organic surfaces”, Joint Sweden-Israel symposium on Dynamics at Surfaces, Hindås, June 1-4, 1999.

B. Liedberg, “Surface plasmon resonance: Principles and Application, Workshop on Advanced techniques for surface characterization of polymer materials”, Ghent, September 17, Belgium, 1999.

International institutes

B. Liedberg " Interaction between Peptides and Solid Surfaces", Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA, September, 1992.

B. Liedberg " Biosensing with Surface Plasmon Resonance", NESAC-BIO, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, September, 1992.

B. Liedberg "Pirinciples of Biosensing using Surface Plasmon Resonance", Dept. of Materials Science, Penn State University, USA, October, 1992.

B. Liedberg " Self-Assembled Monolayers: Phase Behaviour and Novel Architectures", L.I.S.E., Namur, Belgium, October, 1995.

B. Liedberg " Molecular Engineering in Two Dimensions", Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz and Max Planck Gesellschaft für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany. March 97.

B. Liedberg " Molecular Engineering in Two Dimensions", Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg. March 97.

B. Liedberg " Molecular Engineering in Two Dimensions",Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München.April 97.

B. Liedberg " Molecular Engineering in Two Dimensions", TU-München, Garching. April, 1997

List of Scientific Publications

by

Bo Liedberg

Research articles

1.C. Nylander, B. Liedberg and T. Lind, Gas detection by means of surface plasmon resonance: Sensors and Actuators, 3, 79, 1982/83.

2.B. Liedberg, C. Nylander, and I. Lundström, Surface plasmon resonance for gas detection and biosensing: Sensors and Actuators, 4, 299, 1983.

3.B. Liedberg, B. Ivarsson, and I. Lundström, FT-IRAS of fibrinogen adsorbed on metal and metal oxide surfaces: J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 9, 233, 1984.

4.B. Liedberg, B. Ivarsson, I. Lundström, and W.R. Salaneck, FT-IRAS of some biologically important molecules adsorbed metal surfaces: Progr. Polymer Sci. 70, 67, 1985.

5.W.R. Salaneck, I. Lundström, and B. Liedberg, Photoelectron spectroscopy of amino acids adsorbed upon surfaces: Glycine on graphite. Progr. Polymer Sci. 70, 83, 1985.

6.W.R. Salaneck, I. Lundström, B. Liedberg, M.A. Hasan, R. Erlandsson, P. Konradsson, A.G. McDiarmid, and N.L.D. Somasiri, Spectroscopic characterization of some polyanilines: in Electronic properties of polymers and related compounds (H.Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth Ed´s), Springer Verlag, Berlin, p.218 ,1985.

7.W.R. Salaneck, B. Liedberg, O. Inganäs, R. Erlandsson, I. Lundström, A.G. McDiarmid, M. Halpern, and N.L.D. Somasiri, Physical characterization of some polyanilines: Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 121, 191, 1985.

8.O. Inganäs, B. Liedberg, C.R. Wu, and H. Wynberg, A new route to poly-thiophene and copolymers of thiophene and pyrrole: Synth. Met. 11, 239, 1985.

9.B. Liedberg, I. Lundström, C.R. Wu, and W.R. Salaneck, Adsorption of glycine on hydrophilic gold: J. Colloid Interface Sci., 108, 123, 1985.

10.B. Liedberg, B. Ivarsson, P.-O. Hegg, and I. Lundström, On the adsorption of lactoglobulin on hydrophilic gold: Studies by IRAS and ellipsometry. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 114, 386, 1986.

11.A. Mohammadi, M.A. Hasan, B. Liedberg, R. Bjorklund, R. Erlandsson, I. Lundström, and W.R. Salaneck, Chemical vapor deposition(CVD) of conducting polymers: Polypyrrole. Synth. Met. 14, 189, 1986.

12.R. B. Bjorklund and B. Liedberg, Electrically conducting composites of collodial polypyrrole and methylcellulose: J. Chem. Soc. Commun., 706,1293, 1986.

13.B. Liedberg, C. Carlsson, and I. Lundström, An infrared reflectionabsorption study of amino acids adsorbed on metal surfaces: L-histidine and L-phenyl-alanine on gold and copper. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 120, 64, 1987.

14.L. Ödberg, T. Lindström, B. Liedberg, and J. Gustavsson, Evidence for -ketoester formation during sizing of paper with alkylketene dimers: Tappi Journal, 70, 135, 1987.

15.C.R. Wu and B. Liedberg, Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy of polyacrylonitrile on copper and aluminium surfaces: Polymer Sci. Phys. ed.,26, 1127, 1988.

16.C. R. Wu, B. Liedberg and S. Akbar, The influence of copper-nitrile complexing on the electronic structure of polyacrylonitrile: Synth. Met. 26, 21, 1988.

17.C. Törnkvist and B. Liedberg, FT-IRAS of amino acids on metal surfaces: Mikrochim. Acta, I, 149, 1988.

18.G. Gustavsson, O. Inganäs,J. O. Nilsson, and B. Liedberg, Thermal undoping of poly(3-alkylthiophenes): Synth. Met. 26, 297, 1988.

19.C. Törnkvist, D. Thierry, J. Bergman, B. Liedberg, and C. Leygraf., Methyl substitution in benzotriazole and its influence on surface structure and corrosion inhibition: J. Electrochem. Soc., 136, 1, 1989.

20.J. O. Nilsson, C. Törnkvist, and B. Liedberg, Photoelectron and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy of benzotriazole adsorbed on copper and cuprous oxide surfaces: Appl. Surface Sci., 37, 306, 1989.

21.G. Gustavsson, I. Lundström, B. Liedberg, C.R. Wu, O. Wennerström, and O. Inganäs, The interaction between ammonia and polypyrrole: Synth. Met., 31, 181,1989.

22.R. B. Bjorklund, C. U. Odenbrand, J.G.M. Brandin, L.A.H. Andersson, and B. Liedberg, An infrared and electrical conductance study of V2O5/SiO2-TiO2 catalysts active for the reduction of NO by NH3: J.Catalysis, 119, 187, 1989.

23.B. Liedberg and C. Törnkvist, An Infrared study of N-methylacetamide on solid surfaces: A model molecule for the peptide group in proteins. SPIE, Vol. 1145, p. 141, 1989.

24.A. Ihs , B. Liedberg, K. Uvdal, C. Törnkvist, P. Bodö, and I. Lundström, Infrared and photoelectron spectroscopy of amino acids on copper: Glycine, L-alanine and -alanine, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 140, 192, 1990.

25.K. Uvdal, P. Bodö, A. Ihs, B. Liedberg, and W.R. Salaneck, X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopy of glycine adsorbed on copper: J. Colloid Interface Sci., 140, 207, 1990.

26.P. Tengvall, L. Bertilsson, B. Liedberg, H. Elwing, and I. Lundström, Degradation of dried Ti-peroxy gels made from metallic titanium and hydrogen peroxide: J. Colloid Interface Sci. 139, 575, 1990.

27.W.R. Salaneck, B. Liedberg and I. Lundström,Organiska molekyler på ytor: KOSMOS, 129, 1989.

28.A. Ihs and B. Liedberg, On the chemisorption of 3-mercaptopropionic acid on gold and copper surfaces: An infrared reflection-absorption study., J. Colloid Interface Sci.,144,282, 1991.

29.C. Törnkvist, B. Liedberg, and I. Lundström, An infrared study of N-methylacetamide on clean and chemically modified surfaces: Langmuir, 7,479,1991.

30.L. Bertilsson, H. Elwing, B. Liedberg, O. Larm, J. Riesenfeld, and E.Scholander, Infrared characterization of complex sandwich structures: Heparin immobilized on polyethylene surfaces. J. Molecular Engineering, 1,49, 1991.

31.E. T. Vandenberg, L. Bertilsson, B. Liedberg, K. Uvdal, R. Erlandsson, H. Elwing, and I. Lundström, Structure of 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane on silicon oxide: J. Colloid Interface Sci.147, 103, 1991.

32.L. Bertilsson and B. Liedberg, Immobilization of heparin on polyethylene surfaces: An infrared study. Proc. Spectroscopy across the spectrum, Hertford, 9-12 July, 1990.

33.C. Törnkvist, J. Bergman, and B. Liedberg.,Correlated ab initio geometries and vibrations of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-Triazole: J. Phys. Chem., 95,3123, 1991.

34.C. Törnkvist, J. Bergman, and B. Liedberg, Geometry and vibrations of the 1,2,3- triazole anion: A theoretical and experimental study: J. Phys. Chem., 95,3119, 1991.

35.S. Löfås, M. Malmqvist, I. Rönnberg, E. Stenberg, B. Liedberg, and I.Lundström, Bioanalysis with surface plasmon resonance: Sensors and Actuators B, 5, 79, 1991.

36.K. Uvdal, P. Bodö, and B. Liedberg, L-cysteine adsorbed on gold and copper: An X-ray photoelectron study; J. Colloid Interface Sci., 149, 162, 1992.

37.N-.O. Persson, K. Uvdal, B. Liedberg, and M. Hellsten, Organic Xanthates adsorbed on Gold Surfaces: An Infrared and Photoelectron Study: Progr. Colloid Polymer Sci.; 88,100,1992.

38.L. Bertilsson and Bo Liedberg, Infrared Study of Thiol Monolayer Assemblies on Gold: Preparation, Characterization and Functionalization of Mixed Monolayers; Langmuir, 9,141,1993

39.P. Tengvall, M. Lestelius, B. Liedberg, and I. Lundström, Plasma Protein Interaction with L-cysteine and 3-mercaptopropionic Acid Monolayers on Gold Surfaces; Langmuir, 8,1236,1992.

40.B. Liedberg, E. Stenberg, and I. Lundström, Principles of Biosensing with an Extended Coupling Matrix and Surface Plasmon Resonance: Sensors and ActuatorsB., 11,63,1993.

41.A. Ihs, K. Uvdal, and B. Liedberg, Infrared and photoelectron spectroscopic studies of Ethyl and Octyl Xanthate Ions Adsorbed on metallic and sulphidized Gold Surfaces, Langmuir, 9, 733, 1993.

42.P. Tengvall, T., Platou Vikinge, I. Lundström, and B., Liedberg, FT-Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Degradation of Titanium Peroxy Gels made from Metallic Titanium and Hydrogen Peroxide, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,160,10,1993.

43.A. Ihs and Liedberg, B. Infrared study of Ethyl and Octyl Xanthate Ions adsorbed on Metallic and Sulphidized Copper, and Silver Surfaces, 9,733,1993.

44. K. Uvdal, I. Persson, and B. Liedberg, Tricyclohexylphosphine adsorbed on Gold, Langmuir, 11, 1252, 1995.

45.M. Lestelius, B. Liedberg, I. Lundström, and P. Tengvall, In vitro Protein Adsorption and Kallekrin Formation on 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid, L-Cysteine and Glutathione Immobilized on Gold, J. Biomedical. Mater. Res., 28, 871, 1994.

46.A.N. Parikh, B. Liedberg, S.V. Atre, M. Ho, and D.L. Allara, Correlation of Molecular Organization and Substrate Wettability in the Self-Assembly of n-Alkylsiloxane Monolayers. J. Phys. Chem. 99, 9996, 1995.

47.J.C. Gustafsson, B. Liedberg, and O. Ingänäs, In situ spectroscopic investigations of electrochromism and ion transport in a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrode in a solid state electrichemical cell, Solid State Ionics, 69, 145 ,1994.

48.Atre, S.V., Liedberg, B., and Allara, D.L., Chain Length dependence of Stucture and wetting properties in Binary Composition Monolayers of OH- and CH3-terminated Alkantiolates on Gold., 11, 3821, 1995.

49. Liedberg, B, and Tengvall, P., Molecular Gradients of -substituted alkanethiolates on gold, Langmuir, 11, 3821, 1995

50. Li, X.-H., Carlsson, J.R.A., Gong, S.F., Hentzell, H.T.G. and Liedberg, B., Optical and electrical investigation of semicunducting amorphous Si:P alloy thin films: J. Appl. Phys. 77, 301, 1995

51.Engquist, I., Lundström, I., and Liedberg, B., Temperature Programmed Desorption and Infrared studies of D2O Ice on Self-Assembled Alkantiolate Monolayers: Influence of Substrate Wettability, J. Phys. Chem. 99, 12257, 1995.

52.Parikh, A.N., Allara, D.L., Engquist, I., Lundström, I., and Liedberg, B., Application of Quantitative Infrared Spectral Simulation Methods To Determination of Structural Transitions in D2O Ice on Controlled Composition Organic Surfaces, American Physical Society, 1995.

53.Engquist, I., Lestelius, M, and Liedberg, B., Hydrogen Bond Interaction Between Self-Assembled Monolayers and Adsorbed Water Molecules and Its Implications for Cluster Formation. J. Phys. Chem. 99, 14198, 1995.

54.Liedberg, B., Nylander, C., and Lundström, I., Biosensing with Surface Plasmon Resonance-How it all started. Biosensors & Bioelectronics 10, i-ix, 1995

55.Yang, Z.P., Engquist, I., Kauffmann, J.-M., and Liedberg, B.,Thiocholesterol on Gold: A Nanoporous Molecular Assembly, Langmuir,12, 1704, 1996.