Solutions & Solubility Curves Name______
Chapter 13 Period______Date______
Part A: Choose words from the word list to fill in the blanks in the following paragraphs relating to solutions and the dissolving process. The list groups words with contrasting or related meanings.
WORD LIST:
atoms / ions / molecules grams small / large
dissolve(s) homogeneous /heterogeneous solute / solvent
filter phase solid / liquid / gas
filtration scatters solution / suspension
A solution is a ______mixture of two or more substances.
The composition of this mixture can vary within certain limits. In the case of a solution of table salt and water, careful experiments show that a maximum of 35.7g of sodium chloride can be dissolved in 100g of water at 0oC. Thus, the concentrations of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride can vary in any amount up to 35.7 ______of sodium chloride per 100 ______of water.
A solution is composed of a solvent and at least one ______. One substance
is uniformly dispersed, or spread, throughout the other. In an ordinary solution, the substance present in the greatest amount is called the ______. The other substance, called the ______, is uniformly dispersed throughout the solvent. The ______
is described as the dissolving medium; that is, the action of the ______has caused the particles of the solute to become uniformly dispersed throughout the mixture. In many cases, one of the components changes ______as the solution is formed. The substance that changes phase is called the ______while the substance that does not change phase is the ______. The ______is considered to have dissolved the ______.
Water is a common solvent for many substances representing all three phases. Many
common solids such as table salt and sugar, dissolve in water to form solutions in the ______
phase. Liquids such as ethyl alcohol and glycerine ______in water. Ammonia is one ______that is very soluble in water. Other gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide ______in water to a much lesser extent.
The particles of solute within a solution are very ______in size. Most of these particles are molecules, ______, or ______. Since the particle size is so small, solutions cannot be separated into solute and solvent by ______.
Solute particles are too small to be trapped by the fibers of the ______.
A sample of a true ______is clear and transparent. It may have a color. The ______size of the solute particles permits a beam of light to pass through a solution unchanged. Some mixtures that appear to be solutions, but are actually ______, because they contain particles too ______to be true solutes. These particles, which are larger than molecules, ______or ______, partially block and scatter a beam of light (the Tyndall Effect.)
Part B: Define the following words in reference to solutions:
· solubility:______
· saturated:______
· unsaturated:______
· supersaturated:______
Part C: Describe what would happen if a single crystal of solute were dropped into each of the three
types of solutions. The results of the addition of a single crystal to a solution is the test for the
type of solution.
· saturated:______
· unsaturated:______
· supersaturated:______
Part D: Use your solubility curve to answer the following questions:
1. What is the solubility of NaNO3 at 20oC? ______
2. What is the solubility of NaNO3 at 40oC? ______
3. What type of solution will be formed if 120.g of KI dissolve in 100.g of water at 40oC?
______
4. What type of solution will be formed if 80.g of NH4Cl dissolve in 100.g of water at 70.oC?
______
5. How many grams of KCl are needed to make a saturated solution at 100oC? ______
6. A saturated solution of KNO3 is made at 70oC. 100. grams of solution is cooled to 50oC and
stirred. How many grams of solid KNO3 will appear on the bottom of the beaker? ______
7. At 100.oC, the least soluble solid compound is ______.
8. At 0oC, the most soluble solid compound is ______.
9. NH3, HCl and SO2 are gases. As temperature increases, what happens to their solubilities?
______
10. Over the temperature range shown, the least soluble gas is ______
11. The gas which shows the greatest change over the temperature range is ______
12. To make a saturated solution of NH4Cl at 60.oC, you would add ______grams to 100.g
of H2O.
13. To make an unsaturated solution of KClO3 at 40.oC, you can add no more than ______g
of KClO3 to 100.g of H2O.
14. 100.g of a saturated solution of NH3(g) in H2O was heated from 20.oC to 50.oC. How many
grams of NH3 gas could be collected? ______
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