CHAPTER 12.3 AND 12.4 READING GUIDE: Name: ______
12.3 → Behavorial Perspectives
1. Explain how determinism relates to Skinner’s ideas. How might Skinner have explained the consistencies in a person’s behavior (and thus personality) over time?
2. Name and describe the process through which Skinner believes response tendencies are acquired. How do Skinner’s ideas differ from Freud and others?
3. Summarize the main ideas associated with Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory, including where he both agrees and disagrees with Skinner, as well as the concept of reciprocal determinism.
4. What are some types of models that might be more influential than others in terms of observational learning?
5. Which personal factor has Bandura focused on that helps govern behavior? What are some characteristics of this factor? How does it influence us?
6. Explain Mischel’s general idea and how it ‘struck at the heart of the concept of personality’.
12.4 → Humanistic Perspectives
1. What was the main combined criticism of the behaviorism and psychodynamic approaches? In general, how do humanistic theorists contrast with the other two approaches?
2. What did person-centered theory emphasize that helped give it its name? Summarize how this relates to a person’s self-concept according to Rogers. Include idea of incongruence in this context.
3. How does unconditional love from parents vs. conditional love affect a child?
4. What is the source of anxiety according to Rogers? How do people deal with this anxiety?
5. Summarize the structure of and process of progression through Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, all the way up through self-actualization (you don’t need to list each level).
6. What perspective does Kenrick and colleagues work from? Where do they agree with Maslow? Where do they disagree?
STRENGTHS OF HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE / CRITICISMS OF HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE1. / 1.
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