TABLE S1.Generalised linear model analyses performed on PC1 and PC2 scores of the results of geometric morphometrics onbody shape of grazers (A) and browsers (B). Cichlid species is used as a fixed factor.

Estimatestandard errort-valuep

(A)Grazer

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 42.2% of variance)

Intercept (Iloo)-0.010.006-2.05<0.05

Pfam0.020.0092.50<0.05

Pfas-0.030.009-2.90<0.01

Pmac0.020.011.92NS

Ppol0.030.013.22<0.01

Phor0.0070.010.72NS

Ptre0.050.015.34<0.001

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 15.8% of variance)

Intercept (Iloo)0.0070.0041.49NS

Pfam0.010.0061.57NS

Pfas-0.020.006-3.70<0.001

Pmac0.010.0081.07NS

Ppol0.0030.0070.52NS

Phor-0.010.007-1.52NS

Ptre-0.030.007-4.26<0.001

(B)Browser

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 52.8% of variance)

Intercept (Ldar)-0.050.004-13.39<0.001

Pcur0.080.00614.41<0.001

Sdia0.040.0067.30<0.001

Sple0.040.0065.88<0.001

Tmoo0.100.00617.44<0.001

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 10.2% of variance)

Intercept (Ldar)-0.0030.004-0.67NS

Pcur-0.020.006-3.20<0.01

Sdia0.00020.0060.03NS

Sple0.020.0063.70<0.01

Tmoo0.010.0062.55<0.05

NS, not significant.

TABLE S2.Generalised linear model analyses performed on PC1 and PC2 scores of the results of geometric morphometrics onpremaxilla shape of grazers (A) and browsers (B). Cichlid species is used as a fixed factor.

Estimatestandard errort-valuep

(A)Grazer

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 60.2% of variance)

Intercept (Iloo)-0.020.02-1.21NS

Pfam0.060.022.70<0.05

Pfas0.100.024.87<0.001

Pmac-0.080.02-3.86<0.001

Ppol-0.010.02-0.49NS

Phor0.070.023.21<0.01

Ptre-0.010.02-0.46NS

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 23.7% of variance)

Intercept (Iloo)0.070.0097.23<0.001

Pfam-0.120.01-8.88<0.001

Pfas-0.030.01-2.55<0.05

Pmac-0.070.01-5.49<0.001

Ppol-0.070.01-5.38<0.001

Phor-0.090.01-6.94<0.001

Ptre-0.090.01-6.52<0.001

(B)Browser

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 56.8% of variance)

Intercept (Ldar)0.0020.010.15NS

Pcur0.110.025.50<0.001

Sdia-0.050.02-2.55<0.05

Sple-0.050.02-2.57<0.05

Tmoo-0.020.02-1.20NS

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 33.8% of variance)

Intercept (Ldar)-0.090.01-7.41<0.001

Pcur0.120.027.16<0.001

Sdia0.100.025.79<0.001

Sple0.110.026.53<0.001

Tmoo0.110.026.68<0.001

NS, not significant.

TABLE S3.Generalised linear model analyses performed on PC1 and PC2 scores of the results of geometric morphometrics onmandible shape of grazers (A) and browsers (B). Cichlid species is used as a fixed factor.

Estimatestandard errort-valuep

(A)Grazer

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 59.1% of variance)

Intercept(Iloo)-0.150.02-7.48<0.001

Pfam0.160.036.01<0.001

Pfas-0.0010.03-0.05NS

Pmac0.260.039.36<0.001

Ppol0.230.038.60<0.001

Phor0.150.035.45<0.001

Ptre0.230.038.66<0.001

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 10.5% of variance)

Intercept (Iloo)-0.020.02-0.96NS

Pfam0.030.021.20NS

Pfas0.030.021.10NS

Pmac0.030.021.24NS

Ppol-0.020.02-0.86NS

Phor0.060.022.46<0.05

Ptre-0.0060.02-0.24NS

(B)Browser

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 47.3% of variance)

Intercept (Ldar)0.080.025.26<0.001

Pcur-0.110.02-5.00<0.001

Sdia-0.070.02-3.43<0.01

Sple-0.020.02-0.78NS

Tmoo-0.220.02-9.56<0.001

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 20.5% of variance)

Intercept (Ldar)-0.050.008-5.69<0.001

Pcur0.140.0111.99<0.001

Sdia0.0090.010.81NS

Sple0.080.016.76<0.001

Tmoo0.010.011.05NS

NS, not significant.

TABLE S4.Generalised linear model analyses performed on PC1 and PC2 scores of the results of geometric morphometrics onocclusal facet shape of grazers (A) and browsers (B). Cichlid species is used as a fixed factor.

Estimatestandard errort-valuep

(A)Grazer

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 47.8% of variance)

Intercept(Iloo)-0.040.02-2.42<0.05

Pfam0.150.026.94<0.001

Pfas0.0080.020.38NS

Pmac0.0040.020.19NS

Ppol0.040.021.61NS

Phor0.0070.020.33NS

Ptre0.060.022.59<0.05

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 18.1% of variance)

Intercept (Iloo)-0.050.01-4.77<0.001

Pfam0.040.022.87<0.01

Pfas0.030.021.93NS

Pmac0.070.024.33<0.001

Ppol0.100.026.13<0.001

Phor0.070.024.21<0.001

Ptre0.070.024.09<0.001

(B)Browser

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 75.4% of variance)

Intercept (Ldar)0.090.017.68<0.001

Pcur0.040.022.24<0.05

Sdia-0.140.02-8.85<0.001

Sple-0.120.02-7.28<0.001

Tmoo-0.220.02-13.29<0.001

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 9.2% of variance)

Intercept (Ldar)0.020.012.12<0.05

Pcur-0.050.02-2.93<0.01

Sdia0.0050.020.32NS

Sple-0.050.02-2.79<0.05

Tmoo-0.040.02-2.21<0.05

NS, not significant.

TABLE S5.Generalised linear model analyses performed on PC1 and PC2 scores of the results of geometric morphometrics ontooth shape of grazers. Cichlid species is used as a fixed factor.

Estimatestandard errort-valuep

PC1 (Eigenvalue explains 66.7% of variance)

Intercept (Pfam)0.00070.004-0.16NS

Pfas-0.030.006-4.67<0.001

Pmac0.0090.0061.59NS

Ppol-0.0080.006-1.42NS

Phor0.020.0062.93<0.01

Ptre0.010.0062.25<0.05

PC2 (Eigenvalue explains 18.2% of variance)

Intercept (Pfam)-0.0030.004-0.61NS

Pfas0.0030.0060.61NS

Pmac0.00010.0060.02NS

Ppol0.0060.0061.09NS

Phor-0.0010.006-0.21NS

Ptre0.0060.0061.07NS

NS, not significant.

TABLE S6.Generalised linear model analyses performed on ILR values of grazers and browsers. Cichlid species is used as a fixed factor.

Estimatestandard errort-valuep

Grazer

Intercept(Pfam)5.270.3714.30<0.001

Iloo0.840.521.62NS

Pfas1.100.522.11NS

Pmac-0.360.52-0.68NS

Ppol-0.220.52-0.43NS

Phor0.840.521.60NS

Ptre0.630.521.20NS

Browser

Intercept(Sdia)2.920.476.20<0.001

Ldar-0.150.67-0.23NS

Pcur1.510.672.26<0.05

Sple1.520.672.28<0.05

Tmoo0.910.671.37NS

NS, not significant.