Physics Final Exam Study Guide Name: ______12
Standard / Notes/ Types of QuestionsSCSh1. Students will evaluate the importance of curiosity, honesty, openness, and skepticism in science. / Throughout class, an emphasis has been placed on individual integrity as opposed to “getting the grade.”
SCSh1c. Explain that further understanding of scientific problems relies on the design and execution of new experiments which may reinforce or weaken opposing explanations. / Theories that have been tested and revised based on new developments in technology and procedures include:
Newtonian mechanics was found to not be applicable under all conditions, like extremely small particles – protons, electrons, photons. Work by DeBroglie, Planck, Einstein, Heisenberg, Compton contributed to quantum mechanics.
SCSh3a. Suggest reasonable hypotheses for identified problems. / For each lab, you have been given time to suggest a hypothesis, or predict what will happen.
SCSh3b. Develop procedures for solving scientific problems. / Many of your labs have been “inquiry” based. In other words, you have not been given explicit instructions. You have had to figure out how to test variables and overcome obstacles.
SCSh3c. Collect, organize and record appropriate data. / In labs and in written work, you have organized your data and given information into tables or noted in some fashion.
SCSh3d. Graphically compare and analyze data points and/or summary statistics. / You have constructed graphs – noting the dependent variable, independent variable, slope, best-fit line, direct or indirect variations.
SCSh4a. Develop and use systematic procedures for recording and organizing information. / In labs and in written work, you have organized your data and given information into tables or noted in some fashion.
SCSh5b. Consider possible effects of measurement errors on calculations. / In labs, you have looked at systemic and random errors.
SCSh5d. Express appropriate numbers of significant figures for calculated data, using scientific notation where appropriate. / You have done this on every exam, and most times in class.
SCSh5e. Solve scientific problems by substituting quantitative values, using dimensional analysis and/or simple algebraic formulas as appropriate. / You have done this on every exam, and most times in class.
SCSh6a. Write clear, coherent laboratory reports related to scientific investigations. / You have written lab reports at least once per week.
SCSh6b. Write clear, coherent accounts of current scientific issues, including possible alternative interpretations of the data. / You have summarized several articles.
SCSh6d. Participate in group discussions of scientific investigation and current scientific issues. / From time to time, we have discussed current scientific issues, like the use of nuclear energy and fossil fuels.
SCSh7c. From time to time, major shifts occur in the scientific view of how the world works. More often, however, the changes that take place in the body of scientific knowledge are small modifications of prior knowledge. Major shifts in scientific views typically occur after the observation of a new phenomenon or an insightful interpretation of existing data by an individual or research group. / Theories that have been tested and revised based on new developments in technology and procedures include:
Newtonian mechanics was found to not be applicable under all conditions, like extremely small particles – protons, electrons, photons. Work by DeBroglie, Planck, Einstein, Heisenberg, Compton contributed to quantum mechanics.
SCSh7d. Hypotheses often cause scientists to develop new experiments that produce additional data. / Theories that have been tested and revised based on new developments in technology and procedures include:
Newtonian mechanics was found to not be applicable under all conditions, like extremely small particles – protons, electrons, photons. Work by DeBroglie, Planck, Einstein, Heisenberg, Compton contributed to quantum mechanics.
SCSh7e. Testing, revising, and occasionally rejecting new and old theories never ends. / Theories that have been tested and revised based on new developments in technology and procedures include:
Newtonian mechanics was found to not be applicable under all conditions, like extremely small particles – protons, electrons, photons. Work by DeBroglie, Planck, Einstein, Heisenberg, Compton contributed to quantum mechanics.
SCSh9. Students will enhance reading in all curriculum areas by: / We have read:
Hiroshima, Stiff, and several articles
SP1. Students will analyze the relationships between force, mass, gravity, and the motion of objects.
SP1a. Calculate average velocity, instantaneous velocity, and acceleration in a given frame of reference. / A car is moving with a uniform speed of 15.0 m/s along a straight path. What is the distance covered by the car in 12.0 minutes?
If a drag racer wins the final round of her race by going an average speed of 198.37 miles per hour in 4.537 seconds, what distance did he cover?
A racehorse is running with a uniform speed of 69 km/hr along a straightaway. What is the time it takes for the horse to cover 400 meters?
What is the distance traveled by a vehicle in 12 minutes, if its speed is 35 km/h?
A student drops a ball from a window 3.5m above the sidewalk. How fast is it moving when it hits the sidewalk?
An automobile starts at rest and speeds up at 3.5 m/s2 after the traffic light turns green. How far will it have gone when it is traveling at 25 m/s?
“Free fall” is the condition in which
A gazelle is running in a straight line with a constant velocity of 1340 m/min. A cheetah can accelerate from 0 m/min to 1820 m/min in 3 seconds.
What is the average acceleration of the gazelle?
SP1b. Compare and contrast scalar and vector quantities. / T or F: Average speed is a scalar quantity.
Which of the following is a pair of vector quantities?
The magnitude of a vector represents its _____.
The acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is:
A woman tosses a ball straight upward at 25 m/s. How long is the ball in the air?
Compare scalar and vector quantities and give examples of each.
SP1c. Compare graphically and algebraically the relationships among position, velocity, acceleration, and time. / T or F: The slope of a position-time graph of an object gives the speed of the object.
T or F: The y-intercept of a position-time graph of an object gives the average velocity of the object.
Duplain St. is 300 m long and runs from west to east between Baron and Burkey. If Keith is strolling east from Baron at an average velocity of 3 km/hr, and Sue is power-walking west from Burkey at an average velocity of 6 km/hr, how long will it take them to meet?
Assuming constant velocities, if a fastball pitch is thrown and travels at 40 m/s toward home plate, 18 m away, and the head of the bat is simultaneously traveling toward the ball at 18.0 m/s, how much time elapses before the bat hits the ball?
Given below is the position-time graph representing the motion of two friends, A and B, jogging in a park. Use this graph to find their displacements after 4 s.
The position-time graph of two objects is found to be a straight line that passes through the origin with a slope of 0.8, and another straight line starting at point (1, 5) and crossing the x-axis at (21, 0).
At which point do the two object collide?
What is the average velocity of the first object? Of the second object?
Fluffy, a greyhound, travels 15 m in 2 seconds while another greyhound, Tiberius, travels 20 m in 3 seconds.
Construct a position-time graph comparing the two dogs.
A man starts his car from rest and accelerates at a m/s2 for a_t seconds. He then continues at a constant velocity for c_t seconds until he sees a tree blocking the road and applies brakes. The car, decelerating at r m/s2, finally comes to rest. Which of the following graphs represents the motion correctly?
(You can view the graphs on physics wk 5 assess f08)
The velocity-time graph of the motion of a particle is shown below. Calculate the total displacement of the particle from 0 to t4 seconds.
A car starts from rest with an acceleration of acceleration m/s2 at the instant when a second car moving with a velocity of velocity m/s passes it in a parallel line. How far does the first car move before it overtakes the second car?
Use the graph to find:
a) The acceleration of the car between t = 0 s and t = t1 s.
b) The acceleration of the car between t = t1 s and t = t2 s.
c) The acceleration of the car between t = t2 s and t = t3 s.
d) The acceleration of the car between t = t3 s and t = t4 s.
A horizontal line on a velocity/time graph shows ____
A horizontal line on a distance/time graph shows ___
What does the area under the curve on a velocity/time graph show?
In the velocity time graph provided, calculate the average acceleration of object 2 between 0 and 7 seconds.
In the velocity time graph provided, calculate the displacement of object 2 between 0 and 25 seconds.
(See physics unit exam (week 6 assess f08) for graph)
SP1d. Measure and calculate the magnitude of frictional forces and Newton’s three Laws of Motion / T or F: A force cannot exist without an agent and a system.
T or F: The net force on an object is the resultant of the force vectors.
The relationship among mass, force, and acceleration is explained by ____.
When a force is exerted on a box, an equal and opposite force is exerted by the box. These forces are called ____ forces.
A 3,000-N force acts on a 200-kg object. The acceleration of the object is ____.
In a free body diagram, the force arrows always point _____.
Two men pull a mass-kg box with forces f1 N and f2 N in the directions shown below. Find the resultant acceleration of the box and the direction in which the box moves.
Draw a motion diagram (force diagram) for a bucket on a rope being lowered into a well.
T or F: A Newton is the amount of force applied to a 1 g object that will cause it to have an acceleration of 1 km/s2.
T or F: Inertia is a force.
“ FA on B = -FB on A” is an expression of
Tension refers to
The normal force (FN) refers to
A car of mass 1330 kg is traveling at 28 m/s. The driver applies the brakes to bring the car to rest over a distance of 79 m. Calculate the retarding force acting on the car.
Draw a force diagram of a coin sliding on a desk accelerating from left to right.
The coefficient of kinetic friction is NOT
The static friction force is
A 50.0 kg wooden box is pushed across a floor with a constant speed of 2.5 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. If the force being applied to the box is halved, what is the resulting acceleration on the box?
The normal force on an object always acts
A child exerts a ______N horizontal force as he pulls a ______N toy across his playroom floor at a constant speed. What is the coefficient of friction between the floor and the toy? Ignore Air resistance.
SP1e. Measure and calculate the magnitude of gravitational forces. / T or F: The greater an object's mass, the weaker the gravitational force on it.
The example of a book falling off of a table shows a(n) _____.
Two objects that have the same mass are dropped from a tall building. One object is larger and flatter than the other. Explain why the larger, flatter object hits the ground last.
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. An asteroid passing by Earth at a determined distance might not be pulled into our atmosphere, but if the same asteroid were passing by Jupiter at the same distance, it might be pulled into Jupiter’s atmosphere. What is the BEST explanation for this?
Why is your weight less on the Moon than on Earth, but your mass is the same?
SP1f. Measure and calculate two-dimensional motion (projectile and circular) by using component vectors / A wolf spider runs 75 cm west, then turns and runs 50 cm south. Which choice gives the correct solution for the resultant?
The resultant between 2 vectors can be found by placing the vectors
An antelope trots 40 m east, then turns at a 45o angle and trots 70 m southeast. Which choice gives the correct solution for the resultant?
A human cannonball is launched from a cannon at 20.0 m/s at 37.0 degrees above the horizontal. What is the maximum height of the human cannonball?
A car is driven ____3.2m______due west, then ______1.9 m______due south. What is the magnitude of its displacement?
SP1g. Measure and calculate centripetal force. / A sprinter runs at a speed of 3.00 m/s on a circular track that has a radius of 40.00 m. Find the centripetal acceleration of the sprinter.
The movement of an object or a point mass at a constant speed around a circle that has a fixed radius is called uniform:
SP1h. Determine the conditions required to maintain a body in a state of static equilibrium. / When an object is in equilibrium, the net force is _____.
Equilibrium can occur only when …..
Juanita pulls on a crate with a rope. The tension in her rope is 25N. Jose pulls on the crate with another rope. The tension on Jose’s rope is 35N. The angle between the two ropes is 37 degrees. What is the resultant force and its direction? What is the equilibrant force and its direction?
SP2 Students will evaluate the significance of energy in understanding the structure of matter and the universe.