Diocese of Baton Rouge Environmentalscience Standards July, 2017 Page 1

RESOURCESANDRESOURCEMANAGEMENT
PerformanceExpectation / AnalyzeandinterpretdatatoidentifythefactorsthataffectsustainabledevelopmentandnaturalresourcemanagementinLouisiana.
ClarificationStatement / EvidenceofLouisiana’snaturalresourcewealthisfoundinunderstandingfunctionsandvaluesofvariedecosystemsandenvironments,supplyofnon-renewableminingproductsandprofitableagriculturalcommodities.Examplesofkeynaturalresourcesincludestatewaterways(suchasrivers,lakes,andbayous)andtheaquaticlifefoundinthem,regionsofagriculture(pineforests,sugarcaneandricefields)andhighconcentrationsofmineralsandfossilfuelsonandoffshore.Factorstoconsiderinreviewingthemanagementofnaturalresourcesinclude
areviewofhistoricalpractices,costsofresourceextractionandwastemanagement,consumptionofnaturalresources,ongoingresearchandtheadvancementsintechnology.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata:Analyzingdatain9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestointroducingmoredetailedstatisticalanalysis,thecomparisonofdatasetsforconsistency,andtheuseofmodelstogenerateandanalyzedata.
•Analyzedatausingtools,technologies,and/ormodels(e.g.,computational,mathematical)inordertomakevalidandreliablescientificclaimsordetermineanoptimaldesignsolution.
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / LOUISIANA’SNATURALRESOURCES
Ecosystemcapitalcanbecharacterizedasgoods(removableproducts)andservicessuchasthefunctionsandvaluesofwetlands.(HS.EVS1A.a) / STABILITYANDCHANGE
Changeandratesofchangecanbequantifiedandmodeledoververyshortorverylongperiodsoftime.Somesystemchangesareirreversible.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 1

RESOURCESANDRESOURCEMANAGEMENT
PerformanceExpectation / Obtain,evaluateandcommunicateinformationontheeffectivenessofmanagementorconservationpractices
foroneofLouisiana’snaturalresourceswithrespecttocommonconsiderationssuchassocial,economic,technological,andinfluencingpoliticalfactorsoverthepast50years.
ClarificationStatement / Therateoflandlossandhabitatconversionfromavarietyofforcesresultsinstressesandconstraintsthatinfluencedecisionsandcarryconsequencesthataffectqualityoflifeandhaveabearingonsustainability.Increasesincommercialandrecreationalusesmayresultintheneedforenvironmentalpoliciesandcallforchangesinlongestablishedpractices.Communityeffortstoaddresschangestosecuregrowthwhilepreservingtheresourcesdependoneducationandcollaborationbetweengroups.Examplesmayincludegroundwaterconservation,erosion/floodcontrol,forestrystewardship,gameandwildlife,commercialfishing,oilandgasindustry,dredging,orregulatoryfactors.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation:Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformationin9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestoevaluatingthevalidityandreliabilityoftheclaims,methods,anddesigns.
•Compare,integrateandevaluatesourcesofinformationpresentedindifferentmediaorformats(e.g.,visually,quantitatively)aswellasinwordsinordertoaddressascientificquestionorsolveaproblem.
•Gather,read,andevaluatescientificand/ortechnicalinformationfrommultipleauthoritativesources,assessingtheevidenceandusefulnessofeachsource. / RESOURCEMANAGEMENTFORLOUISIANA
Populationgrowthalongwithculturalandeconomicfactorsimpactresourceavailability,distributionanduse.(HS.EVS1B.a)
RESOURCEMANAGEMENTFORLOUISIANA
Somechangestoournaturalenvironmentsuchasthebuildingofleveesandhydrologicalmodificationhaveprovidedforeconomicandsocialdevelopmentbuthaveresultedinunintendednegativeimpacts.(HS.EVS1.B.b) / SYSTEMSANDSYSTEMMODELS
Wheninvestigatingordescribingasystem,theboundariesandinitialconditionsofthesystemneedtobedefinedandtheirinputsandoutputsanalyzedanddescribedusingmodels.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 2

RESOURCESANDRESOURCEMANAGEMENT
PerformanceExpectation / Analyzeandinterpretdataabouttheconsequencesofenvironmentaldecisionstodeterminetherisk-benefitvaluesofactionsandpracticesimplementedforselectedissues.
ClarificationStatement / Examplescouldbetakenfromsysteminteractions:(1)lossofgroundvegetationcausinganincreaseinwaterrunoffandsoilerosion.(2)dammedriversincreasingground-waterrecharge,decreasingsedimenttransport,andincreasingcoastalerosion.(3)lossofwetlandsreducingstormprotectionbufferzonesallowingfurtherwetlandreduction.(4)hydrologicalmodificationsuchasleveesprovidingprotectiontoinfrastructureatacosttoecosystems.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata:Analyzingdatain9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestointroducingmoredetailedstatisticalanalysis,thecomparisonofdatasetsforconsistency,andtheuseofmodelstogenerateandanalyzedata.
•Analyzedatatoidentifydesignfeaturesorcharacteristicsofthecomponentsofaproposedprocessorsystemtooptimizeitrelativetocriteriaforsuccess.
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / RESOURCEMANAGEMENTFORLOUISIANA
Somechangestoournaturalenvironmentsuchasthebuildingofleveesandhydrologicalmodificationhaveprovidedforeconomicandsocialdevelopmentbuthaveresultedinunintendednegativeimpacts.(HS.EVS1B.b) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Causeandeffectrelationshipscanbesuggestedandpredictedforcomplexnaturalandhuman-designedsystemsbyexaminingwhatisknownaboutsmallerscalemechanismswithinthesystem.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 3

ENVIRONMENTALAWARENESSANDPROTECTION
PerformanceExpectation / Designandevaluateasolutiontolimittheintroductionofnon-pointsourcepollutionintostatewaterways.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofnon-pointsourcewaterpollutioncouldincludenitrogenandphosphoruscompoundsfromagriculturalactivitiesandsedimentsfrompoorland-usepractices.NitrogenandphosphoruscontributetoeutrophicationandareanthropegenicdriversoftheGulfofMexicohypoxicareaknownasthedeadzone.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigning solutions:Constructingexplanations(science)anddesigningsolutions(engineering)in9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestoexplanationsanddesignsthataresupportedbymultipleandindependentstudent-generatedsourcesofevidence
consistentwithscientificideas,principles,andtheories.
•Design,evaluateand/orrefineasolutiontoacomplexreal-worldproblem,basedonscientificknowledge,student-generatedsourcesofevidence,prioritizedcriteriaandtrade-offconsiderations.
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / POLLUTIONANDTHEENVIRONMENT
Pollutionincludesbothnaturalandman-madesubstanceswhichoccuratratesorlevelswhichincurharm(i.e.combustionoffossilfuels,agriculturalwaste,andindustrialbyproducts).Pollutioncanbecategorizedaspoint-sourcepollutionandnon-pointsourcepollution.(HS.EVS2A.a)
ENVIRONMENTALCHOICES
Differentapproachescanbeusedtomanageimpactstoourenvironment.Generallyspeaking,wecanchangehumanactivitiestolimitnegativeimpacts.Alternately,wecanusetechnologiesthatreduceimpactorwecanperformrestorationworktorecovernaturalfunctionsandvalues.(HS.EVS2C.a)
Trade-offsoccurwhenwemakeenvironmentalchoices.(HS.EVS2C.b)
DEFININGANDDELIMITINGENGINEERINGPROBLEMS
Humanityfacesmajorglobalchallengestoday,suchastheneedforsuppliesofcleanwaterandfoodorforenergysourcesthatminimizepollution,whichcanbeaddressedthroughengineering.Theseglobalchallengesalsomayhavemanifestationsinlocalcommunities.(HS.ETS1A.b) / STRUCTUREANDFUNCTION
Investigatingordesigningnewsystemsorstructuresrequiresadetailedexaminationoftheproperties
ofdifferentmaterials,thestructuresofdifferentcomponents,andconnectionsofcomponentstorevealitsfunctionand/orsolveaproblem.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 4

ENVIRONMENTALAWARENESSANDPROTECTION
PerformanceExpectation / Useamodeltopredicttheeffectsthatpollutionasalimitingfactorhasonanorganism’spopulationdensity.
ClarificationStatement / Thelawoflimitingfactorsisoftenillustratedasagraphictolerancecurveandcanbeusedtoinfertherangeoftoleranceaspecieshasforspecificpollutionhazards.Whencombinedwithreal-worlddatasuchasfieldmeasurementsofabioticfactors,thesemodelscanbeusedtohelppredictthesuitabilityofanecosystemforaparticularspecies.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestousing,synthesizing,anddevelopingmodelstopredictandshowrelationshipsamongvariablesbetweensystemsandtheircomponentsinthenaturalanddesignedworld(s)
•Developand/oruseamodel(includingmathematicalandcomputational)togeneratedatatosupportexplanations,predictphenomena,analyzesystemsand/orsolveproblems
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / POLLUTIONANDTHEENVIRONMENT
Differentorganismshaveuniquetolerancestopollutionhazards.Manyoftheorganismsmosttolerantofpollutionaretheleastdesirabletohumans(e.g.,forfood,forrecreation,forecosystemservices).(HS.EVS2A.b) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Causeandeffectrelationshipscanbesuggestedandpredictedforcomplexnaturalandhumandesignedsystemsbyexaminingwhatisknownaboutsmallerscalemechanismswithinthesystem.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 5

ENVIRONMENTALAWARENESSANDPROTECTION
PerformanceExpectation / UsemultiplelinesofevidencetoconstructanargumentaddressingthenegativeimpactsthatintroducedorganismshaveonLouisiana’snativespecies.
ClarificationStatement / TheexoticorganismsintroducedinLouisianaincludeplantssuchasChinesetallow,kudzuandwaterhyacynthandanimalsincludingnutria,Asiantigermosquitoesandzebramussels.Theseorganismscanhaveimpactsonscalesrangingfromtheleveloftheindividual(e.g.competition)tothatofthelandscape(e.g.thedestructionofcoastalmarshesbynutria).
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence:Engaginginargumentfromevidencein9-12buildsonK-8
experiencesandprogressestousingappropriateandsufficientevidenceandscientificreasoningtodefendandcritiqueclaimsandexplanationsaboutnaturalanddesignedworld(s).Argumentsmayalsocomefromcurrentscientificorhistoricalepisodesinscience
•Construct,use,and/orpresentanoralandwrittenargumentorcounterargumentsbasedondataandevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / ECOSYSTEMCHANGE
Theintroductionofexotic/invasivespeciescausesadisruptioninnaturalecosystemsandcanleadtothelossofnativespecies(i.e.threatened/endangered).(HS.EVS2B.a)
Changesinecosystemsimpacttheavailabilityofnaturalresources(e.g.sedimentstarvation,climatechange).(HS.EVS2B.b) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Causeandeffectrelationshipscanbesuggestedandpredictedforcomplexnaturalandhumandesignedsystemsbyexaminingwhatisknownaboutsmallerscalemechanismswithinthesystem.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 6

PERSONALRESPONSIBILITIES
PerformanceExpectation / Constructandevaluateargumentsaboutthepositiveandnegativeconsequencesofusingdisposableresourcesversusreusableresources.
ClarificationStatement / Resourcescanbebothnaturalorman-madeandmayincluderenewableandnon-renewableenergysources,soil,ecosystems,forestry,fisheries,plastic,paper,oraluminumproducts.Energyusedtocreateanddisposeofproductsmayalsobeconsidered.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence:Engaginginargumentfromevidencein9-12buildsonK-8
experiencesandprogressestousingappropriateandsufficientevidenceandscientificreasoningtodefendandcritiqueclaimsandexplanationsaboutnaturalanddesignedworld(s).Argumentsmayalsocomefromcurrentscientificorhistoricalepisodesinscience.
•Evaluatetheclaims,evidence,and/orreasoningbehindcurrentlyacceptedexplanationsorsolutionstodeterminethemeritsofarguments.
•Construct,use,and/orpresentanoralandwrittenargumentorcounterargumentsbasedondataandevidence.
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / STEWARDSHIP
Ecosystemsustainabilitycanbeusedasamodelforasustainablesociety(e.g.recycling,energyefficiency,diversity).(HS.EVS3A.a)
Louisianacitizensareresponsibleforconservingourstate’snaturalresources.Personalactionscanhaveapositiveornegativeimpact.(HS.EVS3A.b) / ENERGYANDMATTER
Changesofenergyandmatterinasystemcanbedescribedintermsofenergyandmatterflowsinto,outof,andwithinthatsystem.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 7

EARTH’SSYSTEMS
PerformanceExpectation / AnalyzegeosciencedatatomaketheclaimthatonechangetoEarth’ssurfacecancreatefeedbacksthatcausechangestootherEarth’ssystems.
ClarificationStatement / ExamplescouldincludeclimatefeedbackssuchashowanincreaseingreenhousegasescausesariseinglobaltemperaturesthatmeltsglacialicewhichreducestheamountofsunlightreflectedfromEarth’ssurfaceincreasingsurfacetemperaturesandfurtherreducingtheamountofice.Examplescouldalsobetakenfromothersysteminteractionssuchashowthelossofgroundvegetationcausesanincreaseinwaterrunoffandsoilerosion;howdamnedriversincreasegroundwaterrecharge,decreasesedimenttransport,andincreasecoastalerosion;orhowthelossofwetlandscausesadecreaseinlocalhumiditythatfurtherreducesthewetlandextent.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata:Analyzingdatain9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestointroducingmoredetailedstatisticalanalysis,thecomparisonofdatasetsforconsistency,andtheuseofmodelstogenerateandanalyzedata
•Analyzedatausingtools,technologies,and/ormodels(e.g.,computational,mathematical)inordertomakevalidandreliablescientificclaimsordetermineanoptimaldesignsolution.
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / EARTHMATERIALSANDSYSTEMS
Earth’ssystems,beingdynamicandinteracting,includefeedbackeffectsthatcanincreaseordecreasetheoriginalchanges.(HS.ESS2A.a)
WEATHERANDCLIMATE
ThefoundationforEarth’sglobalclimatesystemsistheelectromagneticradiationfromthesun,aswellasitsreflection,absorption,storage,andredistributionamongtheatmosphere,hydrosphere,andlandsystems,andthisenergy’sre-radiationintospace.(HS.ESS2D.a) / STABILITYANDCHANGE
Feedback(negativeorpositive)canstabilizeordestabilizeasystem.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 8

EARTH’SSYSTEMS
PerformanceExpectation / AnalyzeandinterpretdatatoexplorehowvariationsintheflowofenergyintoandoutofEarth’ssystemsresultin
changesinatmosphereandclimate.
ClarificationStatement / Changesdifferbytimescale,fromsudden(largevolcaniceruption,hydrospherecirculation)tointermediate(hydrospherecirculation,solaroutput,humanactivity)andlong-term(Earth’sorbitandtheorientationofitsaxisandchangesinatmosphericcomposition).Examplesofhumanactivitiescouldincludefossilfuelcombustion,cementproduction,oragriculturalactivityandnaturalprocessessuchaschangesinincomingsolarradiationorvolcanicactivity.Examplesofdatacanincludetables,graphs,mapsofglobalandregionaltemperatures,andatmosphericlevelsofgases.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata:Analyzingdatain9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestointroducingmoredetailedstatisticalanalysis,thecomparisonofdatasetsforconsistency,andtheuseofmodelstogenerateandanalyzedata
•Analyzedatausingtools,technologies,and/ormodels(e.g.,computational,mathematical)inordertomakevalidandreliablescientificclaimsordetermineanoptimaldesignsolution
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / EARTHANDTHESOLARSYSTEM
CyclicalchangesintheshapeofEarth’sorbitaroundthesun,togetherwithchangesinthetiltoftheplanet’saxisofrotation,bothoccurringoverhundredsofthousandsofyears,havealteredtheintensityanddistributionofsunlightfallingonEarth.Thesephenomenacauseacycleoficeagesandothergradualclimatechanges.(HS.ESS1B.b)
EARTHMATERIALSANDSYSTEMS
Thegeologicalrecordshowsthatchangestoglobalandregionalclimatecanbecausedbyinteractionsamongchangesinthesun’senergyoutputorEarth’sorbit,tectonicevents,hydrospherecirculation,volcanicactivity,glaciers,vegetation,andhumanactivities.Thesechangescanoccur
onavarietyoftimescalesfromsudden(e.g.,volcanicashclouds)tointermediate(iceages)toverylong-termtectoniccycles.(HS.ESS2A.d)
WEATHERANDCLIMATE
ThefoundationforEarth’sglobalclimatesystemsistheelectromagneticradiationfromthesun,aswellasitsreflection,absorption,storage,andredistributionamongtheatmosphere,hydrosphereandlandsystems,andthisenergy’sre-radiationintospace.(HS.ESS2D.a)
Gradualatmosphericchangeswereduetoplantsandotherorganismsthatcapturedcarbondioxideandreleasedoxygen.(HS.ESS2D.b)
Changesintheatmosphereduetohumanactivityhaveincreasedcarbondioxideconcentrationsandthusaffectclimate.(HS.ESS2D.c) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Empiricalevidenceisrequiredtodifferentiatebetweencauseandcorrelationandmakeclaimsaboutspecificcausesandeffects.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 9

EARTH’SSYSTEMS
PerformanceExpectation / PlanandconductaninvestigationonthepropertiesofwateranditseffectsonEarthmaterialsandsurfaceprocesses.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisonmechanicalandchemicalinvestigationswithwaterandavarietyofsolidmaterialstoprovidetheevidenceforconnectionsbetweenthehydrologiccycleandsysteminteractionscommonlyknownastherockcycle.Examplesofmechanicalinvestigationsincludestreamtransportationanddepositionusingastreamtable,erosionusingvariationsinsoilmoisturecontent,orfrostwedgingbytheexpansionofwaterasitfreezes.Examplesofchemicalinvestigationsincludechemicalweatheringandrecrystallization(bytestingthesolubilityofdifferentmaterials)ormeltgeneration(byexamininghowwaterlowersthemeltingtemperatureofmostsolids)
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations:Planningandcarryingoutinvestigationstoanswerquestions(science)ortestsolutions(engineering)toproblemsin9-12buildson
K-8experiencesandprogressestoincludeinvestigationsthatprovideevidenceforandtestconceptual,mathematical,physical,andempiricalmodels.
•Plananinvestigation(science)ortestadesign(engineering)individuallyandcollaborativelytoproducedatatoserveasthebasisforevidenceaspartofbuildingandrevisingmodels,supportingexplanationsforphenomena,ortestingsolutionstoproblems.Considerpossibleconfoundingvariablesoreffectsandevaluatetheinvestigation’sdesigntoensurevariablesarecontrolled.
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / THEROLEOFWATERINEARTH’SSURFACEPROCESSES
TheabundanceofliquidwateronEarth’ssurfaceanditsuniquecombinationofphysicalandchemicalpropertiesarecentraltotheplanet’sdynamics.Thesepropertiesincludewater’sexceptionalcapacitytoabsorb,store,andreleaselargeamountsofenergy,transmitsunlight,expanduponfreezing,dissolveandtransportmaterials,andlowertheviscositiesandmeltingpointsofrocks(HS.ESS2C.a) / STRUCTUREANDFUNCTION
Thefunctionsandpropertiesofnaturalanddesignedobjectsandsystemscanbeinferredfromtheiroverallstructure,thewaytheircomponentsareshapedandused,andthemolecularsubstructuresofitsvariousmaterials.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 10

EARTH’SSYSTEMS
PerformanceExpectation / Developaquantitativemodeltodescribethecyclingofcarbonamongthehydrosphere,atmosphere,geosphere,andbiosphere.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisonmodelingbiogeochemicalcyclesthatincludethecyclingofcarbonthroughtheocean,atmosphere,soil,andbiosphere(includinghumans),providingthefoundationforlivingorganisms.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels:Modelingin9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestousing,synthesizing,anddevelopingmodelstopredictandshowrelationshipsamongvariablesbetweensystemsandtheircomponentsinthenaturalanddesignedworlds.
•Developamodelbasedonevidencetoillustratetherelationshipsbetweensystemsorbetweencomponentsofasystem.
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / WEATHERANDCLIMATE
Gradualatmosphericchangeswereduetoplantsandotherorganismsthatcapturedcarbondioxideandreleasedoxygen.(HS.ESS2D.b)
Changesintheatmosphereduetohumanactivityhaveincreasedcarbondioxideconcentrationsandthusaffectclimate.(HS.ESS2D.c) / ENERGYANDMATTER
Thetotalamountofenergyandmatterinclosedsystemsisconserved.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 11

HUMAN SUSTAINABILITY
PerformanceExpectation / Constructanexplanationbasedonevidenceforhowtheavailabilityofnaturalresources,occurrenceofnatural
hazards,andchangesinclimatehaveinfluencedhumanactivity.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofkeynaturalresourcesincludeaccesstofreshwater(suchasrivers,lakes,andgroundwater),regionsoffertilesoilssuchasriverdeltas,andhighconcentrationsofmineralsandfossilfuels.Examplesofnaturalhazardscanbefrominteriorprocesses(suchasvolcaniceruptionsandearthquakes),surfaceprocesses(suchastsunamis,masswastingandsoilerosion),andsevereweather(suchashurricanes,floods,anddroughts).Naturalhazards
andothergeologiceventsexhibitsomenon-randompatternsofoccurrence.Examplesoftheresultsofchangesinclimatethatcanaffectpopulationsordrivemassmigrationsincludechangestosealevel,regionalpatternsoftemperatureandprecipitation,orthetypesofcropsandlivestockthatcanberaised.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigning solutions:Constructingexplanations(science)anddesigningsolutions(engineering)in9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestoexplanationsanddesignsthataresupportedbymultipleandindependentstudent-generatedsourcesofevidence
consistentwithscientificideas,principles,andtheories.
•Constructanexplanationbasedonvalidandreliableevidenceobtainedfromavarietyofsources(includingstudents’owninvestigations,models,theories,simulations,peerreview)andthe
assumptionthattheoriesandlawsthatdescribethenaturalworldoperatetodayastheydidinthepastandwillcontinuetodosointhefuture.
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / NATURALRESOURCES
Resourceavailabilityhasguidedthedevelopmentofhumansociety.(HS.ESS3A.a)
NATURALHAZARDS
Naturalhazardsandothergeologiceventshaveshapedthecourseofhumanhistory;[they]havesignificantlyalteredthesizesofhumanpopulationsandhavedrivenhumanmigrations.(HS.ESS3B.a) / CAUSEANDEFFECT
Empiricalevidenceisrequiredtodifferentiatebetweencauseandcorrelationandmakeclaimsaboutspecificcausesandeffects.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 12

HUMAN SUSTAINABILITY
PerformanceExpectation / Evaluatecompetingdesignsolutionsfordeveloping,managing,andutilizingenergyandmineralresourcesbasedoncost-benefitratios.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisontheconservation,recycling,andreuseofresources(suchasmineralsandmetals)wherepossible,andonminimizingimpactswhereitisnot.Examplesincludedevelopingbestpracticesforagricultural,soiluse,forestry,andmining(forcoal,tarsands,andoilshales),andpumping(forpetroleumandnaturalgas).Scienceknowledgeindicateswhatcanhappeninnaturalsystems--notwhatshouldhappen.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigning solutions:Constructingexplanations(science)anddesigningsolutions(engineering)in9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestoexplanationsanddesignsthataresupportedbymultipleandindependentstudent-generatedsourcesofevidence
consistentwithscientificideas,principles,andtheories.
•Design,evaluate,and/orrefineasolutiontoacomplexreal-worldproblem,basedonscientificknowledge,student-generatedsourcesofevidence,prioritizedcriteria,andtradeoffconsiderations.
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / NATURALRESOURCES
Allformsofenergyproductionandotherresourceextractionhaveassociatedeconomic,social,environmental,andgeopoliticalcostsandrisksaswellasbenefits.Newtechnologiesandsocialregulationscanchangethebalanceofthesefactors.(HS.ESS3A.b)
DESIGNINGSOLUTIONSTOENGINEERINGPROBLEMS
Whenevaluatingsolutions,itisimportanttotakeintoaccountarangeofconstraints,includingcost,safety,reliability,andaesthetics,andtoconsidersocial,cultural,andenvironmentalimpacts.(HS.ETS1B.a) / SYSTEMSANDSYSTEMMODELS
Systemscanbedesignedtodospecifictasks.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 13

HUMAN SUSTAINABILITY
PerformanceExpectation / Createacomputationalsimulationtoillustratetherelationshipsamongmanagementofnaturalresources,thesustainabilityofhumanpopulations,andbiodiversity.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesoffactorsthataffectthemanagementofnaturalresourcesincludecostsofresourceextractionandwastemanagement,per-capitaconsumption,andthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies.Examplesoffactorsthataffecthumansustainabilityincludeagriculturalefficiency,levelsofconservation,andurbanplanning.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking:Mathematicalandcomputationalthinkingin9-12buildsonK-8experiencesandprogressestousingalgebraicthinkingandanalysis,arangeoflinearandnonlinearfunctions(e.g.trigonometric,exponentialandlogarithmic)andcomputationaltoolsforstatisticalanalysistoanalyze,represent,andmodeldata.Simple
computationalsimulationsarecreatedandusedbasedonmathematicalmodelsofbasicassumptions.
•Createacomputationalmodelorsimulationofaphenomenon,designeddevice,process,orsystem
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / HUMANIMPACTSONEARTHSYSTEMS
Thesustainabilityofhumansocietiesandthebiodiversitythatsupportsthemrequiresresponsiblemanagementofnaturalresources.(HS.ESS3C.a) / STABILITYANDCHANGE
Changeandratesofchangecanbequantifiedandmodeledoververyshortorverylongperiodsoftime.Somesystemchangesareirreversible.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 14

HUMAN SUSTAINABILITY
PerformanceExpectation / Evaluateorrefineatechnologicalsolutionthatreducesimpactsofhumanactivitiesonnaturalsystems.*
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofdataontheimpactsofhumanactivitiescouldincludethequantitiesandtypesofpollutantsreleased,changestobiomassandspeciesdiversity,orarealchangesinlandsurfaceuse(suchasforurbandevelopment,agricultureandlivestock,orsurfacemining).Examplesforlimitingfutureimpactscouldrangefromlocalefforts(suchasreducing,reusing,andrecyclingresources)tolarge-scalegeoengineeringdesignsolutions(suchasalteringglobaltemperaturesbymakinglargechangestotheatmosphereorocean).
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigning solutions:Constructingexplanations(science)anddesigningsolutions(engineering)in9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestoexplanationsanddesignsthataresupportedbymultipleandindependentstudent-generatedsourcesofevidence
consistentwithscientificideas,principles,andtheories.
•Designorrefineasolutiontoacomplexreal-worldproblem,basedonscientificknowledge,student-generatedsourcesofevidence,prioritizedcriteria,andtradeoffconsiderations
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / HUMANIMPACTSONEARTHSYSTEMS
Scientistsandengineerscanmakemajorcontributionsbydevelopingtechnologiesthatproducelesspollutionandwasteandthatprecludeecosystemdegradation.(HS.ESS3C.b)
DESIGNINGSOLUTIONSTOENGINEERINGPROBLEMS
Whenevaluatingsolutions,itisimportanttotakeintoaccountarangeofconstraints,includingcost,safety,reliability,andaesthetics,andtoconsidersocial,cultural,andenvironmentalimpacts.(HS.ETS1B.a) / STABILITYANDCHANGE
Feedback(negativeorpositive)canstabilizeordestabilizeasystem.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 15

HUMAN SUSTAINABILITY
PerformanceExpectation / UseacomputationalrepresentationtoillustratetherelationshipsamongEarthsystemsandhowthoserelationshipsarebeingmodifiedduetohumanactivity.
ClarificationStatement / ExamplesofEarthsystemstobeconsideredarethehydrosphere,atmosphere,cryosphere,geosphere,and/orbiosphere.Anexampleofthefar-reachingimpactsfromahumanactivityishowanincreaseinatmospheric
carbondioxideresultsinanincreaseinphotosyntheticbiomassonlandandanincreaseinoceanacidification,withresultingimpactsonseaorganismhealthandmarinepopulations.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking:Mathematicalandcomputationalthinkingin9-12buildsonK-8experiencesandprogressestousingalgebraicthinkingandanalysis,arangeoflinearandnonlinearfunctions(e.g.trigonometric,exponentialandlogarithmic)andcomputationaltoolsforstatisticalanalysistoanalyze,represent,andmodeldata.Simple
computationalsimulationsarecreatedandusedbasedonmathematicalmodelsofbasicassumptions.
•Useacomputationalrepresentationofphenomenaordesignsolutionstodescribeand/orsupportclaimsand/orexplanations.
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / WEATHERANDCLIMATE
Currentmodelspredictthat,althoughfutureregionalclimatechangeswillbecomplexandvaried,averageglobaltemperatureswillcontinuetorise.Theoutcomespredictedbyglobalclimatemodelsstronglydependontheamountsofhuman-generatedgreenhousegasesaddedtotheatmosphereeachyearandbytheways
inwhichthesegasesareabsorbedbytheoceanandbiosphere.(HS.ESS2D.d)
GLOBALCLIMATECHANGE
Importantdiscoveriesarestillbeingmadeabouthowtheocean,theatmosphere,andthebiosphereinteractandaremodifiedinresponsetohumanactivities(e.g.,throughcomputersimulationsandotherdiscoveriessatelliteimagery).(HS.ESS3D.b) / SYSTEMSANDSYSTEMMODELS
Wheninvestigatingordescribingasystem,theboundariesandinitialconditionsofthesystemneedtobedefinedandtheirinputsandoutputsanalyzedanddescribedusingmodels.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 16

ECOSYSTEMS:INTERACTIONS,ENERGYANDDYNAMICS
PerformanceExpectation / Usemathematicaland/orcomputationalrepresentationstosupportexplanationsoffactorsthataffectcarryingcapacity,biodiversityandpopulationsofecosystemsatdifferentscales.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisonquantitativeanalysisandcomparisonoftherelationshipsamonginterdependentfactorsincludingboundaries,resources,climateandcompetition.Examplesofmathematicalcomparisonscouldincludegraphs,charts,histograms,orpopulationchangesgatheredfromsimulationsorhistoricaldatasets.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking:Mathematicalandcomputationalthinkingin9-12buildsonK-8experiencesandprogressestousingalgebraicthinkingandanalysis,arangeoflinearandnonlinearfunctions(e.g.trigonometric,exponentialandlogarithmic)andcomputationaltoolsforstatisticalanalysistoanalyze,represent,andmodeldata.Simple
computationalsimulationsarecreatedandusedbasedonmathematicalmodelsofbasicassumptions.
•Usemathematical,computational,and/oralgorithmicrepresentationsofphenomenaordesignsolutionstodescribeand/orsupportclaimsand/orexplanations.
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / INTERDEPENDENTRELATIONSHIPSINECOSYSTEMS
Ecosystemshavecarryingcapacities,whicharelimitstothenumbersoforganismsandpopulationstheycansupport.Theselimitsresultfromsuchfactorsastheavailabilityoflivingandnonlivingresourcesandfromsuchchallengesaspredation,competition,anddisease
thataffectbiodiversity,includinggeneticdiversitywithinapopulationandspeciesdiversitywithinanecosystem.Organismswouldhavethecapacitytoproducepopulationsofgreatsizewereitnotforthefactthatenvironmentsandresourcesarefinite.Thisfundamentaltensionaffectstheabundance(numberofindividuals)ofspeciesinanygivenecosystem.(HS.LS2A.a)
Humanactivitydirectlyandindirectlyaffectbiodiversityandecosystemhealth(e.g.,habitatfragmentation,introductionofnonnativeorinvasivespecies,over-harvesting,pollutionandclimatechange).
(HS.LS2A.b) / SCALE,PROPORTION,ANDQUANTITY
Thesignificanceofaphenomenonisdependentonthescale,proportion,andquantityatwhichitoccurs.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 17

ECOSYSTEMS:INTERACTIONS,ENERGYANDDYNAMICS
PerformanceExpectation / Usemathematicalrepresentationstosupportclaimsforthecyclingofmatterandflowofenergyamongorganismsinanecosystem.
ClarificationStatement / Emphasisisonusingamathematicalmodelofstoredenergyinbiomasstodescribethetransferofenergyfromonetrophicleveltoanotherandthatmatterandenergyareconservedasmattercyclesandenergyflowsthroughecosystems.Emphasisisonatomsandmoleculessuchascarbon,oxygen,hydrogenandnitrogenbeingconservedastheymovethroughanecosystem.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking:Mathematicalandcomputationalthinkingin9-12buildsonK-8experiencesandprogressestousingalgebraicthinkingandanalysis,arangeoflinearandnonlinearfunctions(e.g.trigonometric,exponentialandlogarithmic)andcomputationaltoolsforstatisticalanalysistoanalyze,represent,andmodeldata.Simple
computationalsimulationsarecreatedandusedbasedonmathematicalmodelsofbasicassumptions.
•Usemathematical,computational,and/oralgorithmicrepresentationsofphenomenaordesignsolutionstodescribeand/orsupportclaimsand/orexplanations.
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / CYCLES OFMATTERANDENERGYTRANSFERINECOSYSTEMS
Energyisinefficientlytransferredfromonetrophicleveltoanotherthataffecttherelativenumberoforganismsthatcanbesupportedateachtrophiclevelandnecessitatesaconstantinputofenergyfromsunlightorinorganiccompoundsfromtheenvironment.(HS.LS2B.b)
Photosynthesis,cellularrespiration,decompositionandcombustionareimportantcomponentsofthecarboncycle,inwhichcarbonisexchangedamongthebiosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,andgeospherethroughchemical,physical,geological,andbiologicalprocesses.(HS.LS2B.c)
Photosynthesis,chemosynthesis,aerobicandanaerobicrespirationandcellularrespiration(includinganaerobicprocesses)providemostoftheenergyforlifeprocesses.Environmentalconditionsrestrictwhichandwhenreactionscanoccur.(HS.LS2B.a)(suggestedextension) / ENERGYANDMATTER:FLOWS,CYCLES,ANDCONSERVATION
Energycannotbecreatedordestroyed—itonlymovesbetweenoneplaceandanotherplace,betweenobjectsand/orfields,orbetweensystems.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 18

ECOSYSTEMS:INTERACTIONS,ENERGYANDDYNAMICS
PerformanceExpectation / Evaluatetheclaims,evidenceandreasoningthatthecomplexinteractionsinecosystemsmaintainrelativelyconsistentnumbersandtypesoforganismsinstableconditions,butchangingconditionsmayresultinanewecosystem.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofchangesinecosystemconditionscouldincludemodestbiologicalorphysicalchanges,suchasmoderatehuntingoraseasonalfloodandextremechanges,suchasvolcaniceruptionorsealevelrise.Emphasisshouldbeondescribingdriversofecosystemstabilityandchange,notontheorganismalmechanismsofresponsesandinteractions.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigningsolutions
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence:Engaginginargumentfromevidencein9–12buildsonK–8
experiencesandprogressestousingappropriateandsufficientevidenceandscientificreasoningtodefendandcritiqueclaimsandexplanationsaboutthenaturalanddesignedworld(s).Argumentsmayalsocomefromcurrentscientificorhistoricalepisodesinscience.
•Evaluatetheclaims,evidence,and/orreasoningbehindcurrentlyacceptedexplanationsorsolutionstodeterminethemeritsofarguments.
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / ECOSYSTEMDYNAMICS,FUNCTIONING,ANDRESILIENCE
Thedynamicinteractionswithinanecosystemcankeepitsnumbersandtypesoforganismsrelativelyconstantoverlongperiodsoftimeunderstable
conditions.Ifamodestbiologicalorphysicaldisturbancetoanecosystemoccurs,itmayreturntoitsmoreor
lessoriginalstatus(i.e.,theecosystemisresilient),asopposedtobecomingaverydifferentecosystem.Extremefluctuationsinconditionsorthesizeofanypopulation,however,canchallengethefunctioningofecosystemsintermsofresourcesandhabitatavailabilityandmayresultinnewecosystems.(HS.LS2C.a) / STABILITYANDCHANGE
Muchofsciencedealswithconstructingexplanationsofhowthingschangeandhowtheyremainstable.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 19

ECOSYSTEMS:INTERACTIONS,ENERGYANDDYNAMICS
PerformanceExpectation / Design,evaluate,andrefineasolutionforreducingtheimpactsofhumanactivitiesontheenvironmentandbiodiversity.
ClarificationStatement / Examplesofhumanactivitiescanincludeurbanization,buildingdams,anddisseminationofinvasivespecies.
ScienceEngineeringPractices / DisciplinaryCoreIdeas / CrosscuttingConcepts
1.Askingquestionsanddefiningproblems
2.Developingandusingmodels
3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations
4.Analyzingandinterpretingdata
5.Usingmathematicsandcomputationalthinking
6.Constructingexplanationsanddesigning solutions:Constructingexplanations(science)anddesigningsolutions(engineering)in9–12buildsonK–8experiencesandprogressestoexplanationsanddesignsthataresupportedbymultipleandindependentstudent-generatedsourcesofevidence
consistentwithscientificideas,principles,andtheories.
•Design,evaluate,and/orrefineasolutiontoacomplexreal-worldproblem,basedonscientificknowledge,student-generatedsourcesofevidence,prioritizedcriteria,andtradeoffconsiderations.
7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence
8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation / ECOSYSTEMDYNAMICS,FUNCTIONING,ANDRESILIENCE
Ecosystemswithagreaterbiodiversitytendtohaveagreaterresistanceandresiliencetochange.Moreover,anthropogenicchanges(inducedbyhumanactivity)intheenvironment—includinghabitatdestruction,pollution,introductionofinvasivespecies,overexploitation,andclimatechange—candisruptanecosystemandthreatenthesurvivalofsomespecies.(HS.LS2C.b)
BIODIVERSITYANDHUMANS
Biodiversityisincreasedbytheformationofnewspecies(speciation)anddecreasedbythelossofspecies(extinction).Humansdependonthelivingworldfortheresourcesandotherbenefitsprovidedbybiodiversity.Humanactivityisalsohavingadverseimpactsonbiodiversitythroughoverpopulation,overexploitation,habitatdestruction,pollution,introductionofinvasivespecies,andclimatechange.Thus,sustainingbiodiversitysothatecosystemfunctioningandproductivityaremaintainedisessentialtosupportingandenhancinglifeonEarth.
Sustainingbiodiversityalsoaidshumanitybypreservinglandscapesofrecreationalorinspirationalvalue.(HS.LS4D.a)
DEVELOPINGPOSSIBLESOLUTIONS
Whenevaluatingsolutionsitisimportanttotakeintoaccountarangeofconstraintsincludingcost,safety,reliabilityandaestheticsandtoconsidersocial,culturalandenvironmentalimpacts.(HS.ETS1B.a) / STABILITYANDCHANGE
Muchofsciencedealswithconstructingexplanationsofhowthingschangeandhowtheyremainstable.

Diocese of Baton Rouge EnvironmentalScience Standards July, 2017 Page 20