Matter and Chemistry Review Sheet

I will have a test on ______. Please sign this sheet indicating that I have studied and may receive 5 bonus points.

  • Study/Look over your IAN notebook also.

Matter - is anything that takes up space and has mass.

Three main phases of Matter are: Solid, Liquid and Gas.

Know examples of “Matter” and examples of “Not Matter” – refer to your IAN notebook for examples.

Law of Conservation of Mass– states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed, but only changes form.

Density = Mass/Volume

Density of Water is always 1.0 g/ml3. Anything greater than 1.0g/ml3will sink and anything less than 1.0g/ml3 will float.

Water Displacement is the method we use to find the volume of irregular shaped objects. Graduated Cyclinder Ending Amount – Beginning Amount = the object’s volume. Then that volume number goes over the mass number.

Periodic Table

Matter– anything that has mass and takes up space.

Atomic Number– tells the number of protons in the nucleus, tells the location of the element on the periodic table, is the smaller number on the element block, is the top number on the element block.Remember APE

Atomic mass - the total number of protons + neutrons tells the weight of the nucleus, is the larger number on the element block, or the bottom number on the element block. Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus and add up to be the atomic mass.

Protons – have a positive charge, are located IN the nucleus, # of protons is the same as the atomic number. Perky Patty Protons - Remember APE

Neutrons – have no charge, are located IN the nucleus, to find the # of neutrons you subtract the atomic # from the atomic mass. Neutral Nelda Neutrons

Electrons – have a negative charge, are located AROUND the nucleus, # of electrons is the same as the atomic number. Enraged Elliot Electrons – remember APE

APE – atomic number, protons and electrons are the same number

MAN – Mass – Atomic Number = Neutron

Organic Elements - are non metals – Hydrogen (H), Oxygen(O), Nitrogen(N), Carbon(C),

Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S).

Valence Electrons – are the electrons in the outer or last orbit of the atom.

Groups/ Families – are in columns (they go up and down), the elements have similar or like properties and “they are related” like families and behave similiarly.

Period – rows that go across

Example – Group/Family 17, Period 2 is the element – Fluorine

Group /Family 10, Period 4 is the element – Nickel

Metals, Metalloids and Non Metals

Metals– Shiny luster, good conductors (easily transmits electricity and heat), poor insulator, malleable (can be bent and hammered into shape), ductile (can be drawn into wires), are located on the left side of the periodic table, solids (except for Mercury), high boiling points

NonMetals – dull, poor conductor, good insulator (resist the flow of electricity and heat), brittle (breaks easily), mostly Gases, low boiling points, are located on the right side of the periodic table.

Metalloids – have characteristics of metals and non metals, are located in between metals and nonmetals, semiconductors,

Elements, Mixtures, Compounds

Elements – molecules that have only one type of atom, ex: O, H, N2, H4

Atom - is the smallest particle of an element

Compounds – molecules that have two or more different types of element, ex: CO2, H2O, OH

Mixtures – a combination of two or more substances that arenot chemically combined and can be separated. ex: chex mix, luck charms cereal, salads, air, blood, sand

APE – atomic number, protons and electrons are the same number

MAN – Mass – Atomic Number = Neutrons

Know how to read the Periodic Table

Element Symbol
Examples:
O
Cl
Br / Name
Oxygen
Chlorine
Bromine / Atomic Number 8
17
35 / Atomic Mass
15.999
35.453
79.904 / Protons
8
17
35 / Neutrons
8
18
45 / Electrons
8
17
35

Identify the chemical symbols of the compounds below:

Example – CO2 Carbon (1 atoms) and Oxygen (2 atoms)

C6H12O6 ______( ) and ______( )and ______( )

H2 0 ______( ) and ______( )

  • Physical and Chemical

Digestive

  • Physical Changes– Grinding, Biting, Tearing, Swallowing, Peristalsis, Churning, Absorption, Emulsification, Filtration, and Elimination.
  • Chemical Changes – Enzymes (salvia gland in mouth breaking starches/ carbohydrates (like breads/potatoes) –into sugars), Acids/Enzymes breaking proteins (like meats) into amino acids) also large fats/lipid (butter/oils etc. ) to smaller fats

Also:

Physical Changes- Observed characteristics that changes the chemical composition

of the substance. Examples:

Solid to liquid to gas (states of matter)

Chopping/Breaking wood

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation,

Boiling, melting, freezing, etc.

Chemical Changes – results in a change in the substance’s chemical composition.

Examples – Wood burning,

Rusty nail(oxidation)

Tarnish silver

Plants changing leave colors

Precipitates given off in reactions

Bubbling in a test tube reaction

Food cooking/baking

Gas or Energy coming off of chemical reactions – (vinegar to baking soda)

Fireworks/explosions

Oxidation