Test # 3: combined testing

Test objective: determine the efficiency of the system in reduction of turbidity and TSS. Determine the amount fluoride removed.

Identification of test method:

  • Testing Fluoride concentration: Method 10225 – USEPA1 SPADNS 22. Using Fluoride DR 2000 spectrometer
  • Testing turbidity level: Method 8006 – Photometric Method.Using DR2700 spectrophotometer at room temperature.
  1. Specification:

a)Concentration of Fluoride

b)Amount of bone-char

c)Turbidity level

d)Amount of solid suspended removed

  1. Major goal:

Reduction of fluoride concentration

Reduction of turbidity

  1. Safety:
  • Use gloves and proper hardware to transfer sodium Fluoride and other chemicals.
  • Analysts should follow the lab rule while performing testing
  1. Equipment:

a)BWM pre-filter device

b)Sodium Fluoride

c)Bone-char

d)Bentoine clay

e)100 ml flasks

f)Pipette

g)PR 2000 spectrometer

h)SPADNS 2 reagent

  1. Sample preparation:

Fill out data sheet with test date and time

Make sure the BWM pre-filter is clean and dry and the filter mesh has been cleaned.

Fill the bucket with test water (Genesee river water)

Maintain at room temperature

Adding Sodium Fluoride as the following amount

8 mg F/L = 17.67 mg Sodium Fluoride

12 mg F/L = 26.51 mg Sodium Fluoride

15 mg F/L = 33.14 mg Sodium Fluoride

20 mg F/L = 44.19 mg Sodium Fluoride

Record the initial sodium fluoride mass and initial fluoride concentration in data sheet

Add Bentoine clay powder and stir gently to dissolve BC powder.

Record the amount of BC powder

The initial condition of testing sample should meet the following parameter

Water source: Genesse river
Fluoride conc. (mg/L) / turbidity level (NTU)
8 / 25
8 / 100
15 / 25
15 / 100
20 / 25
20 / 100
  1. Testing procedure:

a)Obtain a full bucket of river water (5 gallons). Mix water with sodium fluoride and BT powder. Gently stir. Obtain 3 small amounts (10 ml)

b)Pippet 5 ml of SPADNS 2 reagent, 1 ml of sample, and 19 ml of de-ionized (DI) water. Using PR 2000 spectrometer to measure fluoride concentration of 3 samples.

c)Calculate the mean fluoride concentration. Record fluoride concentration in data test sheet. Take average fluoride concentration

d)Using PR 2700 spectrometer to measure the turbidity level of 3 samples. Take average turbidity level. Record turbidity level in data test sheet. Calculate the average turbidity level

e)Obtain 3 small volume (10ml) of river water and put them in 3 separate aluminum cupcakes. Measure the weight of cupcakes before pour water into it. Record the weight of cupcake in data test sheet. Put the aluminum cupcake in oven and heat them up. Measure the weight of each cupcake when it’s dried off

f)Subtract the new value with original weight of aluminum cupcake to obtain the amount of solid suspended removed. Calculate the average mass of solid suspended removed. Record the average mass value.

g)Add an amount of bone-char in bucket. Record the amount of bone-char.

h)Keep the sample for 1 day in safe area.

i)Press the press-filter

j)Take an amount of filtered water (upper layer). Take 3 samples of filtered water (10 ml)

k)Repeat step b through step f to obtain new values

l)Use new set of average values and old set of average value to calculate the percent reduction in turbidity, fluoride concentration and amount of solid suspended removed.

Note:

a)Testing procedure might be changed upon the testing result and the amount of tested water.

b)Water sample will have various level of Fluoride concentration and turbidity

c)Time for testing will be different with each testing procedure

  1. Reference
  • Fluoride testing method: Fluoride Test Kit Method: Thermo Orion Method AC2009. Revision 5, 4/24/2002. Author: Thermo Fisher Scientific
  • Fluoride: Method 10225 – USEPA1 SPANS 22. For water, wastewater, seawater. Hach company
  • Turbidity testing method: STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE, SOP Description Turbidity ByNephelometry. Document Name Turbidity, Revision #3a.MWC_SOP_TURB_rev3a.doc.Method: SM 18-20 2130B. ELAP Code: 1165, Technology: Color
  • Suspended solids testing method: STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE, SOP Description: Total Suspended Solids. Document Name TSS & TVSS, Revision #3b,MWC_SOP_TSS_TVSS_rev3b.doc, Method: SM 18-20 2540D, ELAP Code: 9065. Technology: Gray
  • Suspended Solids: Method 8066 – Photometric method. For water and waste-water. Hach company