Bio105 Chapter 5: Cancer / DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, & Meiosis, pp 109-139
1 alleles;2 anaphase;3 anchorage dependence;4 angiogenesis; 5 antioxidants;6 asexual reproduction;
7 autosomes;8 benign;9 biopsy;10 cancer;11capillaries;12 carcinogens;13 cell cycle;14 cell division;
15 cell plate;16 cellulose;17 cell wall;18 centrioles;19 centromeres;20checkpoints;21 chemotherapy;
22 chromosomes;23 circulatory system;24 complementary base pairs;25 contact inhibition;26 crossing over;
27 cytokinesis; 28diploid;29 DNA polymerase;30 DNA replication;…
1different versions of the same gene
2 mitosis’ 3rd phase: sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles as the centromeres split
3 process by which cells require contact with an underlayer of cells in order to grow
4creation or rerouting of new blood vessels, elicited often by cancerous cells
5 certain vitamins & other substances that protect from free radicals’ damaging effects
6 production of exact copies of cellular organisms not requiring genetic input form 2 parents
7 nonsex chromosomes
8 tumor that is not cancerous
9 surgical removal of cells, tissue, or fluid that will be analyzed to determine if it’s cancerous
10disease in which a single cell replicates although it should not
11 smallest blood vessels connecting arteries to veins and allowing exchange of materials across their walls
12 substances which are correlated to an increased risk of cancer
13 life cycle of the cell, composed of interphase and mitosis/meiosis
14process in which a cell makes copies of itself
15 double layer of new cell membrane appearing in the middle of dividing plant cells to separate their cytoplasm
16 fibrous plant carbohydrate essential to building cell wall and the cell plate
17 inflexible structure surrounding the plant cells’ plasma membrane
18 structures located next to the nucleus that migrate to cellular poles and form microtubules in animal cells
19 region near the middle of replicated chromosomes that attaches the sister chromosomes to each other
20 specific points in the cell cycle in which cells stop processes to check conditions for favorable division
21use of injected chemicals to selectively kill dividing cells in cancer treatments
22 structures of DNA wrapped around histone proteins
23 blood vessels that transport the blood and the heart which pumps blood
24 nucleotides that bind with each other exclusively; adenine to thymine & cytosine to guanine
25property of normal cells that prevents them from dividing when they encounter the boundary of other cells
26gene for gene exchange between members of homologous pairs of chromosomes
27 “cellular movement”, or the separation of cytosol into 2 newly formed daughter cells
28cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes (2 n)
29enzyme that helps bind incoming nucleotides to complementary bases in the synthesis of the “daughter strand”
30process by which the double-stranded DNA is copied in a semi-conservative manner
31free radicals;32 gene 33 growth factors; 34 haploid;35 homologous pairs;36 immortal;37 interphase;
38 karyotype;39 laparoscope;40 linked genes;41 lymphatic system;42 lymph nodes;43 malignant;
44 metaphase;45 metastasis;46 microtubules;47 mitosis; 48 monosomy;49 multiple-hit model;50 mutation;
51 nondisjunction;52 nuclear envelope;53 oncogenes;54 prophase;55 proto-oncogenes;56 radiation therapy;
57 random alignment;58 receptor;59 remission ;60 risk factors;61 sex chromosomes;62 sexual reproduction…
31 chemicals that remove electrons from other molecules due to their own unshared electrons
32 DNA carrying instructions for building all the proteins that cells require
33 proteins that stimulate cells to divide
34 cell containing only 1 member of each homologous pair of chromosomes (1 n)
35 pairs of nonsex chromosomes carrying the same genes (but ? different versions) aligned along their lengths
36 cells that to not obey normal life-span limits (They won’t die as normal cells do.)
37 a phase of the cell cycle in which the cell performs its typical functions & production of necessary proteins
38 highly magnified photograph of chromosome arranged in pairs
39 surgical instrument equipped with a small light & scalpel-like device used in biopsies
40 genes on the same chromosome that often move together to a gamete
41system of vessels and nodes that returns fluid and protein to the blood
42 structures that filter the lost fluids, or lymph
43 tumor that is cancerous, whether it is invasive or metastatic
44 mitosis’ 2nd phase: replicated chromosome align across the cell’s middle single file via kinetochore fibers
45 process by which malignant tumor cells break away and start new cancers at distant locations
46 protein structures radiating from centrosomes to form part of the mitotic spindle
47 movement of chromosome into new cells
48 absence of 1 chromosome, resulting from nondisjunction
49 process of cancer development implying a requirement for multiple mutations for caner to develop & progress
50 a change in the sequence of DNA
51failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
52membrane surrounding the nucleus
53 genes that are capable of causing cancer
54 mitosis’ 1st step: replicated chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope dissolves & centrioles move to poles
55 genes encoding proteins that regulate normal cell cycle processes
56use of high-energy particles to injure or destroy cells by damaging their DNA in cancer treatments
57 the undetermined alignment of homologues with respect to ma or pa origin during metaphase I
58protein that binds to growth factors or other cell signaling molecules to elicit a prescribed response
59period in which cancer patients no longer suffer the negative impacts of cancer
60 certain exposures and behaviors that increase a person’s risk of obtaining a disease
61 gender-causing chromosomes; X and Y
62 duplication of organism requiring genetic information from 2 parents
63 sister chromatids;64 somatic cells; 65 telomerase;66 telophase; 67 trisomy; 68 tumor; 69 tumor suppressors
63 copied chromosomes, each only 1 copy of the DNA
64 non-gamete cells of the body
65 enzyme that helps prevent the degradation of chromosomes
66 mitosis’ 4th phase: nuclear envelopes reform around newly produced daughter nuclei
67 presence of an extra chromosome, resulting from nondisjunction
68 unregulated cell division leading to a pileup of cells that form a lump
69 class of genes carrying instructions for producing proteins that suppress or stop cell division in unfavorable
conditions
Words that got left out of the word bank but are still important to know:
70 meiosis = form of cell division occurring only in specialized cells within the sex organs
71 gonads = sex organs
72 gametes = sex cells (egg/ovum or sperm)
73 zygote = fertilized cell (union of sperm & egg cells) containing 2 sets of chromosomes