1
Appendix I:
Table 1: Mean hit and false alarm rates in Experiment 1.
Hits / False alarms800 / 1500 / 2500 / 800 / 1500 / 2500
Shape / Load 2 / Single / 95 / 94 / 97 / 6 / 9 / 5
Either / 99 / 96 / 97 / 7 / 6 / 8
Load 4 / Single / 82 / 89 / 88 / 18 / 21 / 10
Either / 89 / 89 / 94 / 30 / 22 / 11
Scene / Load 2 / Single / 91 / 93 / 95 / 11 / 9 / 5
Either / 95 / 92 / 99 / 3 / 3 / 5
Load 4 / Single / 64 / 75 / 83 / 31 / 27 / 13
Either / 74 / 84 / 88 / 19 / 21 / 9
Table 2: Univariate inferential statistics for Experiment 1, presented separately for hits and false alarms.
Variable / Hits / False alarmsMSE / F / ηp2 / MSE / F / ηp2
Encoding (E) / 189.89 / 5.26b / 0.242** / 272.77 / 5.58b / 0.253**
Dimension (D) / 47.26 / 58.69 a / 0.640*** / 55.88 / 0.02a / 0.001
Load (L) / 57.86 / 182.48 a / 0.847*** / 68.02 / 175.89a / 0.842***
Condition (C) / 42.06 / 29.14 a / 0.469*** / 68.70 / 3.33a / 0.092
E x D / 47.26 / 6.79 b / 0.292** / 55.88 / 0.11b / 0.007
E x L / 57.86 / 10.24 b / 0.383*** / 68.02 / 17.11b / 0.509***
E x C / 42.06 / 1.86 b / 0.101 / 68.70 / 0.76b / 0.044
D x L / 26.92 / 39.91 a / 0.547*** / 30.33 / 3.76a / 0.102
D x C / 58.02 / 1.24 a / 0.036 / 36.13 / 36.79a / 0.527***
L x C / 38.14 / 6.58 a / 0.166* / 51.77 / 0.59a / 0.018
D x L x E / 26.92 / 2.73 b / 0.142 / 30.33 / 0.82b / 0.047
D x C x E / 58.02 / 0.18 b / 0.011 / 36.13 / 7.98b / 0.326***
L x C x E / 38.14 / 0.19 b / 0.011 / 51.77 / 0.96b / 0.055
D x L x C / 28.94 / 2.07 a / 0.059 / 60.40 / 3.07a / 0.085
D x L x C x E / 28.94 / 4.06 b / 0.198* / 60.40 / 1.07b / 0.061
adf= (1,33) bdf= (2,33)
*p0.05 **p0.01 ***p0.001
E: Encoding. D: Dimension. L: Load. C: Condition.
Table 3:
Mean hit and false alarm rates in Experiment 2a.
Hits / False alarms800 / 1500 / 2500 / 800 / 1500 / 2500
Shape / Load 1 / Single / 98 / 98 / 98 / 3 / 2 / 1
Either / 98 / 98 / 98 / 3 / 6 / 0.60
Load 2 / Single / 97 / 96 / 95 / 9 / 5 / 6
Either / 82 / 92 / 94 / 23 / 16 / 8
Scene / Load 1 / Single / 98 / 96 / 96 / 3 / 3 / 3
Either / 96 / 94 / 98 / 8 / 6 / 1
Load 2 / Single / 95 / 93 / 96 / 15 / 6 / 4
Either / 76 / 87 / 88 / 25 / 15 / 8
Table 4:
Mean hits and false alarms rates in Experiment 2b.
Hits / False alarms1500 / 2500 / 1500 / 2500
Shape / Load 1 / Single / 99 / 99 / 2 / 0.40
Either / 99 / 98 / 1 / 1
Load 2 / Single / 97 / 97 / 2 / 5
Either / 87 / 88 / 13 / 14
Scene / Load 1 / Single / 99 / 97 / 2 / 2
Either / 91 / 95 / 4 / 4
Load 2 / Single / 93 / 95 / 7 / 6
Either / 86 / 85 / 17 / 17
Table 5:
Univariate inferential statistics for Experiments 2a and 2b, presented separately for hits and false alarms.
Variable / Hits / False alarmsMSE / F / ηp2 / MSE / F / ηp2
Experiment 2A / Encoding (E) / 80.19 / 1.40b / 0.078 / 128.97 / 4.63b / 0.219*
Dimension (D) / 53.82 / 8.21a / 0.199** / 49.32 / 2.14a / 0.061
Load (L) / 50.58 / 55.19 a / 0.626*** / 69.07 / 72.66a / 0.688***
Condition (C) / 27.09 / 57.56 a / 0.636*** / 61.31 / 29.57a / 0.473***
E x D / 53.82 / 0.41 b / 0.024 / 49.32 / 1.34b / 0.075
E x L / 50.58 / 5.45 b / 0.248** / 69.07 / 7.23b / 0.305**
E x C / 27.09 / 13.72 b / 0.454*** / 61.31 / 5.59b / 0.253**
D x L / 51.29 / 1.52 a / 0.044 / 46.97 / 0a / 0
D x C / 40.04 / 3.13 a / 0.087 / 39.18 / 0.01a / 0
L x C / 26.31 / 53.49 a / 0.618*** / 60.38 / 11.95a / 0.266**
D x L x E / 51.29 / 0.08 b / 0.005 / 46.97 / 0.46b / 0.027
D x C x E / 40.04 / 0.06 b / 0.003 / 39.18 / 0.03b / 0.002
L x C x E / 26.31 / 9.99 b / 0.377*** / 60.38 / 0.66b / 0.039
D x L x C / 43.28 / 1.97 a / 0.056 / 20.09 / 1.07a / 0.032
D x L x C x E / 43.28 / 0.88b / 0.051 / 20.09 / 1.81b / 0.099
Experiment 2B / Encoding (E) / 129.76 / 0.03c / 0.002 / 103.59 / 0.005c / 0
Dimension (D) / 114.47 / 3.33c / 0.131 / 61.99 / 4.84c / 0.180*
Load (L) / 75.43 / 25.36c / 0.535*** / 57.29 / 52.09c / 0.703***
Condition (C) / 75.76 / 21.07c / 0.489*** / 40.57 / 39.91c / 0.645***
E x D / 114.47 / 0.06c / 0.003 / 61.99 / 0.02c / 0.001
E x L / 75.43 / 0.002c / 0 / 57.29 / 0.24c / 0.011
E x C / 75.76 / 0.094c / 0.004 / 40.57 / 0.04c / 0.002
D x L / 71.37 / 0.18c / 0.008 / 40.38 / 0.57c / 0.025
D x C / 85.66 / 0.55c / 0.024 / 54.21 / 0.42c / 0.019
L x C / 60.71 / 7.62c / 0.257* / 39.62 / 26.51c / 0.546***
D x L x E / 71.37 / 0.32c / 0.014 / 40.38 / 0.44c / 0.020
D x C x E / 85.66 / 0.05c / 0.002 / 54.21 / 0.008c / 0
L x C x E / 60.71 / 0.40c / 0.018 / 39.62 / 0.08c / 0.003
D x L x C / 61.40 / 0.98c / 0.043 / 33.86 / 0.12c / 0.005
D x L x C x E / 61.40 / 1.31c / 0.056 / 33.86 / 0.42c / 0.019
adf= (1,33) bdf= (2,33) cdf= (1,22)
*p0.05 **p0.01 ***p0.001
E: Encoding. D: Dimension. L: Load. C: Condition.
Table 6:
Hits / False alarms800 / 1500 / 2500 / 800 / 1500 / 2500
Color / Load 2 / Single / 100 / 99 / 99 / 3 / 3 / 3
Either / 96 / 96 / 99 / 10 / 8 / 4
Load 3 / Single / 96 / 99 / 97 / 6 / 6 / 2
Either / 97 / 94 / 90 / 13 / 14 / 18
Load 4 / Single / 95 / 90 / 99 / 9 / 10 / 8
Either / 92 / 88 / 90 / 25 / 19 / 22
Object / Load 2 / Single / 90 / 92 / 97 / 14 / 13 / 8
Either / 83 / 83 / 88 / 22 / 13 / 22
Load 3 / Single / 72 / 81 / 87 / 19 / 15 / 12
Either / 64 / 74 / 69 / 21 / 24 / 15
Load 4 / Single / 55 / 68 / 81 / 23 / 27 / 18
Either / 46 / 60 / 68 / 25 / 17 / 36
Conjunction / Load 2 / 77 / 71 / 85 / 11 / 9 / 7
Load 3 / 65 / 69 / 67 / 25 / 28 / 22
Load 4 / 69 / 62 / 65 / 35 / 43 / 26
Mean hit and false alarm rates in Experiment 3.
Table7:
Mean of hit and false alarm rates in Experiment 4.
Hits / False alarms800 / 1500 / 2500 / 800 / 1500 / 2500
Color / Load 2 / Single / 97 / 99 / 99 / 2 / 4 / 6
Either / 92 / 94 / 94 / 1 / 3 / 6
Load 3 / Single / 95 / 98 / 100 / 7 / 5 / 13
Either / 94 / 92 / 93 / 8 / 15 / 17
Load 3 / Single / 97 / 94 / 96 / 11 / 8 / 17
Either / 88 / 93 / 89 / 19 / 19 / 22
Object / Load 2 / Single / 85 / 92 / 94 / 9 / 3 / 12
Either / 82 / 83 / 92 / 17 / 24 / 14
Load 3 / Single / 78 / 83 / 88 / 15 / 10 / 11
Either / 71 / 72 / 75 / 33 / 19 / 14
Load 4 / Single / 69 / 67 / 72 / 19 / 9 / 16
Either / 58 / 49 / 63 / 31 / 18 / 22
Conjunction / Load 2 / 88 / 85 / 90 / 7 / 5 / 8
Load 3 / 75 / 84 / 74 / 21 / 19 / 21
Load 4 / 66 / 76 / 67 / 30 / 34 / 32
Table8:
Univariate inferential statistics for Experiments 3 and 4, presented separately for hits and false alarms.
Variable / Hits / False alarmsMSE / F / ηp2 / MSE / F / ηp2
Experiment 3 / Encoding (E) / 146.15 / 1.97a / 0.107 / 116.24 / 0.53a / 0.031
Load (L) / 128.40 / 80.51b / 0.709*** / 176.19 / 42.41b / 0.562***
Condition (C) / 257.02 / 67.20d / 0.671*** / 214.48 / 23.74d / 0.418***
E x L / 128.40 / 3.03c / 0.155* / 176.19 / 0.40c / 0.023
E x C / 257.02 / 2.28e / 0.121* / 214.48 / 1.61e / 0.089
L x C / 148.73 / 6.73f / 0.169*** / 172.94 / 3.63f / 0.099***
L x C x E / 148.73 / 1.32g / 0.074 / 172.94 / 1.40g / 0.078
ShS vs. ShE / 505.18h / 20.53h / 0.384*** / 278.63 / 10.36h / 0.239**
ShS vs. CoS / 306.41h / 97.91h / 0.748*** / 250.16 / 51.10h / 0.608***
ShS vs. Conj / 660.63h / 18.00h / 0.353*** / 464.36 / 9.54h / 0.224**
Experiment 4 / Encoding (E) / 64.16 / 1.69a / 0.093 / 214.31 / 0.27a / 0.016
Load (L) / 119.52 / 84.07b / 0.718*** / 175.92 / 40.87b / 0.553***
Condition (C) / 217.80 / 54.20d / 0.622*** / 208.84 / 16.14d / 0.328***
E x L / 119.52 / 0.60c / 0.035 / 175.92 / 0.67c / 0.039
E x C / 217.80 / 1.18e / 0.067 / 208.84 / 2.12e / 0.114*
L x C / 132.12 / 9.03f / 0.215*** / 144.89 / 4.54f / 0.121***
L x C x E / 132.12 / 0.97g / 0.055 / 144.89 / 1.03g / 0.059
ShS vs. ShE / 452.01 / 20.61h / 0.384*** / 468.60 / 22.19h / 0.402***
ShS vs. CoS / 202.89 / 142.55h / 0.812*** / 188.15 / 5.96h / 0.153*
ShS vs. Conj / 364.58 / 1.95h / 0.056 / 436.15 / 16.32h / 0.331***
adf= (2,33) bdf= (2,66) cdf= (4,66) ddf= (4,132) edf= (8,132) fdf= (8,264) gdf= (16,264)
hdf= (1,33)
*p0.05 **p0.01 ***p0.001
E: Encoding. D: Dimension. L: Load. C: Condition.
ShS: Shape single. ShE: Shape either. CoS: Color single. Conj: Conjunction.
Post-hoc tests:
Experiment 3: Additional post-hoc tests on hit rates using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons revealed a non-significant difference between the color single and color either conditions (p=0.17), and a significant difference between the shape either and the color either conditions (p0.0001). Post-hoc tests on false alarmrates demonstrated a significant difference between the color single and color either conditions (p0.0001) and a marginally significant difference between the shape either and the color either conditions (p=0.053).
Experiment 4: Conducting additional post-hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons on the hit rates showed a significant difference between the color single and color either conditions (p0.05), and a significant difference between the shape either and the color either conditions (p0.0001). For the false alarms, the difference between the color single and color either conditions was not significant (p=0.229), whereas thedifference between the shape either and the color either conditions was significant (p0.01).