Bio 1010 Introduction to Biology I Spring 2012 Section Two Exam (Watch for negative words like “not.”)
1.The energy stored within chemical bonds or by concentration gradients across a membrane is called:
A.Potential energy
B.Atomic energy
C.Kinetic energy
D.Physic energy
2.Energy being used to do work, e.g. heat, light, sound, or motion, is called:
A.Potential energy
B.Atomic energy
C.Kinetic energy
D.Physic energy
3.Which of the following statements is an assertion of the laws of thermodynamics?
A.Energy can be createdand destroyed all sorts of ways beyond relativity’s E=mc2 manner
B.Energy can be converted from one form to another
C.Increasing entropy requires the input of energy
D.Energy conversions are 100% effecient
4.Living organisms can remain organized and even increase in complexity:
A.By using energy from the sun or from hydrothermal vent gases such as hydrogen sulfide
B.By violating the laws of thermodynamics
C.Because they have intelligence
D.By increasing in entropy
5.An exergonic reaction:
A.Builds complex molecules
B.Is typical of photosynthesis
C.Requires energy to proceed
D.Releases energy as it proceeds
6.In the oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions of cellular life, when one of molecules involved is oxidized:
A.That molecule loses electrons, which releases energy
B.That molecule gains electrons, which requires energy
C.It increases the amount of oxygen in the cell
D.The other molecule is oxidized as well
7.The universal temporary chemical energy storage molecule (like gasoline for us) for all of cellular life is:
A.NADH
B.ADP
C.STP
D.ATP
8.Enzymes:
A.Are generalists, capable of doing lots of different jobs
B.Work by raising the “activation energy” of a reaction
C.Become consumed in reactions they enter
D.Are a type of biological catalyst
9.Which of the following statements is not true regarding the active site of an enzyme?
A.It is a physical location hidden deep inside an enzyme, inaccessible to solutions
B.It can often accept molecules (analogs) that mimic its usual substrate
C.It sometimes requires the use of a cofactor to bind its substrate
D.It mandates the specificity of an enzymatic reaction
10.If an enzymatic reaction accelerates due to an accumulation of its products, this is known as:
A.Positive feedback
B.Negative feedback
C.Competitive inhibition
D.Noncompetitive inhibition
11.Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs:
A.When a substance other than the usual substrate binds to a site away from the active site of an enzyme
B.When a substance other than the usual substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme
C.When one pacesetter enzyme sets the limiting rate for the entire pathway
D.When enzymes no longer want to compete
12.Noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes occurs:
A.When a substance other than the usual substrate binds to a site away from the active site of an enzyme
B.When a substance other than the usual substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme
C.When one pacesetter enzyme sets the limiting rate for the entire pathway
D.When enzymes no longer want to compete
13.Phytoplankton in the Earth’s surface waters produce about what percentage of our atmospheric oxygen?
A.90%
B.75%
C.50%
D.25%
14.Organisms that make their own organic compounds from inorganic substances are called:
A.Heteromorphs
B.Heterotrophs
C.Automorphs
D.Autotrophs
15.The process that plants use to convert solar energy into glucose is:
A.Photosynthesis
B.Chemosynthesis
C.Aerobic respiration
D.Anaerobic respiration
16.The reactants (what goes in),and the products (what comes out) of photosynthesisrespectively are:
A.Water and carbon dioxide,glucose and oxygen
B.Glucose and oxygen, water and carbon dioxide
C.NADPH and ATP, chlorophyll
D.Chlorophyll, NADPH and ATP
17.Which statement is not true concerning photosynthesis?
A.It only occurs in plants
B.It is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction
C.It is dependent on various pigment molecules
D.Electrons are moved from water to carbon dioxide
18.Which statement is not true concerning the electromagnetic spectrum?
A.It consists of discrete packets of energy called photons
B.It is the range of all possible frequencies of radiation
C.Longer wavelength photons contain more energy
D.Visible light is perceived by humans
19.Plant photosynthetic pigments of the photosystems occur on which of the following surfaces?
A.They are loose in the chloroplast stroma (goo)
B.Chloroplast thylakoid (disk) membranes
C.Outer chloroplast membranes
D.They are loose in the cell
20.Plant leaves appear green because:
A.Most of the wavelengths of green light are absorbed by chlorophyll
B.Most of the wavelengths of red light are absorbed by carotenoids
C.Most of the wavelengths of green light are reflected by chlorophyll
D.Most of the wavelengths of red light are reflected by carotenoids
21.The two stages of photosynthesis are:
A.The light-independent reactions and the carbon (Calvin cycle) reactions
B.The light reactions and the carbon (Calvin cycle) reactions
C.The Calvin cycle and the Hobbes reaction
E.The light reactions only
22.The energy sources needed for the light reactions and the carbon reactions respectively are:
A.Sunlight serves as the energy source for both sets of photosynthetic reactions
B.Sunlight and carbon dioxide
C.ATP and carbon dioxide
D.Sunlight and ATP
23.Photosystems are a part of which of the following pathways?
A.The carbon (Calvin cycle) reaction
B.Anaerobic respiration
C.Aerobic respiration
D.The light reactions
24.Photosystem II (which happens first) produces:
A.Oxygen and ATP
B.Carbon dioxide
C.Glucose
D.NADPH
25.Photosystem I (which happens second) produces:
A.Oxygen and ATP
B.Carbon dioxide
C.Glucose
D.NADPH
26.Which statement is not true regarding the electron transport chain (ETC) in photosynthesis?
A.It provides energy to pump protons (H+) that form chemiosmotic gradients across thylakoid membranes
B.It is completely different, with a totally different purpose, than the one in aerobic respiration
C.It provides protons for ATP synthase to do its phosphorylation job
D.It reduces NADP+ to NADPH
27.Which statement is not true concerning the Calvin cycle (also called the carbon reactions)?
A.It uses the enzyme rubisco (RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase)
B.It fixes carbon molecules from CO2 into glucose
C.It requires NADPH and ATP
D.It requires light
28.The necessary enzymes of the Calvin cycle (also called thecarbon reaction) in plants are located where?
A.They are loose in the chloroplast stroma (goo)
B.In chloroplast thylakoid (disk) membranes
C.In outer chloroplast membranes
D.They are loose in the cell
29.The Calvin cycle (also called the carbon reaction) will continue as long as there is enough:
A.Oxygen and water
B.NADPH and ATP
C.Sunlight and water
D.Chlorophyll
30.TheCalvin cycle (also called thecarbon reaction) is the C3 pathway. What is not true about C3 plants?
A.Most plants (around 95%) are C3 only, versus C4 or CAM (crassulacean acidmetabolism)
B.C3 plants spatially or temporally separate the light reactions from the Calvin cycle
C.Rubisco catalyzes a competing reaction using oxygen that generates CO2
D.C3 plants loose efficiency due to a process called photorespiration
31.Aerobic cellular respiration is a metabolic process used by much of cellular life:
A.To oxidize glucose by reducing oxygen, to produce carbon dioxide, water, and chemical energy
B.To reduce glucose by oxidizing oxygen, to produce carbon dioxide, water, and chemical energy
C.That occurs instantaneously, all at once, within the cell
D.That requires the absence of oxygen
32.The three main biochemical (metabolic) pathways of aerobic cellular respiration are:
A.Light reactions, Calvin cycle (also called the carbon reaction), and the electron transport chain
B.Kreb's cycle, Calvin cycle (also called the carbon reaction), and the electron transport chain
C.Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport chain
D.Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and fermentation
33.In all forms of cellular life glycolysis occurs in the:
A.Ribosome
B.Cytoplasm
C.Chloroplast
D.Mitochondrion
34.During glycolysis molecules of glucose are:
A.Put together to form molecules of an intermediate named pyruvate, using ATP in the process
B.Broken down into molecules of an intermediate named pyruvate, using ATP in the process
C.Put together to form molecules of an intermediate named pyruvate, gaining ATP in the process
D.Broken down into molecules of an intermediate named pyruvate, gaining ATP in the process
35.Glycolysis does not require:
A.Enzymes
B.Glucose
C.Oxygen
D.NAD+
36.The electrons that are transferred during aerobic cellular respiration are carried by the molecules:
A.glucose and pyruvate
B.NADH and FADH2
C.ATP and ADP
D.H2O and CO2
37.Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs when:
A.A "donor" molecule physically transfers a phosphate group to ADP, with the aid of an enzyme
B.A "donor" molecule physically transfers a phosphate group to ATP, with the aid of an enzyme
C.A "donor" molecule physically transfers a phosphate group to ADP, without the aid of an enzyme
D.A "donor" molecule physically transfers a phosphate group to ATP, without the aid of an enzyme
38.Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters the Kreb’s cycle; where does this happen?
A.It happens in the mitochondria, in Bacteria and Archaea
B.It happens in the cytoplasm, in all forms of life
C.It happens in the mitochondria, in Eukaryotes
D.It happens in the chloroplast in plants
39.Cyclic metabolic pathways, like the Kreb’s and Calvin cycles, always begin and end with:
A.The same molecule
B.Different molecules
C.NADH and FADH2
D.ATP and CO2
40.In Bacteria and Archaea that use an electron transport chain, where are the key proteins physically located?
A.In the inner mitochondrial membrane
B.In the outer mitochondrial membrane
C.In the main cellular membrane
D.Loose in the cytoplasm
41.In Eukaryotes that use an electron transport chain, where are the key proteins physically located?
A.In the inner mitochondrial membrane
B.In the outer mitochondrial membrane
C.In the main cellular membrane
D.Loose in the cytoplasm
42.The electron transport chain of cellular respiration produces a chemiosmotic gradient of:
A.Sodium and potassium ions
B.Oxygen molecules
C.NADH molecules
D.Protons (H+)
43.The enzyme that uses this chemiosmotic gradient to phosphorylate ADP in the electron transport chain is:
A.Glucose Synthase
B.FADH2 Synthase
C.NADH Synthase
D.ATP Synthase
44.Of the various metabolic pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, which produces the most chemical energy?
A.Glycolysis
B.Krebs cycle
C.Fermentation
D.Electron transport chain
45.The final "spent" electrons from electron transport in aerobic cellular respiration are transferred to acceptor:
A.Carbon dioxide
B.Hydrogen
C.Oxygen
D.Water
46.Anaerobic cellular respiration differs from aerobic cellular respiration, because in anaerobic respiration:
A.A nitrate or sulfate compound is thefinal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
B.Lactic acid is thefinal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
C.Oxygen is thefinal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
D.Alcoholis thefinal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
47.The sole source of chemical energy in cells only using fermentation is:
A.The electron transport chain
B.Photosynthesis
C.Krebs cycle
D.Glycolysis
49.Alcoholic fermentation:
A.Produces far more chemical energy than aerobic cellular respiration
B.Is used by certain Bacteria to make yogurt and cheeses
C.Is used by certain yeasts to make bread
D.Produces oxygen
50.Which of the following metabolic pathways does not generate ATP?
A.Glycolysis
B.Krebs cycle
C.Electron transport chain
D.Carbon reaction (Calvin cycle)
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