Evaluation of Water Services System Through LCA. a Case Study for Iasi City, Romania

electronic supplementary material

Water use in LCA

Evaluation of water services system through LCA. A case study for Iasi City, Romania

George Barjoveanu • Iulia Maria Comandaru • Gonzalo Rodriguez-García • Almudena Hospido • Carmen Teodosiu

Received: 20 July 2013 / Accepted: 17 July 2013

Responsible editor: Rainer Zah

G. Barjoveanu • I. M. Comandaru • C. Teodosiu ()

"Gheorghe Asachi"Technical University of Iasi,Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 73 Bd. D. Mangeron, 700050 Iasi, Romania

e-mail: ;

G. Rodriguez-García • A, Hospido

University of Santiago de Compostela, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lope Gomez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

() Corresponding author:

Carmen Teodosiu

Tel. 00 40 745312129

Fax. 00 40 232 271311

e-mail: ;

Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data

Table 1 LCI for the water abstraction system

Water abstraction
Parameters / Timisesti Source / Prut Source / Ecoinvent processes
Inputs from technosphere
Cast iron (kg) / 0.001307 / 0.0036 / Cast iron, at plant/RER
Steel (kg) / 0.001307 / 0.0103 / Steel, low-alloyed, at plant/RER
Concrete (kg) / 0.006476 / 0.0106 / Pre-cast concrete, min. reinf., prod. mix, concrete type C20/25, w/o consideration of casings RER
Electricity (kWh) / 0.017 / 0.208 / Electricity, low voltage, production RO, at grid/RO

Table 2 LCI for Verseni WTP

Parameters / Verseni WTP / Ecoinvent processes
Inputs from technosphere
Aluminium sulphate (g) / 97 / Aluminium sulphate, powder, at plant/RER
Electricity (kWh) / 0.008 / Electricity, low voltage, at grid/RO
Transport of chemicals (kg*km)
Aluminium sulphate / 39.04 / Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4/RER
Wastes to further treatment
Sludge (g d.m) / 7.59 / Disposal, municipal solid waste, 22.9% water, to sanitary landfill/CH

Table 3 LCI for Sabaoani Clorination Station

Parameters / Sabaoani Clorination Station / Ecoinvent processes
Inputs from technosphere
Chlorine (g) / 2.5 / Chlorine, liquid, production mix, at plant/RER
Transport of chemicals (kg*km)
Chlorine / 0.81 / Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4/RER

Table 4 LCI for Chirita WTP according to F.U - 1 m3 of potable water

Parameters / 2010 / Ecoinvent processes
Inputs from technosphere
Sodium chlorine (g) / 1.92 / Sodium chloride, powder, at plant/RER
Liquid Chlorine (g) / 2 / Chlorine, gaseous, mercury cell, at plant/RER
Iron chloride (g) / 26.70 / Iron (III) chloride, 40% in H2O, at plant/CH
Poly-electrolyte (g) / 0.004 (1) / Acrylonitrile from Sohio process, at plant/RER
Sand (g) / 0.65 / Sand, quartz, in ground
Electricity (kWh) / 0.09 / Electricity, low voltage, production RO, at grid/RO
Transport of chemicals (kg*km)
Sodium chlorine / 3.48 / Transport, lorry >16t, fleet average/RER
Liquid Chlorine / 0.8
Iron chloride / 48.37 / Transport, lorry >32t, EURO5/RER
Poly-electrolyte / 0.007
Sand / 1.17 / Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO5/RER
Fuels
Diesel (g) / 5.92 / Diesel, at regional storage/CH
Oil for engines (g) / 0.93 / Light fuel oil, at regional storage/CH
Gasoline (g) / 1.51 / Petrol, unleaded, at regional storage/RER
Natural gas (kJ) / 11 / Natural gas, high pressure, at consumer/HU
Outputs
Sludge (g) / 20 / Disposal, municipal solid waste, 22.9% water, to sanitary landfill/CH

(1) In 2010 the WTP was upgraded and polyelectrolyte was also use at the flocculation stage as adjuvant coagulant.

Table 5 LCI for the potable water distribution system

Parameters / Water distribution / Ecoinvent processes
Inputs from technosphere
Polyethylene (kg) / 0.0025 / Polyethylene, HDPE, granulate, at plant/RER
PVC (kg) / 0.005 / PVC pipe E
Cast iron (kg) / 0.0001 / Cast iron, at plant/RER
Concrete (kg) / 0.031 / Pre-cast concrete, min. reinf., prod. mix, concrete type C20/25, w/o consideration of casings RER
Steel (kg) / 0.04 / Steel, converter, unalloyed, at plant/RER
Diesel (kg) / 0.006 / Diesel, at regional storage/RER
Oil for engines (kg) / 0.00009 / Light fuel oil, at refinery/CH
Gasoline (kg) / 0.0015 / Petrol, unleaded, at refinery/RER
Electricity (kWh) / 0.169 (Timisesti source) / Electricity, low voltage, at grid/RO
0.181 (Prut source)

Table 6 LCI for Wastewater Collection System

Parameters / Wastewater Collection System / Ecoinvent processes
Inputs from technosphere
Ceramic (kg) / 0.0002 / Ceramic tiles, at regional storage/CH
PVC (kg) / 0.000004 / PVC pipe E
Cast iron (kg) / 0.0002 / Cast iron, at plant/RER
Concrete (kg) / 0.11 / Pre-cast concrete, min. reinf., prod. mix, concrete type C20/25, w/o consideration of casings RER
Steel (kg) / 0.0009 / Steel, converter, unalloyed, at plant/RER
Diesel (kg) / 0.004093 / Diesel, at regional storage/RER
Oil for engines (kg) / 0.000065 / Light fuel oil, at refinery/CH
Gasoline (kg) / 0.00104 / Petrol, unleaded, at refinery/RER
Electricity (kWh) / 0.036 / Electricity, low voltage, production RO, at grid/RO

Table 7 LCI – data reported for F.U 1m3 of treated wastewater

Parameters / Dancu WWTP / Ecoinvent process
Inputs from technosphere
Polyelectrolyte (g) / 1 / Acrylonitrile from Sohio process, at plant/RER
Transport of polyelectrolyte (kg*km) / 2.51 / Transport, lorry >32t, EURO5/RER
Electricity use (kWh) / 0.17 / Electricity, low voltage, production RO, at grid/RO
Natural gas consumption (kJ) / 21 / Natural gas, high pressure, at consumer/HU
Outputs
Effluent (g)
Discharge from the mechanical treatment
COD / 48.47 / COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand/river
NH4+ / 4.71 / Ammonium, ion/river
NO2- / 0.14 / Nitrite/river
N03- / 0.54 / Nitrate/river
Ptot / 0.67 / Ptot
Discharge from the biological treatment
COD / 33.31 / COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand/river
NH4+ / 0.34 / Ammonium, ion/river
NO2- / 0.49 / Nitrite/river
N03- / 29.72 / Nitrate/river
Ptot / 1.56 / Ptot
Emission to water (mg) (Sludge disposal)
Chromium / 0.001 / Chromium/ river
Copper / 0.002 / Copper/ river
Nickel / 0.004 / Nickel/ river
Lead / 0.001 / Lead/ river
Zinc / 0.079 / Zinc/river
Nitrogen / 149 / Nitrogen/ groundwater
Phosphorus / 3.6 / Phosphorus/ groundwater
Emissions to air (g) (Sludge disposal)
Chromium / 0.004 / Chromium
Copper / 0.0002 / Copper
Nickel / 0.001 / Nickel
Lead / 0.0003 / Lead
Zinc (mg) / 10 / Zinc
Nitrogen (mg) / 15 / Nitrogen
Emissions to air (g) (Biogas combustion)
CO2 / 0.12 / Carbon dioxide
Waste to further treatment
Sludge (g d.m) / 5.83 / The drying bed where the sludge is treated has been modeled as a sanitary landfill. Their emissions to water and air have been already quantified within the system but the amount of sludge produced is presented here just for reference
Wastes from grit removal (g) / 5.30 / Disposal, inert material, 0% water, to sanitary landfill/CH
Transport of wastes from grit removal (kg*km) / 265 / Transport, lorry >32t, EURO5/RER
Municipal wastes (g) / 9.49 / Disposal, municipal solid waste, 22.9% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U
Transport of municipal wastes (kg*km) / 475 / Transport, lorry >32t, EURO5/RER

Table 8 Untreated wastewater

Parameters / Untreated wastewater / Ecoinvent process
Effluent (g)
COD / 272 / COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand/groundwater
NH4+ / 19.77 / Ammonium, ion/ groundwater
NO2- / 0.56 / Nitrite/ groundwater
N03- / 0.74 / Nitrate/ groundwater

Fig. 1 Electricity contribution to the Iasi water services system