Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

Rise of the Turks

•  ______struggle to maintain control of the Muslim Empire

•  ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______

•  In 945 AD the ______march into ______and end the political rule (not religious rule) of the caliph

•  Before too long, the Persians fall also…

•  The ______fathom the ______for their ______skills, and over time begin buying Turkish kids for ______. Over time, these slaves make up a powerful force within the ______Empire

•  One group of Turks (______) converts to ______and in 1055 AD attacks the ______and reclaims ______

•  In 1071, the ______march on the ______and crush the Byzantines at the ______. This nearly brings them to conquering the capital in ______.

•  The ______gain support from the ______by choosing the ______city of ______as the ______capital and also by appointing them as ______officials

•  Turks adopt Persian ______, ______, ______, and ______

Seljuks Confront Crusaders and Mongols

•  The ______disintegrates into minor kingdoms when ______dies in 1092 without picking a successor

•  At the same time, the West launches attacks known as the ______against the ______Empire as a whole

Seljuks and Crusaders

•  ______launches the ______in 1095, calling for ______to drive the ______out of ______and recover ______

•  In 1099, the ______capture the city and massacre the Jews and Muslims living there and establish a ______for around 100 years

•  Eventually, the ______captain ______recovers ______in 1187. ______and ______sign a ______giving Jerusalem to the Muslims but granting Westerners access to their ______

•  Subsequent popes called for later Crusades, but each was less effective. About this time, however, the ______prove to be a threat from the east.

Seljuks Face the Mongols

•  In 1258 Genghis’ grandson ______leads troops to the outskirts of ______

•  When Hulagu took over Baghdad, he burned the caliphs palace and killed tens of thousands

•  b/c Mongol belief forbade “spilling sacred blood”, Hulagu has the last caliph ______

•  The Mongols form the ______; this caused organizational issues which would cause them to crumble in just a few generations

•  …after the ______fall, another group of ______rise to prominence à the ______