Chapter 23: Study Guide

Cardiovascular system:

  1. What is the function of the heart? Blood vessels?

Heart – pumps blood Blood vessels – Carry blood

  1. What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

atrium

  1. What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

ventricles

  1. What prevents the blood from flowing backwards?

Valves

  1. Name and describe the 3 types of blood vessels.

Arteries – Carry blood away from the heart

Veins – Carry blood to the heart

Capillaries – small blood vessels that allows exchange between blood

and cells

  1. What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

Pulmonary – circulates blood between your heart and lungs

Systemic – circulates blood between heart and body

  1. Name 4 cardiovascular problems.

Heart Attack Stroke Atherosclerosis Hypertension

  1. Describe IN DETAIL how blood is pumped through your body.

Oxygen poor blood comes to the heart from the body through veins.

The blood enters the right atrium. It then gets pumped through a valve

to the right ventricle. The blood then leaves the heart through an artery

and goes to the lungs. The blood is now oxygen rich. The blood returns

to the heart through a vein and enters the left atrium. It gets pumped

through a valve to the left ventricle and then an artery takes the blood to

the rest of the body.

Blood:

  1. Blood is a connective tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to the

body and waste from the tissues

  1. What are the four components of blood and what is the function of each?

Plasma – Water and nutrients

Platelets – stops blood loss

RBC’s – carry oxygen

WBC’s – fight pathogens

  1. What are the 4 types of blood?

A, B, AB, O

  1. What is the function of blood?

Carries oxygen, nutrients and waste; fights pathogens and

regulates body temp.

  1. What is special about blood type O? AB? Can a person with O be given type AB blood? Why or why not?

O can be given to anybody; AB can receive any blood.

A person with O cannot be given AB because their body will fight it.

Lymphatic System:

  1. Identify the two main functions of the lymphatic system.

Collects excess fluids and fights pathogens

  1. What is the purpose of the spleen? Tonsils?

Spleen – largest lymphatic organ; found in upper abdomen; makes

lymphocytes; Red blood cell recycling center

Tonsils – organ found in nasal cavity that fights infections

Respiratory System:

  1. In general, what is the function of the respiratory system?

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

  1. What is another name for the throat?

pharynx

  1. The part that contains the vocal cords is the ______Larynx______
  2. The passage way for the air to travel from the larynx to the lungs is the windpipe or ______trachea______
  3. The trachea then splits into two branches called the __bronchi______, and each one connects to a lung.
  4. The tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged are called the ______alveoli______.