Rotifers
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1. In nearly all of the organisms in this chapter, the digestive system is ______.
2. Rotifers get their name from:______
3. Rotifer bodies are made up of 3 parts - ______, ______and ______
4. Rotifer males can be produced ______, meaning from an unfertilized egg
Nematodes
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5. Some scientists estimate the number of nematode species to be ______
6. The outer surface is often covered with a non living cover called the ______.
7. Most nematodes are ______with the males being smaller. Fertilization is ______.
8. The nematode C. elegans was the first organism to have its genome completely decoded, and has had all of it’s cells mapped from zygote to adult.
Nematode parasites:
9. Ascaris is a common infection in ______. ______billion people in the world have ascaris. Females can produce ______eggs per day, which leave the body through the ______. The juveniles are generally picked up from ______and travel to the intestines, then the ______where they can cause pneumonia. They are coughed up and ______where they head back to the intestines. They can result in pain, ______and ______.
10. Hookworms are named for the hook on their ______end. They can cause ______as they take in more blood than they need. It can even retard ______. They are generally picked up from the ______and can burrow through the skin to the ______
11. Trichina worms burrow into the ______. After they travel to the muscle cells, they can cause ______of the host cells gene ______and make it become nurse cells, whose only job is to nourish the juveniles.
12. One species called Toxocara “hibernates” in the dog. When the female becomes pregnant, the juveniles wander and infect the embryos in the nucleus. This explains why many puppies are born with worms.
13. Pinworms are common in children (______%). Females travel to the ______to lay eggs, which are then scratched and contaminate ______. Diagnosed by the ______method.
14. Filarial worms live in the ______system where they block the return of lymph fluid and cause ______.This disease effects ______million people per year. This disease is spread by ______. Elephantiasis occurs when there is an excess growth of connective tissue and enormous swelling due to the trapped lymph fluid. This only occurs after repeated exposures to the disease.
15. Another type is onchocerciasis, which causes ______. This disease effects ______million people a year. It is spread by ______
16. A common filarial worm in the United States is the ______. It can infect up to ______% of dogs in some states.