Chemistry of Life- Carbon Compounds (Chapter 2-3)

Name:______

Period:______

Biochemistry:

Chemistry of Life- Carbon compounds (Chapter 2-3)

Vocabulary:

1. monomer-______

2. polymer-______

3. carbohydrate-______

4. monosaccharide-______

5. polysaccharide-______

6. lipid-______

7. nucleic acid-______

8. nucleotide-______

8. protein-______

10. amino acid-______

11. dehydration synthesis-______

12. enzyme-______

13. catalyst-______

* Chemistry Review

A. Molecular formula: (water)

B. Electron dot formula:

C. Structural formula:

D. Isomer: ______molecular formula; ______structural formula (arrangement).

E. ______bonding: ______electrons; forms a ______compound.

F. ______rule: stable electron structure; has ______electrons in ______most level.

I. ______chemistry- study of compounds that contain ______

A. Carbon

1. Has _____ electrons total (______valence electrons)

2. Forms ______bonds [usually with ______(H), ______(O), ______(N), ______(S), & ______(P)].

3. Carbon can bond to other carbon atoms

i. single bond:

ii. double bond:

iii. triple bond:

iv. chains; form ______

II. Macromolecules “______molecules”

A. ______- smaller units

B. ______- ______monomers put together

C. ______- the process of ______monomers to form ______

i. ______synthesis- the process of removing an ______& ______to join molecules

D. Four groups of organic compounds

i. carbohydrates

ii. lipids

iii. proteins

iv. nucleic acids

III. Carbohydrates

Uses: main source of ______

Atoms: Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen (__:__:__)

A. ______(monomers)

C6H12O6

i. ______- plants

ii. galactose- ______

iii. ______- fruit

B. ____saccharides

C12H22O11

i. ______- glucose + fructose (table sugar)

ii. ______- glucose + glucose (seeds)

iii. ______- galactose + glucose (milk)

C. ______saccharides

Chain of ______(300-2500)

i. ______- (glucose) ______in plants

ii. ______- (glucose) ______in the liver of ______

iii. ______- ______in plants

*General Formula CX(H2O)X

C6H12O6

- H2O (______is ______for each monomer joined)

IV. Lipids

Uses: Store ______(fat), parts of the ______membrane, and ______(chemical messengers)

Atoms: Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

A. Molecules

1 ______+ ___ fatty acids 1 ______+ ____

i. fatty acids: have a ______group on the end (-COOH)

Examples: lauric acid, butyric acid, & caporic acid

B. Types

i. ______: fatty acids with maximum number of ______atoms; ______bond between the carbons (______to break down)

1. ______at room temperature- butter, meat ____

ii. ______: fatty acids with a ______or ______carbon to carbon bond

1. ______at room temperature- vegetable ______(______to breakdown)

V. Nucleic Acids

Uses: ______and transmit ______information

Atoms: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, ______, & ______

A. ______: monomer

i. ______carbon sugar, phosphate group, & nitrogenous _____

B. Nucleic acid: ______

VI. Proteins

Uses: found in cells (cell ______), muscles, & ______

Atoms: Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, & ______

A. ______: monomers that make proteins (polymers)

i. Structure

1. ______group (-NH2)

2. ______group (-COOH)

3. ______group- side chains

ii. Bonding: dehydration synthesis, forms a ______bond

1. two amino acids = ___peptide

2. many amino acids = ______peptide

3. ______combinations of amino acids = ______proteins

iii. Types

1. Twenty amino acids:

a. ______the body can ______

b. 8 “______” (needs to be taken _____)

Body make-up (approximate)

2% carbohydrates

20% lipids

20% proteins

50% water

6% minerals

VII. Enzymes

A. ______:

i. substance that ______up the rate of a chemical reaction

ii. ______changed by the reaction (not used up)

iii. ______the energy needed to get a reaction ______

B. Catalyst in living organisms

i. ______

ii. ______

iii. ______

Revised 6-11